川渝地区普通高校来华留学生武术教学现状与对策研究
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摘要
文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法等方法对川渝地区普通高校来华留学生武术教学现状进行调查研究,得出以下结论: 1通过开展来华留学生武术教学,不仅能加快川渝地区高等教育国际化发展,还能促进武术运动自身的改革与发展,然而川渝地区普通高校来华留学生武术课开课率较低,没有普及,武术教学的总体规模有限;大部分高校及其相关部门对该课程的设置与建设的重视程度不够;2本课程以非体育专业接受学历教育的留学生为主,也有很大一部分是来华进修、短训的留学生,不同国家、受教育程度不同的留学生之间对于武术感兴趣的方向和学习目的不一样,但总体上大部分留学生都是为了了解中国文化和健身的双重目的而练习武术;3对外宣传欠缺,电影和电视仍然是来华留学生了解武术的主要途径;川渝地区习武的来华留学生仍主要集中在亚洲国家和第三世界国家,生源国家的国际性不强;4大部分留学生希望教师在授课时能同时采用英汉两种语言进行教学,这对教师的语言能力提出了更高的要求;由于评价的标准不一,虽然存在很多问题,但大多数留学生对教学表示满意;5目前川渝地区来华留学生武术教学体系不健全,教学不够规范,教学计划制定随意性较大,不完善;没有建立完善的课程审查管理制度和课程评价制度,在课程内容的选择上没有统一的规范,存在着很大的随意性和盲目性,且不具备地区特色;课程教材编制落后,留学生武术教材贫乏,相关理论研究欠缺;师资力量不足,梯队不清楚,课程内容比例失调,教学手法单一,武术教师的综合素质参差不齐;教育主管部门以及相关武术机构缺乏对留学生武术教师进行必要的岗位培训等。
因此笔者提出:川渝地区普通高校留学生武术教学要从“以人为本”的角度出发,以留学生为主体,提高认识,完善管理制度、加强宣传,充分考虑学生的需要与个体差异与不同需求,更新教育思想观念;从教学目标的拟定,课程内容的选择,教学方法的应用,教学评价的实施,加强课程教材编制和教师人才培养、物质保障等方面入手,逐步构建相对完善的来华留学生武术教学课程体系,提高课程教学质量。
The use of literature, expert interviews, questionnaires, logical analysis, mathematical statistics methods such as Sichuan and Chongqing in China Universities Teaching students to investigate and study martial arts, the following conclusions:
1 through martial arts teaching foreign students, not only can speed up the internationalization of higher education development in Sichuan and Chongqing, but also to promote martial arts own reform and development.
2 students in Sichuan and Chongqing in China Martial Arts College commencement was low, there is no universal, limited the overall size of martial arts teaching; most of the relevant departments of the university and its curriculum and the building is not enough emphasis; the creation of the course institutions are mainly located in the center area of the more influential, the scale of strong teachers, students, colleges and a large number of comprehensive medical colleges; martial arts teaching foreign students receiving non-academic education, physical education students to Lord, there are a large part of China to study, short training of the students, their favorite Chinese martial arts, and choose to participate in the martial arts in colleges and universities set up courses to learn more about Chinese martial arts and Chinese culture; different countries, students with different level of education between the direction of interest for the martial arts and learning objective is not the same, but overall most of the students are to understand the Chinese culture and the dual purpose of fitness to practice martial arts; lack of outreach for many years, film and television are still China to martial arts is the main way students learn; Sichuan and Chongqing in China to learn martial arts students are still mainly concentrated in Asian countries and third world countries, international students is not strong country; foreign students the language of the martial arts teacher increasing capacity requirements, most students want teachers to teach the language can be used by both English and Chinese language teaching, which made the language ability of teachers to a higher demand; as the starting point for learning different, although the teaching The survival of many problems, but for most students expressed satisfaction with the arrangements for learning content.
3 to teaching itself, the current students in Sichuan and Chongqing in China is not perfect martial art teaching system, teaching is not sufficiently standardized, curriculum-building backward and Teaching Program and arbitrary large, incomplete; not established a sound management system and course curriculum review evaluation system, the choice in the curriculum there is no uniform standard, there is considerable arbitrariness and blindness, and do not have local characteristics; behind the preparation of course materials, teaching martial arts-poor students, the lack of relevant theory; lack of teachers , echelon is not clear, the curriculum imbalance, teaching practices, a single, comprehensive quality mixed martial arts teachers; education authorities and related agencies lack of martial arts martial arts students the necessary job training for teachers and teaching conditions of venues and equipment mixed ;
Therefore recommends that: Sichuan and Chongqing martial arts teaching college students, from the "people-oriented" point of view to students as the main body, raise awareness, improve the management system, strengthening publicity, give full consideration to the needs of students with different needs and Individual Differences, updating of educational concepts; from the development of teaching objectives, curriculum content selection, the application of teaching methods, teaching evaluation of the implementation, preparation of course materials and teachers to strengthen personnel training and other aspects, and gradually build a relatively complete martial arts curriculum for Foreign Students system to improve teaching quality.
因此笔者提出:川渝地区普通高校留学生武术教学要从“以人为本”的角度出发,以留学生为主体,提高认识,完善管理制度、加强宣传,充分考虑学生的需要与个体差异与不同需求,更新教育思想观念;从教学目标的拟定,课程内容的选择,教学方法的应用,教学评价的实施,加强课程教材编制和教师人才培养、物质保障等方面入手,逐步构建相对完善的来华留学生武术教学课程体系,提高课程教学质量。
The use of literature, expert interviews, questionnaires, logical analysis, mathematical statistics methods such as Sichuan and Chongqing in China Universities Teaching students to investigate and study martial arts, the following conclusions:
1 through martial arts teaching foreign students, not only can speed up the internationalization of higher education development in Sichuan and Chongqing, but also to promote martial arts own reform and development.
2 students in Sichuan and Chongqing in China Martial Arts College commencement was low, there is no universal, limited the overall size of martial arts teaching; most of the relevant departments of the university and its curriculum and the building is not enough emphasis; the creation of the course institutions are mainly located in the center area of the more influential, the scale of strong teachers, students, colleges and a large number of comprehensive medical colleges; martial arts teaching foreign students receiving non-academic education, physical education students to Lord, there are a large part of China to study, short training of the students, their favorite Chinese martial arts, and choose to participate in the martial arts in colleges and universities set up courses to learn more about Chinese martial arts and Chinese culture; different countries, students with different level of education between the direction of interest for the martial arts and learning objective is not the same, but overall most of the students are to understand the Chinese culture and the dual purpose of fitness to practice martial arts; lack of outreach for many years, film and television are still China to martial arts is the main way students learn; Sichuan and Chongqing in China to learn martial arts students are still mainly concentrated in Asian countries and third world countries, international students is not strong country; foreign students the language of the martial arts teacher increasing capacity requirements, most students want teachers to teach the language can be used by both English and Chinese language teaching, which made the language ability of teachers to a higher demand; as the starting point for learning different, although the teaching The survival of many problems, but for most students expressed satisfaction with the arrangements for learning content.
3 to teaching itself, the current students in Sichuan and Chongqing in China is not perfect martial art teaching system, teaching is not sufficiently standardized, curriculum-building backward and Teaching Program and arbitrary large, incomplete; not established a sound management system and course curriculum review evaluation system, the choice in the curriculum there is no uniform standard, there is considerable arbitrariness and blindness, and do not have local characteristics; behind the preparation of course materials, teaching martial arts-poor students, the lack of relevant theory; lack of teachers , echelon is not clear, the curriculum imbalance, teaching practices, a single, comprehensive quality mixed martial arts teachers; education authorities and related agencies lack of martial arts martial arts students the necessary job training for teachers and teaching conditions of venues and equipment mixed ;
Therefore recommends that: Sichuan and Chongqing martial arts teaching college students, from the "people-oriented" point of view to students as the main body, raise awareness, improve the management system, strengthening publicity, give full consideration to the needs of students with different needs and Individual Differences, updating of educational concepts; from the development of teaching objectives, curriculum content selection, the application of teaching methods, teaching evaluation of the implementation, preparation of course materials and teachers to strengthen personnel training and other aspects, and gradually build a relatively complete martial arts curriculum for Foreign Students system to improve teaching quality.
引文
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[3]吴彬江.落实科学发展观,走国际化道路,推进高等教育的可持续发展[J].南京医科大学学报(社会科学版),2005,1:235-237
[4]谷海玲.英国高等教育国家化的策略研究[D].广东:华南师范大学,2005:21
[5]陈学飞主编.高等教育国际化:跨世纪的大趋势[M].福州:福建教育出版社,2002. 58-72
[6]郭亚娟,周清明.浅论中国高等教育国际交流与合作的趋势和动态[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学版),2007,4:144-161
[7]栾凤池.来华留学教育研究述评[J].留学服务,2009.09:85-88
[8]耿虎.来华留学生教育历史分期及相关问题探析[J].高教探索,2010,4:92-97
[9]教育部.2009年全国来华留学生统计摘要[EB/OL].http://www.csc.edu.cn/gb/rea darticle/le.asp?articleid=1338
[10]徐坚.中国国际教育服务贸易发展中的问题及解决思路[J].商业时代,2009,10: 58-60
[11]薛宏波.我国体育专业留学生教育的现状及对策研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2006,6:77-80
[12]王忠.关于来华留学生学历生培养现状及培养策略的几点思考[J].教育发展与研究,2009,02:155-156
[13]陈至立.认真学习贯彻党的十七大精神以质量为核心加快高等教育大国向高等教育强国迈进的步伐[J].中国高等教育,2008,1:4-6
[14]郭秀晶,周永源.关于我国高校留学生教育发展的综合分析[J].中国高等教育,2010,8:30-31
[15]刘平秀.中国发展留学生教育存在的差距与对策[J].对外经贸实务,2009,7:84
[16]中国留学生网2009年第7次新闻发布会:通报我国来华留学工作有关情况[EB/OL]. http: //www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/web
[17]刘慧.当前来华留学生教育规模扩大问题研究[D].南京师范大学硕士学位论文,2007:7-9,20-25,50-52
[18]张红.关于重庆高校留学生教育工作的几点思考[J].教育与职业,2010,6:159-160
[19]陈小玲.改革开放三十年,来华留学生教育的现状分析[J].时代教育,2010,02:9-10
[20]国务院.成渝经济区区域规划[EB].全国第三次国家经济工作会议文稿,2011:42
[21]中国留学生网.越来越多的外国留学生青睐来中国留学[EB].http://edu.0898.net
[22]邱王相,闰民,戴国斌.中国武术套路的文化解析[J].体育科学,2007,12:10-14
[23]陈和霖.留学生武术学习及对外武术教学[J].体育文化导,2007,11:24-26
[24]周庆杰.北京市高校外国留学生武术教学现状[J].体育科学,2004,:37-39
[25]温佐惠,陈振勇.巴蜀武术[M].中国体育报业总社(原人民体育出版社),2010.02
[26]郑向荣.当前我国发展来华留学生教育的意义与优势分析[J].高教探索,2010,5:103-106
[27]崔庆玲.来华留学教育存在的问题及其原因分析[J].教育与现代化,2008,3:78
[28]王岗,邱丕相,包磊.重构学校武术教育体系必须强化“国学意识”[J].体育学刊,2009,09:2-6
[29]夏虹.论中国武术运动的国际化发展[J].武汉体育学院学报,2003,4: 11-14
[30]陈和霖,尹宝玉.留学生习武和对外武术教学[J].体育文化导刊,2004,05:52-53
[31]黄强,罗远东.武术在国际传播中的原理与途径[J].体育学刊,2004,11:59-61
[32]崔浩澜.高校武术教学与改革的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2005.12:102-104
[33]龙国强.中国武术在欧洲的发展现状及国际化发展研究[J].中国体育科技,2007,4:27-30,90
[34]杨啸原.制约武术实现国际化的因素探析[J].成都体育学院学报,2005,1:80-83
[35]王福春主编.外事管理学概况[M].北京大学出版社,2003.53-64
[36]张铁明.21世纪来华留学生管理体制与模式的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,7:27-30
[37]、[38]施海龙,张大军.浅谈高校来华留学生的管理模式[J].辽宁教育行政学院学报, 2006,2:11-14
[39]杨啸原.武术双语教学的必要性与可行性研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2005,8:37-38
[40]王俊奇.中西文化冲突与武术发展之路[J].上侮体育学院学报,2007,07:53-56,64
[41]高宝珍.论“以人为本”「D].山西:山西大学学报,2005:12-14
[42]教育部.体育与健康课程标准[M].北京师范大学出版社,2004:11
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