黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操教学现状的调查与对策研究
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摘要
高等院校开设的健美操课程主要是:“以健身锻炼为目的”的健身健美操。它是一项体现健与美的运动,既注重形体的、姿态的、动作的外在美的训练,又注重美的欣赏力、美的情操等内在美的培养;对培养学生正确姿态和韵律感,提高协调性和审美能力,增强体质都有很好的作用。由于健美操固有的这些项目特征符合大学生的心理和生理特点,因此它已经成为普通高校主要的体育课程之一。
健美操自80年代中期进入体育课堂以后,就深受大学生的欢迎。目前黑龙江省西部地区的许多高校己将健美操列为大学生体育的选修课。为了让健美操课程在学校体育教学中不断地发展,该文对黑龙江省西部地区高校开设健美操课的现状进行调查、分析,旨在全面了解黑龙江省西部地区各高校的健美操课现状,进一步明确高校健美操课的教学目标、规范教学内容、改进考试方法、突出健美操教学在素质教育中的作用,为黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操课的改革提供有价值的依据。
该文运用了文献资料法、调查法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法,以黑龙江省西部地区10所高校为调查对象,对这10所学校的健美操课进行了重点的调查与分析。得出以下结论:
1目前黑龙江省西部地区高校“健美操课”的开课率较高,占高校总数的76.92%,目前60%的学校已经对男生开设了健美操课,黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操进入稳步发展阶段。
2黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操教师队伍比较年轻,男女教师所占比例相差较大;健美操专业毕业的健美操教师比例不高。大多数学生对教师教学效果还是很满意的,但教师科研能力较弱,专业裁判级别不高。
3黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操课采用单纯的技术“评分制”不利于全面地检查、评定学生的学习成绩。考试形式正在逐渐丰富,教师已开始重视对学生综合能力的评价。
4选修健美操课的大部分学生学习目的性明确,男女生对健美操课的喜欢程度有一定差异。在高校中出现选修健美操课人数下降的现象的主要原因是教学内容单一,教学方法枯燥。
5黑龙江省西部地区高校场地设施状况较差,超过半数的学生对场地状况表示不满。
The main purpose of aerobics courses provided by colleges and universities is to keep fit and healthy. The subject shows the combination of strength and beauty, and it concentrates not only on training the externality of appearance, pose and motion, but also on cultivating the internality of beauty-appreciation and beauty-sentiment. Besides, it does good to students' right stance, sense of rhythm, body-harmony, taste and health. Since all these specific traits of aerobics cater to students' psychological and physical characteristics, the aerobics course has been one of those main courses in colleges and universities.
Aerobics has had a deep and good impression on students since it was first introduced in the P.E. course in the mid 1980's, and nowadays in the west area of Heilongjang Province, many colleges and universities have provided it as a selective course. For the continuous development of the aerobics course in the P.E. education in colleges and universities, this paper has investigated and analyzed how this course is held in these schools in the west area of Heilongjang Province, so that we can have a general view of the present situation of it. Furthermore, we can nail down the aim and task of this course, regularize the teaching content, improve examining methods, give prominence to the function of aerobics teaching in the system of quality-education and offer some valuable gist to the reformation of the aerobics course in higher institutions of learning in the west area of Heilongjang Province.
Approaches of documentation, investigation and statistics are used in this paper. Taking 10 universities in the west area of Heilongjang Province as common samples, the paper mainly investigates and analyzes the aerobics courses of the above 10 universities. And the following conclusions are drawn.
1. For the moment, the rate of the colleges which provide aerobics courses over all the schools in the west area of Heilongjang Province is 76.92%,and only 60%of them open it to the boys. Aerobics teaching in the west area of Heilongjang Province has come into the stage of steady development.
2. The teaching staff of aerobics in colleges and universities in the west area of Heilongjang Province is young, with very different percentage for males and females; Teachers graduated with the major of aerobics take only a small part of the whole staff. Although most of the students are satisfied with the teacher’s teaching effect, the teachers' ability for research work is comparatively weak and the referees are not top-level.
3. Sheer technique scoring is a disadvantage to the thorough examination and evaluation of a student's performance. Various forms of examining have been taken, and teachers have begun to pay attention to the check of students' comprehensive ability.
4. Most students who select the aerobics course have a clear intention. There is a discrepancy in the degree of interest for the course between boys and girls. The decrease of the number of students selecting the aerobics course occurs in a few schools. The chief reason for this phenomenon is the unitary content and the lack of effective teaching methods.
5. The facilities at the arenas in the west area of Heilongjang Province are poor. More than half of the students are dissatisfied with such a condition.
健美操自80年代中期进入体育课堂以后,就深受大学生的欢迎。目前黑龙江省西部地区的许多高校己将健美操列为大学生体育的选修课。为了让健美操课程在学校体育教学中不断地发展,该文对黑龙江省西部地区高校开设健美操课的现状进行调查、分析,旨在全面了解黑龙江省西部地区各高校的健美操课现状,进一步明确高校健美操课的教学目标、规范教学内容、改进考试方法、突出健美操教学在素质教育中的作用,为黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操课的改革提供有价值的依据。
该文运用了文献资料法、调查法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法,以黑龙江省西部地区10所高校为调查对象,对这10所学校的健美操课进行了重点的调查与分析。得出以下结论:
1目前黑龙江省西部地区高校“健美操课”的开课率较高,占高校总数的76.92%,目前60%的学校已经对男生开设了健美操课,黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操进入稳步发展阶段。
2黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操教师队伍比较年轻,男女教师所占比例相差较大;健美操专业毕业的健美操教师比例不高。大多数学生对教师教学效果还是很满意的,但教师科研能力较弱,专业裁判级别不高。
3黑龙江省西部地区高校健美操课采用单纯的技术“评分制”不利于全面地检查、评定学生的学习成绩。考试形式正在逐渐丰富,教师已开始重视对学生综合能力的评价。
4选修健美操课的大部分学生学习目的性明确,男女生对健美操课的喜欢程度有一定差异。在高校中出现选修健美操课人数下降的现象的主要原因是教学内容单一,教学方法枯燥。
5黑龙江省西部地区高校场地设施状况较差,超过半数的学生对场地状况表示不满。
The main purpose of aerobics courses provided by colleges and universities is to keep fit and healthy. The subject shows the combination of strength and beauty, and it concentrates not only on training the externality of appearance, pose and motion, but also on cultivating the internality of beauty-appreciation and beauty-sentiment. Besides, it does good to students' right stance, sense of rhythm, body-harmony, taste and health. Since all these specific traits of aerobics cater to students' psychological and physical characteristics, the aerobics course has been one of those main courses in colleges and universities.
Aerobics has had a deep and good impression on students since it was first introduced in the P.E. course in the mid 1980's, and nowadays in the west area of Heilongjang Province, many colleges and universities have provided it as a selective course. For the continuous development of the aerobics course in the P.E. education in colleges and universities, this paper has investigated and analyzed how this course is held in these schools in the west area of Heilongjang Province, so that we can have a general view of the present situation of it. Furthermore, we can nail down the aim and task of this course, regularize the teaching content, improve examining methods, give prominence to the function of aerobics teaching in the system of quality-education and offer some valuable gist to the reformation of the aerobics course in higher institutions of learning in the west area of Heilongjang Province.
Approaches of documentation, investigation and statistics are used in this paper. Taking 10 universities in the west area of Heilongjang Province as common samples, the paper mainly investigates and analyzes the aerobics courses of the above 10 universities. And the following conclusions are drawn.
1. For the moment, the rate of the colleges which provide aerobics courses over all the schools in the west area of Heilongjang Province is 76.92%,and only 60%of them open it to the boys. Aerobics teaching in the west area of Heilongjang Province has come into the stage of steady development.
2. The teaching staff of aerobics in colleges and universities in the west area of Heilongjang Province is young, with very different percentage for males and females; Teachers graduated with the major of aerobics take only a small part of the whole staff. Although most of the students are satisfied with the teacher’s teaching effect, the teachers' ability for research work is comparatively weak and the referees are not top-level.
3. Sheer technique scoring is a disadvantage to the thorough examination and evaluation of a student's performance. Various forms of examining have been taken, and teachers have begun to pay attention to the check of students' comprehensive ability.
4. Most students who select the aerobics course have a clear intention. There is a discrepancy in the degree of interest for the course between boys and girls. The decrease of the number of students selecting the aerobics course occurs in a few schools. The chief reason for this phenomenon is the unitary content and the lack of effective teaching methods.
5. The facilities at the arenas in the west area of Heilongjang Province are poor. More than half of the students are dissatisfied with such a condition.
引文
[1][2]张念宏等.中国教育百科全书[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991 年第 1 版.39—237.
[3]全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要[M].2002 年 8 月 6 日
[4]王则珊.青春健美秘诀[M].北京:北京体育学院出版社,1991 年第 1 版
[5]卢芬.浙江省普通高校艺术体操健美操发展历程的回顾与展望[J].浙江体育科学,1996 年第 4期: 28
[6]邓壁娟.我省部分高校女生健美操开展现状调查与分析[J].福建高校体育,1997 年第 4 期 65
[7]张绍程等.健美操[M].北京:北京体育学院出版社,1993 年第 1 版. 2
[8]黄宽柔等.形体健美与健美操[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997 年第 2 版. 28
[9]杨红等.实用健身健美操练习指南[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1997 年第 1 版.2
[10]娄琢玉.你想使形体更健美吗[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1989 年第 1 版,76
[11]刘庆春.试论健美操的审美因素及其构成法则[J].浙江体育科学,1998 年第 4 期.15
[12]格舒.谈健美操在大学体育中的作用[J].体育函授,1996 年第 4 期.52
[13]中国教育改革和发展纲要[M].中共中央国务院.1993.2.13
[14]周涛.关于未来高校体育教师一专多能的理论思考[J].体育学刊,1998 第 1 期 100
[15]郭科明.关于 21 世纪我国高校体育师资队伍建设的探讨,新中国学校体育 50 年回顾与展望[J].2000 年
[16]周涛.普通高校健美操教材研究[J].中国学校体育,1998 年第 5 期. 112
[17]张明立.多元统计分析方法及程序在体育科学中的应用[M].北京体育学院出版社,1991.
[18]黄艳文,吴炜.高校健美操主教材教学中应注意的几个问题[J].上海体育学院学报,1999.2
[19]王晓,张国梅.健美操教学对提高大学生心理品质的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2001.3
[20]崔瑞雪.高校健美操教学初探[J].河北体育学院学报,2000.5
[21]张艳萍,葛会欣.大学健美操课实施“自主学练法”的实验研究[J].上海体育学院学报,2002.5
[22]刘庆春.关于普通高校健美操教学的几点思考[J].体育科研,1998.6
[23]陈忠英.对健美操“实践教学模式”培养学生创造能力的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报.2004年.第 2 期
[24]范大明,赵晓霞.健美操教学培养学生创新能力模式的研究与实践[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2003.7
[25]贡娟,李晓红.试论高校体育创新教育[J].体育科学,2000.7
[26]余靖.大众健美操对高校学生身心健康的影响[J].体育学刊,2002.9
[27]何艳芳.对创造性思维引入高校健美操教学的探讨[J].广东体育学院学报,2002.11
[28]张云华.高校健美操选修课课程体系的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2002,
[29]朱艳.健美操的健心价值与课堂教学初探[J].安徽警官职业技术学院学报,2005.3.1
[30]王雁玲,林建君.健美操选项课运动素质与考核成绩相关的研究[J].宁波大学学报,2002.6
[31]张艳霞.如何丰富普通高校健美操课堂教学[J].开封大学学报,2001.5
[32]周怀球,汤庆华.高校女生健美操教学现状及对策[J].岳阳师范学院学报,2002.1
[33]郑蕊.高校健美操对女生身体素质提高的作用[J].湖北体育科技,2003.5
[34]陈丽珊.关于拓展普通高校健美操课程教学内容的探析[J].福建师范大学学报,2002.8
[35]费淑艳.对高校普及健美操的可行性研究[J].辽宁体育科技, 2003.12
[36]Banathy,B.H.Innovation In Gym Education [M].American Council on Education and Oryx Press,2001.
[37]Zhang Tianbao.Encourage Innovation:The Core of Classroom Instruction Reform in the New Curriculum Curriculum[J].Teaching Material and Method,2004,(2).
[38]Biddle,S.J.H. Attribution research and sports psychology. In R,N,Singer et al (Ed.) Handbook of research on sport psychology [M]. New York: Macmillan press.1993
[39]H.T.A.Whiting&D.W.Materson: Readings in the Aesthetics of Sport, Lepus Books, don, 1974
[40]Morris,Andrew David.Cultivating the national body:A history of Physical culture in RePublican China[J].University of California,1998,(9).
[3]全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要[M].2002 年 8 月 6 日
[4]王则珊.青春健美秘诀[M].北京:北京体育学院出版社,1991 年第 1 版
[5]卢芬.浙江省普通高校艺术体操健美操发展历程的回顾与展望[J].浙江体育科学,1996 年第 4期: 28
[6]邓壁娟.我省部分高校女生健美操开展现状调查与分析[J].福建高校体育,1997 年第 4 期 65
[7]张绍程等.健美操[M].北京:北京体育学院出版社,1993 年第 1 版. 2
[8]黄宽柔等.形体健美与健美操[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997 年第 2 版. 28
[9]杨红等.实用健身健美操练习指南[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1997 年第 1 版.2
[10]娄琢玉.你想使形体更健美吗[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1989 年第 1 版,76
[11]刘庆春.试论健美操的审美因素及其构成法则[J].浙江体育科学,1998 年第 4 期.15
[12]格舒.谈健美操在大学体育中的作用[J].体育函授,1996 年第 4 期.52
[13]中国教育改革和发展纲要[M].中共中央国务院.1993.2.13
[14]周涛.关于未来高校体育教师一专多能的理论思考[J].体育学刊,1998 第 1 期 100
[15]郭科明.关于 21 世纪我国高校体育师资队伍建设的探讨,新中国学校体育 50 年回顾与展望[J].2000 年
[16]周涛.普通高校健美操教材研究[J].中国学校体育,1998 年第 5 期. 112
[17]张明立.多元统计分析方法及程序在体育科学中的应用[M].北京体育学院出版社,1991.
[18]黄艳文,吴炜.高校健美操主教材教学中应注意的几个问题[J].上海体育学院学报,1999.2
[19]王晓,张国梅.健美操教学对提高大学生心理品质的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2001.3
[20]崔瑞雪.高校健美操教学初探[J].河北体育学院学报,2000.5
[21]张艳萍,葛会欣.大学健美操课实施“自主学练法”的实验研究[J].上海体育学院学报,2002.5
[22]刘庆春.关于普通高校健美操教学的几点思考[J].体育科研,1998.6
[23]陈忠英.对健美操“实践教学模式”培养学生创造能力的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报.2004年.第 2 期
[24]范大明,赵晓霞.健美操教学培养学生创新能力模式的研究与实践[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2003.7
[25]贡娟,李晓红.试论高校体育创新教育[J].体育科学,2000.7
[26]余靖.大众健美操对高校学生身心健康的影响[J].体育学刊,2002.9
[27]何艳芳.对创造性思维引入高校健美操教学的探讨[J].广东体育学院学报,2002.11
[28]张云华.高校健美操选修课课程体系的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2002,
[29]朱艳.健美操的健心价值与课堂教学初探[J].安徽警官职业技术学院学报,2005.3.1
[30]王雁玲,林建君.健美操选项课运动素质与考核成绩相关的研究[J].宁波大学学报,2002.6
[31]张艳霞.如何丰富普通高校健美操课堂教学[J].开封大学学报,2001.5
[32]周怀球,汤庆华.高校女生健美操教学现状及对策[J].岳阳师范学院学报,2002.1
[33]郑蕊.高校健美操对女生身体素质提高的作用[J].湖北体育科技,2003.5
[34]陈丽珊.关于拓展普通高校健美操课程教学内容的探析[J].福建师范大学学报,2002.8
[35]费淑艳.对高校普及健美操的可行性研究[J].辽宁体育科技, 2003.12
[36]Banathy,B.H.Innovation In Gym Education [M].American Council on Education and Oryx Press,2001.
[37]Zhang Tianbao.Encourage Innovation:The Core of Classroom Instruction Reform in the New Curriculum Curriculum[J].Teaching Material and Method,2004,(2).
[38]Biddle,S.J.H. Attribution research and sports psychology. In R,N,Singer et al (Ed.) Handbook of research on sport psychology [M]. New York: Macmillan press.1993
[39]H.T.A.Whiting&D.W.Materson: Readings in the Aesthetics of Sport, Lepus Books, don, 1974
[40]Morris,Andrew David.Cultivating the national body:A history of Physical culture in RePublican China[J].University of California,1998,(9).