文冠果两种不同类型花中雌蕊发育情况的比较研究
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摘要
文冠果属杂性花，即两性花(孕花)与雄花(不孕花)同株。在花性别分化的早期即两种类型花在蕾期时，花器官结构基本相同，雄蕊、雌蕊都存在。但经过花的性别决定后，位于侧芽形成花序上的小花，其雌蕊发生选择性败育，因而成为不孕花(雄花)。
本文通过对文冠果不同发育时期的两性花和雄花的细胞及形态解剖学观察，初步确定了雄花中雌蕊选择性败育的时期，即珠心还未形成大孢子母细胞时就开始败育。
通过对两种不同类型花中雌蕊同工酶酶谱的分析，找到了一些特殊的酶带，如α-淀粉酶酶谱中的A1和C1，过氧化物酶酶谱中的B1、B2、B8、B9和B7。这些酶带的出现或消失都与雌蕊发育或败育过程中的生理生化反应相关。
通过对上述两种不同类型雌蕊蛋白质双向电泳结果的分析，找到了与雌蕊败育相关的差异蛋白点，如A1、A2和D1、D2、D3，它们可能与子房萎缩、胚珠不正常发育过程有关。另外，有一些蛋白点可能会在促进子房膨大、胚珠发育方面起作用，如B1、B2、B3和C1、C2，推测与雌蕊的正常发育相关。
进一步深入的研究将对差异蛋白点及特殊酶带进行结构和功能分析，寻找与育性相关的基因。
Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is polygamous flower and it is andromonoecious. The two kinds of flowers (male flower and bisexual flower) have similar structures of floral organ during the early stage of sex differentiation. They both have stamen and pistil. But after sex differentiation the florets in lateral buds become male flowers because selective abortion happens in pistil.
Some morphological and anatomical observations on both male and bisexual flowers were made in different developmental stages. The right stage when the selective abortion happened in male flower was ascertained preliminarily. The result was that the ovule in ovary of male flower abored when the megasporocyte was not formed in nucellar tissue.
Some special isozyme bands found in the two types of flowers in our experiment were relative to the physiological and biochemical changes during the pistil development or abortion.
The differential proteins related to the abortion were also found after the result of tow-dimentional polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis was analyzed. These proteins may be related to the wilting of ovary and the abnormal development of ovule. Other proteins which may promote expanding of ovary and development of ovule were also found. They were inferred to be the proteins which was related to normal development of pistil.
The structure and function of these proteins and isozyme bands need to be analyzed in advanced researches and finally special genes related to the abortion will be found.
本文通过对文冠果不同发育时期的两性花和雄花的细胞及形态解剖学观察，初步确定了雄花中雌蕊选择性败育的时期，即珠心还未形成大孢子母细胞时就开始败育。
通过对两种不同类型花中雌蕊同工酶酶谱的分析，找到了一些特殊的酶带，如α-淀粉酶酶谱中的A1和C1，过氧化物酶酶谱中的B1、B2、B8、B9和B7。这些酶带的出现或消失都与雌蕊发育或败育过程中的生理生化反应相关。
通过对上述两种不同类型雌蕊蛋白质双向电泳结果的分析，找到了与雌蕊败育相关的差异蛋白点，如A1、A2和D1、D2、D3，它们可能与子房萎缩、胚珠不正常发育过程有关。另外，有一些蛋白点可能会在促进子房膨大、胚珠发育方面起作用，如B1、B2、B3和C1、C2，推测与雌蕊的正常发育相关。
进一步深入的研究将对差异蛋白点及特殊酶带进行结构和功能分析，寻找与育性相关的基因。
Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is polygamous flower and it is andromonoecious. The two kinds of flowers (male flower and bisexual flower) have similar structures of floral organ during the early stage of sex differentiation. They both have stamen and pistil. But after sex differentiation the florets in lateral buds become male flowers because selective abortion happens in pistil.
Some morphological and anatomical observations on both male and bisexual flowers were made in different developmental stages. The right stage when the selective abortion happened in male flower was ascertained preliminarily. The result was that the ovule in ovary of male flower abored when the megasporocyte was not formed in nucellar tissue.
Some special isozyme bands found in the two types of flowers in our experiment were relative to the physiological and biochemical changes during the pistil development or abortion.
The differential proteins related to the abortion were also found after the result of tow-dimentional polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis was analyzed. These proteins may be related to the wilting of ovary and the abnormal development of ovule. Other proteins which may promote expanding of ovary and development of ovule were also found. They were inferred to be the proteins which was related to normal development of pistil.
The structure and function of these proteins and isozyme bands need to be analyzed in advanced researches and finally special genes related to the abortion will be found.
引文
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2．高建伟，李忠德，等．植物无融合生殖研究进展．生物工程进展，2000，20(5)：43～47
3．高述民，马凯，杜希华，等．文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)研究进展．植物学通报，2002，19(3)：296～301
4．高智慧，史忠礼，许月明等．杉木种子发育生理、涩籽成因及降低败育措施的研究．林业科学研究，2000，13(6)：659～666
5．胡能书，万贤国编．同工酶技术及其应用．湖南科学技术出版社，1985，10
6．胡忠，刘天磊，江晓雯等．宁夏枸杞愈伤组织器官发生和体细胞胚发生过程中过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酶同工酶的研究．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，2000，36(3)：147～152
7．李凤兰，沈熙环，李悦．油松雌性不育无性系的发现及其原因分析．河北林学院学报，1992，7(2)：93～98
8．李凤兰，郑彩霞．油松胚珠后期败育问题初探．北京林业大学学报，1990，12(3)：68～73
9．李红艳，杨继华，薛妙男．沙田柚花柱三种同工酶分析．广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，17(4)：80～84
10．李学红，李冬玲，苑金香．高等植物的性别决定机制．生物学教学，2002，27(3)：1～3
11．李玉京，李滨，刘建中等．低磷营养胁迫对小麦-长穗偃麦草附加系酸性磷酸酶同工酶的影响．中国农业科学，1998，31(4)：26～31
12．李志忠，吴婷婷．同工酶技术及其应用研究．甘肃高师学报(自然科学版)，1999，4(2)：46～52
13．刘东旭，李子先，郭学兴等．不同染色剂对水稻酯酶同工酶电泳显色相对强度差异的影响．北京农业大学学报，1992，18(3)：251～255
14．刘颂颂，叶永昌，招晓东，等．无核荔枝种子败育的胚胎学研究．华南农业大学学报，1999，20(2)：41～46
15．刘永胜，孙敬三，周开达．水稻亚种间杂种小穗败育的细胞学基础．实验生物学报，1997，30(3)：335～339
16．刘永胜，周开达，阴国大等．水稻籼粳杂种雌性不育的细胞学初步观察．实验生物学报，1993，26(1)：95～99
17．娄群峰，余纪柱，陈劲枫等．植物性别分化的遗传基础与标记物研究．植物学通报，
2002，19(6)：684～691
18．吕德彬，常团结，刘薇斌等．普通小麦K型和T型雄性不育系花药同功酶研究．河南农业大学学报，1998，32(3)：208～211
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