山东省东部沿海地区大众体育融入当地经济社会的发展模式研究
|
摘要
大众体育又称国民体育、社会体育、群众体育或业余体育,它是以健身、娱乐为目的,以有氧锻炼为主要方法,采用多种形式进行的体育活动。随着社会经济生活水平的提高,劳动时间的缩短,家务劳动的社会化、电气化程度的提高,使人们有了越来越多的闲暇时间。同时,饮食结构的改变,“三高”食物摄入的增多,以及高自动化程度、低体力消耗的劳动生产方式,带来了现代文明病,危及着人们的身体健康。大众体育需求的呼声在这种条件下达到了前所未有的高度。
大众体育从产生到现在一直是众多学者的研究热点。到目前为止,虽然对于大众体育的研究已进行多年,但究其研究内容来说,主要集中在大众体育本身,从各个不同的角度对大众体育的兴起、发展、特点、功能及发展趋势等作了较为详细的研究,而对大众体育与其他相关因素的互动关系研究则明显欠缺,而对于大众体育融入当地经济社会的研究则尚未见文献报导。山东省东部沿海地起属于山东省经济较为发达地区,山东省东部沿海地区大众体育融入当地经济社会的发展模式,对山东省大众体育融入经济社会全局具有重要价值。
为此,本文在了解山东省东部沿海地区大众体育和经济社会的发展程度的基础上,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和逻辑归纳法,探讨山东省东部沿海地区大众体育与经济社会发展互动关系,从理论上构建大众体育融入山东经济社会的发展模式,以期更好的促进两者的协调发展。
通过研究,初步得出结论如下:
1.山东省东部沿海地区良好的经济基础是当地大众体育兴起发展的基础因素;经济发展引发的社会问题则是大众体育兴起发展的决定因素;山东省东部沿海地区先进的文化背景成为当地大众体育兴起、发展的促进因素;政府对学校体育教育的良好政策加快了大众体育的发展。表明山东省东部沿海地区为大众体育提供了良好的发展平台。
2.山东省东部沿海地区居民大部分把强身健体放在第一位,主动参与的意识较强,反映出山东省东部沿海地区居民对大众体育的本质和功能有较明确地认识。
3.山东省东部沿海地区的锻炼人口老年人居多,且锻炼时间大多集中下班晚饭后,说明其体育人口老龄化,其他人群的参与性不足。
4.山东省东部沿海地区居民一般都习惯在不收费的健身路径进行锻炼活动,例如,公园、马路边等,在一定程度上反映出其大众体育设施相对简陋,不能满足居民锻炼需要。
5.山东省东部沿海地区居民锻炼活动大多以自发形式为主,而参与社团等组织的居民则主要因为其组织的活动少等原因对组织管理不满意。说明其大众体育的组织管理混乱,甚至处于无组织的状态。
6.山东省东部沿海地区居民活动项目以简单的身体活动为主,对于消费性的项目参与很少,而对于体育消费方式也大多集中在买运动服装上,说明其居民的消费意识相对落后,没有得到正确引导。
7.经济社会的发展促进了大众体育的发展,大众体育的发展也反过来对经济社会的发展提供了动力,因此,两者在融合上具有必要性和可行性。
8.构建山东省东部沿海地区大众体育融入当地经济社会的发展模式,在指导思想上,以“三个代表”重要思想为基本思想纲领,坚持“以人为本”,可持续发展与科学发展观;在目标体系上,则主要分为公共健康目标和公共社会目标两大部分。在内容体系上,确定了以中青年人群和学生为重点地实施对象,充分挖掘现有场地的潜力,综合利用新场地,提高大众体育设施的容量;在组织管理体系上,则主要是加大政府的组织力度,建立健全法规制度,并建立全面健身预警机制;在运作机制上,则从宏观上构建了政府与社会团体密切协作的新型的管理体制,推进了健身科学指导体系的建设。
The populace sports said that the national physical culture, the social sports, the mass sports or the extra-curricular sports, it is take fitness, the entertainment as the goal, take has the oxygen exercise as the main method, uses sports which many kinds of forms carry on. Along with the social economy living standard's enhancement, working time's reduction, housework's socialization, the electrification degree's enhancement, enabled the people to have more and more many leisure times. At the same time, diet structure change, "three high" food intake increase, as well as the high automaticitily, the low physical strength consumption's labor production way, has brought the modern diseases of civilization, is endangering people's health. The populace sports demand's call issued the unprecedented altitude in this kind of condition.
The populace sports from produces to the present has been the numerous scholar's research hot spots. So far, although has carried on many years regarding the populace sports' research, but investigated its research content, mainly concentrated in the populace sports itself, started, the development, the characteristic, the function and the trend of development from each different angle to the populace sports and so on has done more detailed research, but obviously was short to the populace sports with other correlation factor's interactive relations research, but integrated the local economic society's research regarding the populace sports not yet to see the literature report. The Shandong Province eastern littoral gets up belongs to a Shandong Province economy more developed area, the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports integrates the local economic society's development model, integrates the economic society overall situation to the Shandong Province populace sports to have the important value.
Therefore, this article in understood that the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports and in economic society's degree of development's foundation, the utilization literature material law, the logical induction and the questionnaire survey procedure, discuss the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports and the economic society develop the interactive relations, theoretically constructs the populace sports to integrate the Shandong economic society's development model, by time better promotion the both coordinated development.
Through the research, draws the conclusion to be as follows initially:
1. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas good economic basis is the local populace sports starts the development the foundation factor; The economic development initiation's social question is the populace sports starts the development the determining factor; The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas advanced cultural context becomes the local populace sports to start, the development contributing factor; The government sped up the populace sports development to the school sports education's good policy. Indicated that the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas have provided the good development platform for the populace sports.
2. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident majority strong and healthy body places first, initiative participation's consciousness is strong, reflected that becomes an official the chancellery East China's coastal areas resident has to the populace sports essence and the function knew explicitly
3. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas' exercise population senior citizen is in the majority, and after the exercise time mostly concentrates gets off work the dinner, explained that its sports aging of populations, other crowd's participation is bad.
4. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident is familiar with generally in the fitness way which does not collect fees carries on exercise, for example, the park, nearby the street and so on, reflected to a certain extent its populace sports facilities are relatively crude, cannot satisfy the resident to exercise the need.
5. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident exercises the activity mostly by the spontaneous form primarily, but participates in organization's and so on mass organization residents because mainly its organization's activity few and so on reasons manage to the organization not satisfied. Explained that its populace sports the organization manages chaotic, even is at the non-organization's condition.
6. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident moves the project by the simple bodily activity primarily, are very few regarding the consumption project participation, but also mostly concentrates regarding the sports expense way is buying the gym suit to install, explained that its resident's expense consciousness relative backwardness, has not been under the correct guidance.
7. Economic society's development promoted the populace sports development, the populace sports development also in turn to provide the power to economic society's development, therefore, both had the necessity and the feasibility in the fusion.
8. Constructs the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports to integrate the local economic society's development model, in the guiding principle, take ""The Three Represents"" the important thoughts as the basic philosophy guiding principle, insists "humanist", sustainable development and scientific development concept; In target complex, then mainly take develops the sports population and the establishment perfect good fitness way as the essential target. In the content system, had determined as implements the object with emphasis take the middle-aged crowd and the student, the full excavation existing location's potential, the comprehensive utilization new location, enhances the populace sports facilities the capacity; In the organization manages in the system, then mainly increases government's organization dynamics, establishes the perfect laws and regulations system, and establishes the comprehensive fitness early warning mechanism; In operation mechanism, then has constructed the government and the social group close cooperation new management system macroscopically, advanced the fitness science instruction system's construction.
大众体育从产生到现在一直是众多学者的研究热点。到目前为止,虽然对于大众体育的研究已进行多年,但究其研究内容来说,主要集中在大众体育本身,从各个不同的角度对大众体育的兴起、发展、特点、功能及发展趋势等作了较为详细的研究,而对大众体育与其他相关因素的互动关系研究则明显欠缺,而对于大众体育融入当地经济社会的研究则尚未见文献报导。山东省东部沿海地起属于山东省经济较为发达地区,山东省东部沿海地区大众体育融入当地经济社会的发展模式,对山东省大众体育融入经济社会全局具有重要价值。
为此,本文在了解山东省东部沿海地区大众体育和经济社会的发展程度的基础上,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和逻辑归纳法,探讨山东省东部沿海地区大众体育与经济社会发展互动关系,从理论上构建大众体育融入山东经济社会的发展模式,以期更好的促进两者的协调发展。
通过研究,初步得出结论如下:
1.山东省东部沿海地区良好的经济基础是当地大众体育兴起发展的基础因素;经济发展引发的社会问题则是大众体育兴起发展的决定因素;山东省东部沿海地区先进的文化背景成为当地大众体育兴起、发展的促进因素;政府对学校体育教育的良好政策加快了大众体育的发展。表明山东省东部沿海地区为大众体育提供了良好的发展平台。
2.山东省东部沿海地区居民大部分把强身健体放在第一位,主动参与的意识较强,反映出山东省东部沿海地区居民对大众体育的本质和功能有较明确地认识。
3.山东省东部沿海地区的锻炼人口老年人居多,且锻炼时间大多集中下班晚饭后,说明其体育人口老龄化,其他人群的参与性不足。
4.山东省东部沿海地区居民一般都习惯在不收费的健身路径进行锻炼活动,例如,公园、马路边等,在一定程度上反映出其大众体育设施相对简陋,不能满足居民锻炼需要。
5.山东省东部沿海地区居民锻炼活动大多以自发形式为主,而参与社团等组织的居民则主要因为其组织的活动少等原因对组织管理不满意。说明其大众体育的组织管理混乱,甚至处于无组织的状态。
6.山东省东部沿海地区居民活动项目以简单的身体活动为主,对于消费性的项目参与很少,而对于体育消费方式也大多集中在买运动服装上,说明其居民的消费意识相对落后,没有得到正确引导。
7.经济社会的发展促进了大众体育的发展,大众体育的发展也反过来对经济社会的发展提供了动力,因此,两者在融合上具有必要性和可行性。
8.构建山东省东部沿海地区大众体育融入当地经济社会的发展模式,在指导思想上,以“三个代表”重要思想为基本思想纲领,坚持“以人为本”,可持续发展与科学发展观;在目标体系上,则主要分为公共健康目标和公共社会目标两大部分。在内容体系上,确定了以中青年人群和学生为重点地实施对象,充分挖掘现有场地的潜力,综合利用新场地,提高大众体育设施的容量;在组织管理体系上,则主要是加大政府的组织力度,建立健全法规制度,并建立全面健身预警机制;在运作机制上,则从宏观上构建了政府与社会团体密切协作的新型的管理体制,推进了健身科学指导体系的建设。
The populace sports said that the national physical culture, the social sports, the mass sports or the extra-curricular sports, it is take fitness, the entertainment as the goal, take has the oxygen exercise as the main method, uses sports which many kinds of forms carry on. Along with the social economy living standard's enhancement, working time's reduction, housework's socialization, the electrification degree's enhancement, enabled the people to have more and more many leisure times. At the same time, diet structure change, "three high" food intake increase, as well as the high automaticitily, the low physical strength consumption's labor production way, has brought the modern diseases of civilization, is endangering people's health. The populace sports demand's call issued the unprecedented altitude in this kind of condition.
The populace sports from produces to the present has been the numerous scholar's research hot spots. So far, although has carried on many years regarding the populace sports' research, but investigated its research content, mainly concentrated in the populace sports itself, started, the development, the characteristic, the function and the trend of development from each different angle to the populace sports and so on has done more detailed research, but obviously was short to the populace sports with other correlation factor's interactive relations research, but integrated the local economic society's research regarding the populace sports not yet to see the literature report. The Shandong Province eastern littoral gets up belongs to a Shandong Province economy more developed area, the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports integrates the local economic society's development model, integrates the economic society overall situation to the Shandong Province populace sports to have the important value.
Therefore, this article in understood that the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports and in economic society's degree of development's foundation, the utilization literature material law, the logical induction and the questionnaire survey procedure, discuss the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports and the economic society develop the interactive relations, theoretically constructs the populace sports to integrate the Shandong economic society's development model, by time better promotion the both coordinated development.
Through the research, draws the conclusion to be as follows initially:
1. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas good economic basis is the local populace sports starts the development the foundation factor; The economic development initiation's social question is the populace sports starts the development the determining factor; The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas advanced cultural context becomes the local populace sports to start, the development contributing factor; The government sped up the populace sports development to the school sports education's good policy. Indicated that the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas have provided the good development platform for the populace sports.
2. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident majority strong and healthy body places first, initiative participation's consciousness is strong, reflected that becomes an official the chancellery East China's coastal areas resident has to the populace sports essence and the function knew explicitly
3. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas' exercise population senior citizen is in the majority, and after the exercise time mostly concentrates gets off work the dinner, explained that its sports aging of populations, other crowd's participation is bad.
4. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident is familiar with generally in the fitness way which does not collect fees carries on exercise, for example, the park, nearby the street and so on, reflected to a certain extent its populace sports facilities are relatively crude, cannot satisfy the resident to exercise the need.
5. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident exercises the activity mostly by the spontaneous form primarily, but participates in organization's and so on mass organization residents because mainly its organization's activity few and so on reasons manage to the organization not satisfied. Explained that its populace sports the organization manages chaotic, even is at the non-organization's condition.
6. The Shandong Province East China's coastal areas resident moves the project by the simple bodily activity primarily, are very few regarding the consumption project participation, but also mostly concentrates regarding the sports expense way is buying the gym suit to install, explained that its resident's expense consciousness relative backwardness, has not been under the correct guidance.
7. Economic society's development promoted the populace sports development, the populace sports development also in turn to provide the power to economic society's development, therefore, both had the necessity and the feasibility in the fusion.
8. Constructs the Shandong Province East China's coastal areas populace sports to integrate the local economic society's development model, in the guiding principle, take ""The Three Represents"" the important thoughts as the basic philosophy guiding principle, insists "humanist", sustainable development and scientific development concept; In target complex, then mainly take develops the sports population and the establishment perfect good fitness way as the essential target. In the content system, had determined as implements the object with emphasis take the middle-aged crowd and the student, the full excavation existing location's potential, the comprehensive utilization new location, enhances the populace sports facilities the capacity; In the organization manages in the system, then mainly increases government's organization dynamics, establishes the perfect laws and regulations system, and establishes the comprehensive fitness early warning mechanism; In operation mechanism, then has constructed the government and the social group close cooperation new management system macroscopically, advanced the fitness science instruction system's construction.
引文
[1]卢元镇.中国体育社会学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2001:113
[2]王赛时.山东沿海开发史[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2005;3
[1]公为刚,焦永海.大众体育概念和功能探析[J].山西师大体育学院学报研究生论文专刊第21卷2006年6月
[8]朱维娜,宋娜美.我国大众体育迅速发展的社会学思考[J].解放军体育学院学报,2003(3)
[1]徐亮,大众体育的起源、发展与功能效应之论略[J].河北体育学院学报.2003,3
11石培华.发腱体育产业更需要政策扶持[J].中国国情国力,2002,(7):35-37.
12陈颖川,吉建秋,吴明.大众体育主体归位的运行基础及其社会性建构研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2005(20)
13陈庆修.世界经济重心转向服务业[J].中国国情国力,2002,(9):25-27
14王程,张雁.大众体育:和谐社会的呼唤——论和谐社会下我国大众体育的发展[J].南京体育学院学报,2005,8
15陈东岗,刘文华.中国城市体育发展趋势和模式的思考[J].上海体育学院学报.2003,11(5)
16倪同云.国际大众体育现状及发展趋势[M].北京:国家体育总局群体司,1992.
17张虹.中国人口的老龄化与老年体育[J].咯什师范学院学报,2004,(3):69-71
18周芳.我国残疾人体育发展现状及影响因素分析[J].浙江体育科学,2005,(1):18-21.
[1]李超雄.21世纪我国大众体育的走向[J].体育科技,2005年(26)1
[2]孟辉.21世纪群众体育的发展与对策[J].山东体育科技,2003(3)
[3]刘华平.21世纪初的中国休闲体育[J].北京体育大学学报,2000(1)
[4]胡春兰.论休闲与休闲体育[J].体育与科学,2003(3)
[5]孙晓强.大众体育消费与经济相融[N].中国产经新闻,2002年10月22日第C22版
[6]金国祥.大众体育与和谐社会的融合[N].中国体育报,2004年12月30日第7版
[7]张强。论大众体育与和谐社会的融合[J].体育世界·学术,2007(7)
[8]汤国杰,大众体育锻炼行为研究综述[J].浙江体育科学,2006.12
[9]王赛时.山东沿海开发史[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2005:3
[10]卢元镇.社会体育学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:18
[11]卢元镇.中国体育社会学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2001:113
[12]政府工作报告——2007年2月9日在山东省第十届人民代表大会第五次会议上。
[13]山东省统计年鉴
[14]刘晨晔.21世纪人类社会的休闲化趋势与中国社会发展[J].社会学文摘卡(中国人民大学书报资料中心),2002,(1):39
[15]刘云、周兰君.现阶段我国城市居民体育锻炼环境状况分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2001,18(2):8-11.
[16]黄志坚.五年预测:中国青年消费八大趋势[J].中国青年研究,2001,74(4):40-42
[17]公为刚,焦永海.大众体育概念和功能探析[J].山西师大体育学院学报研究生论文专刊第21卷 2006年6月
[18]吕天郝,论中国西部体育发展与社会发展的双向互动[].山西师大体育学院学报.2001,12(4)
[19]朱维娜,宋娜美.我国大众体育迅速发展的社会学思考[J].解放军体育学院学报,2003(3)
[20]熊斗寅,从国际大众体育发展趋势展望我国全民健身计划的发展前景[J].体育科学,1998.3
[21]卢元振.社会体育导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:68-69.
[22]徐亮,大众体育的起源、发展与功能效应之论略[J].河北体育学院学报.2003,3
[23]卢元镇.中国体育社会学评说[M]北京体育大学出版社
[24][美]杰.科克利体育社会学[M]清华大学出版社2003
[25]石培华.发展体育产业更需要政策扶持[J].中国国情国力,2002,(7):35-37.
[26]陈颖川,吉建秋,吴明.大众体育主体归位的运行基础及其社会性建构研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2005(20)
[27]陈庆修.世界经济重心转向服务业[J].中国国情国力,2002,(9):25-27
[28]石成银,大众体育的基石——古希腊体育思想[J].皖西学院学报.2004,10
[29]王程,张雁.大众体育:和谐社会的呼唤———论和谐社会下我国大众体育的发展[J].南京体育学院学报,2005,8和可持续发展”[16]
[30]陈东岗,刘文华.中国城市体育发展趋势和模式的思考[J].上海体育学院学报.2003,11(5)
[31]倪同云.国际大众体育现状及发展趋势[M].北京:国家体育总局群体司,1992.
[32]严鹤柱.国外大众体育组织与管理的几个特点[J].国外体态,1996,18.6-9.
[33]杜利军.发展大众体育及其对策[A].国家体育信息研究所成果选集[C].北京:国家体育总局.1997.98-106.
[34]继川.执政为民、以人为本与体育工作[J].体育文化导刊,2004,(9):2-4,
[35]张虹.中国人口的老龄化与老年体育[J].咯什师范学院学报,2004,(3):69-71
[36]周芳.我国残疾人体育发展现状及影响因素分析[J].浙江体育科学,2005,(1):18-21.
[37]http://www.stats-sd.gov.cn/tjfx/tjfx.asp
[38]http://www.infobase.gov.cn/index.html
[39]丛湖平.体育经济学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004,8.124
[40]汪玲玲.关于提高体育场地设施利用率的对策研究[J].浙江体育科学,1999,21(3)
[41]常乃军,樊临虎.山西省全民健身可持续发展经济学研究[J].体育科学,2006,26(5)
[42]王念龙.试论中国传统文化思想与奥林匹克思想的共通性[J].体育科学研究,2003,(7)1
[43]张卫军.浅析中国传统文化对体育的消极影响[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版)2002(21)1
[44]陈永辉.现代文明城市对高校体育教育的导向[J].中国科技信息,2006,1
[45]易宝红.大众体育与电视文化辨析[J].体育文化导刊,2006,10
[46]卓汉容.努力学习“三个代表”重要思想,努力开创我院工作新局面[J].广东社会主义学院学报,2003,(4):6.
[47]万朝川页.大众体育必须以先进的文化思想作引导—“三个代表”重要思想是指导体育工作的基本思想纲领[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(S1):325-328
[48]仇军.中国体育人口的结构[J].中国体育科技,2002年(38)8
[49]张剑.坚持以人为本,加快社会体育发展步伐[J].体育科研.2005(26)4
[50]鲍明晓.经济学视野中的群众体育[J].体育科研.2005(26)3
[51]刘志民,丁燕华.经济与人类发展——对我国小城镇体育的实证研究[J].体育科研.2005(26)3
[52]王俊.我国休闲体育可持续发展的若干思考[J].武汉体育学院学报.2007(41)2
[53]王红.生命因休闲而精彩———如何正确认识休闲及构建休闲道德体系[J].中州学刊,2002(2):167-169
[2]王赛时.山东沿海开发史[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2005;3
[1]公为刚,焦永海.大众体育概念和功能探析[J].山西师大体育学院学报研究生论文专刊第21卷2006年6月
[8]朱维娜,宋娜美.我国大众体育迅速发展的社会学思考[J].解放军体育学院学报,2003(3)
[1]徐亮,大众体育的起源、发展与功能效应之论略[J].河北体育学院学报.2003,3
11石培华.发腱体育产业更需要政策扶持[J].中国国情国力,2002,(7):35-37.
12陈颖川,吉建秋,吴明.大众体育主体归位的运行基础及其社会性建构研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2005(20)
13陈庆修.世界经济重心转向服务业[J].中国国情国力,2002,(9):25-27
14王程,张雁.大众体育:和谐社会的呼唤——论和谐社会下我国大众体育的发展[J].南京体育学院学报,2005,8
15陈东岗,刘文华.中国城市体育发展趋势和模式的思考[J].上海体育学院学报.2003,11(5)
16倪同云.国际大众体育现状及发展趋势[M].北京:国家体育总局群体司,1992.
17张虹.中国人口的老龄化与老年体育[J].咯什师范学院学报,2004,(3):69-71
18周芳.我国残疾人体育发展现状及影响因素分析[J].浙江体育科学,2005,(1):18-21.
[1]李超雄.21世纪我国大众体育的走向[J].体育科技,2005年(26)1
[2]孟辉.21世纪群众体育的发展与对策[J].山东体育科技,2003(3)
[3]刘华平.21世纪初的中国休闲体育[J].北京体育大学学报,2000(1)
[4]胡春兰.论休闲与休闲体育[J].体育与科学,2003(3)
[5]孙晓强.大众体育消费与经济相融[N].中国产经新闻,2002年10月22日第C22版
[6]金国祥.大众体育与和谐社会的融合[N].中国体育报,2004年12月30日第7版
[7]张强。论大众体育与和谐社会的融合[J].体育世界·学术,2007(7)
[8]汤国杰,大众体育锻炼行为研究综述[J].浙江体育科学,2006.12
[9]王赛时.山东沿海开发史[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2005:3
[10]卢元镇.社会体育学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:18
[11]卢元镇.中国体育社会学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2001:113
[12]政府工作报告——2007年2月9日在山东省第十届人民代表大会第五次会议上。
[13]山东省统计年鉴
[14]刘晨晔.21世纪人类社会的休闲化趋势与中国社会发展[J].社会学文摘卡(中国人民大学书报资料中心),2002,(1):39
[15]刘云、周兰君.现阶段我国城市居民体育锻炼环境状况分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2001,18(2):8-11.
[16]黄志坚.五年预测:中国青年消费八大趋势[J].中国青年研究,2001,74(4):40-42
[17]公为刚,焦永海.大众体育概念和功能探析[J].山西师大体育学院学报研究生论文专刊第21卷 2006年6月
[18]吕天郝,论中国西部体育发展与社会发展的双向互动[].山西师大体育学院学报.2001,12(4)
[19]朱维娜,宋娜美.我国大众体育迅速发展的社会学思考[J].解放军体育学院学报,2003(3)
[20]熊斗寅,从国际大众体育发展趋势展望我国全民健身计划的发展前景[J].体育科学,1998.3
[21]卢元振.社会体育导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:68-69.
[22]徐亮,大众体育的起源、发展与功能效应之论略[J].河北体育学院学报.2003,3
[23]卢元镇.中国体育社会学评说[M]北京体育大学出版社
[24][美]杰.科克利体育社会学[M]清华大学出版社2003
[25]石培华.发展体育产业更需要政策扶持[J].中国国情国力,2002,(7):35-37.
[26]陈颖川,吉建秋,吴明.大众体育主体归位的运行基础及其社会性建构研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2005(20)
[27]陈庆修.世界经济重心转向服务业[J].中国国情国力,2002,(9):25-27
[28]石成银,大众体育的基石——古希腊体育思想[J].皖西学院学报.2004,10
[29]王程,张雁.大众体育:和谐社会的呼唤———论和谐社会下我国大众体育的发展[J].南京体育学院学报,2005,8和可持续发展”[16]
[30]陈东岗,刘文华.中国城市体育发展趋势和模式的思考[J].上海体育学院学报.2003,11(5)
[31]倪同云.国际大众体育现状及发展趋势[M].北京:国家体育总局群体司,1992.
[32]严鹤柱.国外大众体育组织与管理的几个特点[J].国外体态,1996,18.6-9.
[33]杜利军.发展大众体育及其对策[A].国家体育信息研究所成果选集[C].北京:国家体育总局.1997.98-106.
[34]继川.执政为民、以人为本与体育工作[J].体育文化导刊,2004,(9):2-4,
[35]张虹.中国人口的老龄化与老年体育[J].咯什师范学院学报,2004,(3):69-71
[36]周芳.我国残疾人体育发展现状及影响因素分析[J].浙江体育科学,2005,(1):18-21.
[37]http://www.stats-sd.gov.cn/tjfx/tjfx.asp
[38]http://www.infobase.gov.cn/index.html
[39]丛湖平.体育经济学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004,8.124
[40]汪玲玲.关于提高体育场地设施利用率的对策研究[J].浙江体育科学,1999,21(3)
[41]常乃军,樊临虎.山西省全民健身可持续发展经济学研究[J].体育科学,2006,26(5)
[42]王念龙.试论中国传统文化思想与奥林匹克思想的共通性[J].体育科学研究,2003,(7)1
[43]张卫军.浅析中国传统文化对体育的消极影响[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版)2002(21)1
[44]陈永辉.现代文明城市对高校体育教育的导向[J].中国科技信息,2006,1
[45]易宝红.大众体育与电视文化辨析[J].体育文化导刊,2006,10
[46]卓汉容.努力学习“三个代表”重要思想,努力开创我院工作新局面[J].广东社会主义学院学报,2003,(4):6.
[47]万朝川页.大众体育必须以先进的文化思想作引导—“三个代表”重要思想是指导体育工作的基本思想纲领[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(S1):325-328
[48]仇军.中国体育人口的结构[J].中国体育科技,2002年(38)8
[49]张剑.坚持以人为本,加快社会体育发展步伐[J].体育科研.2005(26)4
[50]鲍明晓.经济学视野中的群众体育[J].体育科研.2005(26)3
[51]刘志民,丁燕华.经济与人类发展——对我国小城镇体育的实证研究[J].体育科研.2005(26)3
[52]王俊.我国休闲体育可持续发展的若干思考[J].武汉体育学院学报.2007(41)2
[53]王红.生命因休闲而精彩———如何正确认识休闲及构建休闲道德体系[J].中州学刊,2002(2):167-169