隔震结构体系全寿命总费用评估模型研究
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摘要
随着我国抗震设计理论的不断进步和隔震装置的不断研发更新,隔震建筑开始在国内不断涌现,隔震技术已成为一种重要的新型工程抗震手段。汶川地震后,人们对隔震建筑的需求更是与日俱增,作为理论最为成熟、施工较为简单的基础隔震技术更是得到了突飞猛进的发展。基础隔震结构在抗震能力和减震效果上的优势已经得到业内的广泛认同,但是很多设计人员和业主对隔震结构在经济上的合理性还存在疑虑,而且目前关于基础隔震结构的性态水准和设防目标还没有明确的划分标准和要求可依,对描述隔震结构性态的参数及其评价标准也没有相应的量化指标,这给基础隔震结构的经济性评价带来巨大的阻力。鉴于以上原因,本文对基础隔震结构全寿命总费用评估模型开展了一系列研究,主要内容如下:
1)隔震结构的性态水准和性态目标。结合隔震结构的特性,提出了基础隔震结构的设防性态水准和性态目标的划分标准,给出相应量化指标的建议值;对基础隔震结构用设计基准期定义其不同功能类别,计算了设计基准期不同的三类建筑不同地震动水准的相当超越概率;提出了不同使用功能结构水平向减震系数与隔震后上部结构水平地震作用和抗震措施所对应的烈度分档建议值。从而,为设计人员和业主选择结构设计方案提供了参考。
2)隔震结构的初始造价。通过对工程实例统计归纳,对隔震结构的三个部分造价(包括抗震结构的造价、隔震增加的费用和上部结构减少的费用)进行了评估,给出了基础隔震结构初始造价的评估模型的共性化和个性化计算公式,为业主和设计人员提供了较具体的方案对比分析手段。
3)隔震结构全寿命费用评估。为了更为充分的体现基础隔震结构的潜在经济优势,本文对基础隔震结构全寿命周期内的总费用进行了综合评价,研究了基础隔震结构全寿命周期内的维修费用、基于概率分析法的损失费用和人员伤亡的评估方法,得出全寿命周期的总费用评估模型,通过算例证实了隔震结构投资-效益的优越性。给出了隔震结构社会可接受人员死亡率建议值,并提出隔震结构的最优安全隔震设计方案的两阶段决策方法。同时,把数学模糊综合评价引入到基础隔震结构的损失期望评估中,从而为基础隔震结构的经济性分析提供了的简便可行的评估手段,促进隔震技术的推广和应用。
With the development of the seismic design theory and isolated control technology in our country, many base-isolated buildings are also contrusted in China , the isolation technology has become an important new engineering seismic method. After the WENCHUAN earthquake, the demand of people on the base-isolated building is increased with each passing day. The isolation technology with the most mature theory and relatively simple construction has also made enormens progress. The obvious technical advantage of base-isolated building in the seismic capability and the shock absorption effect has been widely proved, but currently many designers and owner exist doubts about the economic rationality of isolated structure, and performance level and performance objectives of base-isolated structure are not clearly studied. Mean while, evaluation standard to describe isolated structural performance parameters is not quantitatively researched, which will block the development of base-isolation economic evaluation. In view of the above reasons, all-life-cycle economic cost evaluation model for base-isolated structures was researched in this paper , main jobs are following:
1) Performance levels and performance objectives of base-isolated structures. Combined with the characteristics of isolated structure, seismic performance levels and performance objectives have been put forward, After defining different function category of isolated structures by design reference period, corresponding exceeding probabilities of three kinds of buildings with different design reference periods under three seismic levels are calculated. The paper put forward horizontal vibration-reduction coefficient for the structure with different function and the corresponding suggested intensity values of horizontal ground motion as well as seismic measures to upper structure after being isolated. Thus, alternative design scheme can be given for the designers and investors.
2) Initial cost of isolated structures.Through the statistics of engineering respective examples, the cost (including seismic cost,increasing cost for isolation and reduced cost of the upper structure) evaluation has been made for isolated structures, common and personality calculating formula of the base-isolated structures are put forward. So investors and designers personnelly have more comparative analysis method about design plan.
3) Life-cycle cost evaluation of isolated structures. In order to manifest potential economic advantages of the base-isolated structure more fully, this paper comprehensively evaluated total life-cycle cost of the base-isolated structures, studied the maintenance cost , loss and casualties cost based on the probability analysis of base-isolated structure during life cycle period; it is concluded that the evaluation methods of the total life-cycle cost; through the numeral example, it is proved that the isolated structures has advantage with investment-benefit criterion. Then the paper puts forward the social acceptable average mortality and the two-stage decision-making method of the optimal safety fortification for isolated structure. At the same time, the mathematics fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is introduced to evaluate the expected loss cost of base-isolated structures; Thus, a economy analysis and evaluation tool for isolated structures can be gotten, which is more simple and more feasible and promote the popularization and application of the isolation technology.
1)隔震结构的性态水准和性态目标。结合隔震结构的特性,提出了基础隔震结构的设防性态水准和性态目标的划分标准,给出相应量化指标的建议值;对基础隔震结构用设计基准期定义其不同功能类别,计算了设计基准期不同的三类建筑不同地震动水准的相当超越概率;提出了不同使用功能结构水平向减震系数与隔震后上部结构水平地震作用和抗震措施所对应的烈度分档建议值。从而,为设计人员和业主选择结构设计方案提供了参考。
2)隔震结构的初始造价。通过对工程实例统计归纳,对隔震结构的三个部分造价(包括抗震结构的造价、隔震增加的费用和上部结构减少的费用)进行了评估,给出了基础隔震结构初始造价的评估模型的共性化和个性化计算公式,为业主和设计人员提供了较具体的方案对比分析手段。
3)隔震结构全寿命费用评估。为了更为充分的体现基础隔震结构的潜在经济优势,本文对基础隔震结构全寿命周期内的总费用进行了综合评价,研究了基础隔震结构全寿命周期内的维修费用、基于概率分析法的损失费用和人员伤亡的评估方法,得出全寿命周期的总费用评估模型,通过算例证实了隔震结构投资-效益的优越性。给出了隔震结构社会可接受人员死亡率建议值,并提出隔震结构的最优安全隔震设计方案的两阶段决策方法。同时,把数学模糊综合评价引入到基础隔震结构的损失期望评估中,从而为基础隔震结构的经济性分析提供了的简便可行的评估手段,促进隔震技术的推广和应用。
With the development of the seismic design theory and isolated control technology in our country, many base-isolated buildings are also contrusted in China , the isolation technology has become an important new engineering seismic method. After the WENCHUAN earthquake, the demand of people on the base-isolated building is increased with each passing day. The isolation technology with the most mature theory and relatively simple construction has also made enormens progress. The obvious technical advantage of base-isolated building in the seismic capability and the shock absorption effect has been widely proved, but currently many designers and owner exist doubts about the economic rationality of isolated structure, and performance level and performance objectives of base-isolated structure are not clearly studied. Mean while, evaluation standard to describe isolated structural performance parameters is not quantitatively researched, which will block the development of base-isolation economic evaluation. In view of the above reasons, all-life-cycle economic cost evaluation model for base-isolated structures was researched in this paper , main jobs are following:
1) Performance levels and performance objectives of base-isolated structures. Combined with the characteristics of isolated structure, seismic performance levels and performance objectives have been put forward, After defining different function category of isolated structures by design reference period, corresponding exceeding probabilities of three kinds of buildings with different design reference periods under three seismic levels are calculated. The paper put forward horizontal vibration-reduction coefficient for the structure with different function and the corresponding suggested intensity values of horizontal ground motion as well as seismic measures to upper structure after being isolated. Thus, alternative design scheme can be given for the designers and investors.
2) Initial cost of isolated structures.Through the statistics of engineering respective examples, the cost (including seismic cost,increasing cost for isolation and reduced cost of the upper structure) evaluation has been made for isolated structures, common and personality calculating formula of the base-isolated structures are put forward. So investors and designers personnelly have more comparative analysis method about design plan.
3) Life-cycle cost evaluation of isolated structures. In order to manifest potential economic advantages of the base-isolated structure more fully, this paper comprehensively evaluated total life-cycle cost of the base-isolated structures, studied the maintenance cost , loss and casualties cost based on the probability analysis of base-isolated structure during life cycle period; it is concluded that the evaluation methods of the total life-cycle cost; through the numeral example, it is proved that the isolated structures has advantage with investment-benefit criterion. Then the paper puts forward the social acceptable average mortality and the two-stage decision-making method of the optimal safety fortification for isolated structure. At the same time, the mathematics fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is introduced to evaluate the expected loss cost of base-isolated structures; Thus, a economy analysis and evaluation tool for isolated structures can be gotten, which is more simple and more feasible and promote the popularization and application of the isolation technology.
引文
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