浙江省少年标枪运动员选材指标体系研究
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摘要
运动员科学选材是实施竞技体育人才战略的关键,系统科学的选材理论是实施运动员选材工作的基础和保障,没有完善的选材理论指导,就不可能成功实现建设竞技体育强者的战略目标。浙江省当前实施建设竞技体育强省目标的规划,给运动员科学选材的发展带来了重要契机。目前浙江省少年标枪运动员的科学选材研究还有待进一步完善,通过实地调查研究及相关文献综述研究表明:少年标枪运动员的选材指标内容不全面,定量易测指标较多,定性测量指标较少,测试指标内容较单一。本文在总结了运动员科学选材理论的基础上,运用文献资料法、特尔菲法、层次分析法、测试测量法以及逻辑分析法对少年标枪运动员的选材指标体系进行了系统研究。研究的基本步骤及主要内容如下:第一步运用文献资料法对少年标枪运动员的选材基础理进行了系统分析研究,指出运动员选材应以遗传学为基础,选择那些遗传度高且影响运动员竞技能力较大的指标,同时还应考虑生长发育因素的影响,避免那些提早发育的运动员入选。第二步对少年标枪运动员竞技能力影响因素进行系统分析研究,指出形态因素、素质因素、生理机能因素、技能因素、心智能力因素以及成绩因素是影响选材的关键因素。第三步运用特尔菲法确定了选材指标的内容,其中确定硬件选材指标24项,软件选材指标4项,皮纹类遗传指标4项,共计32项指标。第四步基于层次分析法原理构建了少年标枪运动员选材指标体系的递阶层次结构模型,并运用层次分析法软件解析了各项指标内容的权重系数。第五步实地测量浙江省优秀少年标枪运动员的选材指标数据,运用数据的正态分布原理制定了男女单项指标评分表,并针对选材的实施进行了综合评价分析。本研究的目的在于为浙江省的教练员在实施选材时提供一可行的理论参考。
Athlete selection is the key to sports talent strategy, which is based on the systematic and scientific selection theory. Without perfect theoretical guidance for selection, it is impossible for Zhejiang province to achieve the strategic goal of becoming a competitive province in sports, which has brought an important opportunity for the development of scientific Athlete selection. At present Scientific selection of Javelin athletes in Zhejiang Province should be further improved. A lot of research and related literature review show that the indicators of young Javelin athletes selection is not comprehensive, and there are more indexes in quantitative measurement than in qualitative measurement where the content of the indexes is unitary. Based on the theory of the scientific athlete selection, this paper has studied the system of young Javelin athletes selection indexes via literature review, Delphi method, AHP, logical analysis and tests and measurements. The steps of the research are as follows. The first step is the use of literature review on the basis of Javelin athletes theory that athlete selection should be the genetics-based selection, selection of those athletes with indexes of great genetic effect. The impact of growth factors should be also considered so that the premature players are not selected. Genetics-based selection and dermatoglyph selection are vital to athlete selection. The second step is the systematic analysis of the factors affecting competitive ability of Javelin athletes such as shape, quality, physiological function, skills, mental ability and achievements. The third step is the use of the Delphi method to determine the content of selection indexes, which identifies 24 indexes of hardware selection, 4 indexes of software selection, 4 indexes of genetics-based selection and dermatoglyph selection, altogether 32 indexes. The fourth step is the hierarchical structure modeling of the index system based on the AHP in which the weight factors of the various indexes are analysed with AHP software. Step five is the measurements of young elite Javelin athletes according to the selection index system and getting the relevant data. Through the normal distribution theory of the data ,the single-index score tables of male and female athletes are made, and the comprehensive indexes of athlete selection is analysed. This study aims to provide a theoretically viable reference for the coaches to select javelin athletes in Zhejiang Province.
Athlete selection is the key to sports talent strategy, which is based on the systematic and scientific selection theory. Without perfect theoretical guidance for selection, it is impossible for Zhejiang province to achieve the strategic goal of becoming a competitive province in sports, which has brought an important opportunity for the development of scientific Athlete selection. At present Scientific selection of Javelin athletes in Zhejiang Province should be further improved. A lot of research and related literature review show that the indicators of young Javelin athletes selection is not comprehensive, and there are more indexes in quantitative measurement than in qualitative measurement where the content of the indexes is unitary. Based on the theory of the scientific athlete selection, this paper has studied the system of young Javelin athletes selection indexes via literature review, Delphi method, AHP, logical analysis and tests and measurements. The steps of the research are as follows. The first step is the use of literature review on the basis of Javelin athletes theory that athlete selection should be the genetics-based selection, selection of those athletes with indexes of great genetic effect. The impact of growth factors should be also considered so that the premature players are not selected. Genetics-based selection and dermatoglyph selection are vital to athlete selection. The second step is the systematic analysis of the factors affecting competitive ability of Javelin athletes such as shape, quality, physiological function, skills, mental ability and achievements. The third step is the use of the Delphi method to determine the content of selection indexes, which identifies 24 indexes of hardware selection, 4 indexes of software selection, 4 indexes of genetics-based selection and dermatoglyph selection, altogether 32 indexes. The fourth step is the hierarchical structure modeling of the index system based on the AHP in which the weight factors of the various indexes are analysed with AHP software. Step five is the measurements of young elite Javelin athletes according to the selection index system and getting the relevant data. Through the normal distribution theory of the data ,the single-index score tables of male and female athletes are made, and the comprehensive indexes of athlete selection is analysed. This study aims to provide a theoretically viable reference for the coaches to select javelin athletes in Zhejiang Province.
引文
[1]王金灿.运动选材原理与方法[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005.6:3,61,92-93
[2]刘献武.《运动员选材学》简介[J].广州体育学院学报,1987,(2):52
[3]张伯愈.标枪运动员的选材[J].西北建筑工程学院学报,1987,(1):61-65
[4]李金香.标枪运动员的选材[J].山西师范大学学报,1995,(2):74-76
[5]吴世荣.少年标枪运动员的选材[J].安徽体育科技,1991,(2)
[6]张朝轶,孟平,龚秀芳.少年男子标枪运动员的选材[J].武汉体育学院学报,1998,(4):127
[7]何慧,杜振巍,董静.标枪运动员的选材和培养策略[J].体育科技文献通报,2007,(12)
[8]赵晓红.浙江省少年乙组标枪运动员身体形态现状与评价[J].浙江体育科学,2007,(6)
[9]张祖焕,俞世军.论骨龄在少年男子标枪运动员选材中的应用[J].浙江体育科学,2002,(2)
[10]钟添发,田麦久,王路德.运动员竞技能力模型与选材标准[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1994.19-20
[11]张春甫.对新世纪运动员科学选材发展趋势的探析[J].首都体育学院学报,2003,(3)
[12]郑如赐.论人素工程与体育科学选材[J].体育科技,1991,(3)
[13]池建,李元伟.运动选科学选材中几个重要问题的探讨[J].天津体育学院学报,1993,(1)
[14]董德龙.运动员选材相关指标分析与体系构建[J].湖北体育科技,2004,(2)
[15]茅鹏.运动训练新思路[M].北京:人民体育出版社出版,1994
[16]隗金水.试论运动员选材的导向目标[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,(3):66-69
[17]王金灿.当前运动选材研究的十大热点问题[J].武汉体育学院学报,2004,(4)
[18]郑晓鸿,吴铁桥.对运动员科学选材若干问题的思考[J].首都体育学院学报,2003(3)
[19]谢亚龙.论制胜规律及运动选材[J].福建体育科技,1990,(1)
[20]余竹生,沈勋章,朱学雷.运动员科学选材[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,2006.12:34,48,45,
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[22]谢燕群.运动员选材学[M].四川:四川体育出版社,1990.1:6,63
[23]邵紫菀,刘健生.皮纹与选材[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1989.6:59-64
[24]曾凡辉,王路德,邢文华.运动员科学选材[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1992:40
[25]体育院校成人协作组.运动训练学—体育院校函授教材[M].人民体育出版社,1999:239
[26]李红艳.我国艺术体操中级选材指标体系的初步构建[D].武汉市:华中师范大学,2003
[27]钟添发,田麦久,王路德.运动员竞技能力模型与选材标准[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1994:21
[28]张春甫.对新世纪运动员科学选材发展趋势的探析[J].首都体育学院学报,2003.15(3):23
[29]郝海,踪家峰.系统分析与评价方法[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007,12:117-150
[30]杨保安,张科静.多目标决策分析理论、方法与应用研究[M].东华大学出版社,2008:47-60
[31]刘兴堂,梁炳成,刘力.复杂系统建模理论、方法与技术[M].科学出版社,2008:46-51
[32]李卫华.层次分析法在运动员选材中的应用[J].吉首大学学报,1998,19(1):90-92
[33]吴翌辉,钟莉,浦云飞.AHP方法在艺术体操运动员中级选材中的应用[G].中华人民共和国第十届运动会科学大会论文摘要汇编,2005:157-158
[34]李大平.基于层次分析法对我国中长跑运动员选材体系的研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2007,33(3)
[35]王峰,王立生,赵瑞花.高水平足球运动员评价选优层次分析体系的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(3)
[36]魏尊军.黑龙江省青少年链球运动员科学选材指标体系的研究[D].长春市:东北师范大学,2009
[37]巴义名,朱荣辉.我国优秀男子拳击运动员选材指标体系的构建[J].上海体育学院学报,2008,32(6)
[38]龚循谦.中国跆拳道运动员选材指标体系的初步研究[D].南昌市:江西师范大学,2006
[39]王荣辉,张一民,任弘.我国跳水运动员竞技能力结构模型和选材指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2007,27(7)
[40]孙健.广东省业余柔道运动员选材指标体系构建的研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2009,29(1)
[2]刘献武.《运动员选材学》简介[J].广州体育学院学报,1987,(2):52
[3]张伯愈.标枪运动员的选材[J].西北建筑工程学院学报,1987,(1):61-65
[4]李金香.标枪运动员的选材[J].山西师范大学学报,1995,(2):74-76
[5]吴世荣.少年标枪运动员的选材[J].安徽体育科技,1991,(2)
[6]张朝轶,孟平,龚秀芳.少年男子标枪运动员的选材[J].武汉体育学院学报,1998,(4):127
[7]何慧,杜振巍,董静.标枪运动员的选材和培养策略[J].体育科技文献通报,2007,(12)
[8]赵晓红.浙江省少年乙组标枪运动员身体形态现状与评价[J].浙江体育科学,2007,(6)
[9]张祖焕,俞世军.论骨龄在少年男子标枪运动员选材中的应用[J].浙江体育科学,2002,(2)
[10]钟添发,田麦久,王路德.运动员竞技能力模型与选材标准[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1994.19-20
[11]张春甫.对新世纪运动员科学选材发展趋势的探析[J].首都体育学院学报,2003,(3)
[12]郑如赐.论人素工程与体育科学选材[J].体育科技,1991,(3)
[13]池建,李元伟.运动选科学选材中几个重要问题的探讨[J].天津体育学院学报,1993,(1)
[14]董德龙.运动员选材相关指标分析与体系构建[J].湖北体育科技,2004,(2)
[15]茅鹏.运动训练新思路[M].北京:人民体育出版社出版,1994
[16]隗金水.试论运动员选材的导向目标[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,(3):66-69
[17]王金灿.当前运动选材研究的十大热点问题[J].武汉体育学院学报,2004,(4)
[18]郑晓鸿,吴铁桥.对运动员科学选材若干问题的思考[J].首都体育学院学报,2003(3)
[19]谢亚龙.论制胜规律及运动选材[J].福建体育科技,1990,(1)
[20]余竹生,沈勋章,朱学雷.运动员科学选材[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,2006.12:34,48,45,
[21]李洁,陈仁伟.人体运动能力检测与评定[M].北京:人民体育出版社出版,2005.4:8-9,11,16,17,75
[22]谢燕群.运动员选材学[M].四川:四川体育出版社,1990.1:6,63
[23]邵紫菀,刘健生.皮纹与选材[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1989.6:59-64
[24]曾凡辉,王路德,邢文华.运动员科学选材[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1992:40
[25]体育院校成人协作组.运动训练学—体育院校函授教材[M].人民体育出版社,1999:239
[26]李红艳.我国艺术体操中级选材指标体系的初步构建[D].武汉市:华中师范大学,2003
[27]钟添发,田麦久,王路德.运动员竞技能力模型与选材标准[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1994:21
[28]张春甫.对新世纪运动员科学选材发展趋势的探析[J].首都体育学院学报,2003.15(3):23
[29]郝海,踪家峰.系统分析与评价方法[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007,12:117-150
[30]杨保安,张科静.多目标决策分析理论、方法与应用研究[M].东华大学出版社,2008:47-60
[31]刘兴堂,梁炳成,刘力.复杂系统建模理论、方法与技术[M].科学出版社,2008:46-51
[32]李卫华.层次分析法在运动员选材中的应用[J].吉首大学学报,1998,19(1):90-92
[33]吴翌辉,钟莉,浦云飞.AHP方法在艺术体操运动员中级选材中的应用[G].中华人民共和国第十届运动会科学大会论文摘要汇编,2005:157-158
[34]李大平.基于层次分析法对我国中长跑运动员选材体系的研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2007,33(3)
[35]王峰,王立生,赵瑞花.高水平足球运动员评价选优层次分析体系的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(3)
[36]魏尊军.黑龙江省青少年链球运动员科学选材指标体系的研究[D].长春市:东北师范大学,2009
[37]巴义名,朱荣辉.我国优秀男子拳击运动员选材指标体系的构建[J].上海体育学院学报,2008,32(6)
[38]龚循谦.中国跆拳道运动员选材指标体系的初步研究[D].南昌市:江西师范大学,2006
[39]王荣辉,张一民,任弘.我国跳水运动员竞技能力结构模型和选材指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2007,27(7)
[40]孙健.广东省业余柔道运动员选材指标体系构建的研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2009,29(1)