蓝牙底层协议的仿真与实验
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摘要
蓝牙技术作为一个全球统一的无线通信标准，在于建立通用的低功耗，低成本无线电空中接口及其控制软件的公开标准，使通信和计算机进一步结合，使不同厂家生产的便携式设备在没有电线或电缆相互连接的情况下，能在近距离范围内具有互用、相互操作的性能。因此其协议成为这项技术的灵魂所在。
本文以蓝牙规范1.1版本为基础，论述了蓝牙规范的完整框架，进而详细分析了蓝牙底层协议栈的具体内容。在此基础上，依据同步数据流仿真模型及其他相关电路仿真方法，评估了理想蓝牙系统前端射频调制技术的性能和在不同信道中的传输抗干扰性能。然后设计了PC机间点对点蓝牙无线互联实验系统，并分别从硬件模块和软件模块详细讨论了实现系统的方法和步骤。通过对实验结果的分析，提出了实验系统有待改进的地方。最后讨论了蓝牙技术目前的瓶颈，解决方法和未来。
As a telecommunication protocol, Bluetooth wireless technology ensures
communication compatibility worldwide. It provides an open-standard of wireless
interface and control software with a low-cost, low-power consumption solution. With
industry-wide support, Bluetooth wireless technology allows you free from wired
connections - enabling links between mobile computers, mobile phones, portable
bandheld devices, and connectivity to the Internet. Above all, the protocol is the soul
of Bluetooth wireless technology.
This thesis presents an analysis on the wholesome framework of specification of
Bluetooth technology, based on the 510 Bluetooth specification version 1.1. A
detailed analysis on lower-layer protocols of Bluetooth technology is then given. The
performance of radio-frequency modulation at Bluetooth front-end is estimated using
the simulation module of synchronal dataflow and others. The performance of
transmission anti-interface in different channels is also simulated using Agilent ADS,
one of the most powerful industrial EDA simulation software. Experimental PC-to-PC
wireless interconnection system using Bluetooth technology has been designed and
established. The optimization methods of the experimental system are given after
analyzing the results of the experiment. Finally, a discussion on the bottleneck and solution,
as well as the future of Bluetooth technology is presented.
本文以蓝牙规范1.1版本为基础，论述了蓝牙规范的完整框架，进而详细分析了蓝牙底层协议栈的具体内容。在此基础上，依据同步数据流仿真模型及其他相关电路仿真方法，评估了理想蓝牙系统前端射频调制技术的性能和在不同信道中的传输抗干扰性能。然后设计了PC机间点对点蓝牙无线互联实验系统，并分别从硬件模块和软件模块详细讨论了实现系统的方法和步骤。通过对实验结果的分析，提出了实验系统有待改进的地方。最后讨论了蓝牙技术目前的瓶颈，解决方法和未来。
As a telecommunication protocol, Bluetooth wireless technology ensures
communication compatibility worldwide. It provides an open-standard of wireless
interface and control software with a low-cost, low-power consumption solution. With
industry-wide support, Bluetooth wireless technology allows you free from wired
connections - enabling links between mobile computers, mobile phones, portable
bandheld devices, and connectivity to the Internet. Above all, the protocol is the soul
of Bluetooth wireless technology.
This thesis presents an analysis on the wholesome framework of specification of
Bluetooth technology, based on the 510 Bluetooth specification version 1.1. A
detailed analysis on lower-layer protocols of Bluetooth technology is then given. The
performance of radio-frequency modulation at Bluetooth front-end is estimated using
the simulation module of synchronal dataflow and others. The performance of
transmission anti-interface in different channels is also simulated using Agilent ADS,
one of the most powerful industrial EDA simulation software. Experimental PC-to-PC
wireless interconnection system using Bluetooth technology has been designed and
established. The optimization methods of the experimental system are given after
analyzing the results of the experiment. Finally, a discussion on the bottleneck and solution,
as well as the future of Bluetooth technology is presented.
引文
【1】Bluetooth SIG groups, "Core Specification of the bluetooth system version 1.1", http://www.bluetooth.com/
【2】Bluetooth SIG groups, "Profiles Definition of the bluetooth system version 1.1", http://www.bluetooth.com/
【3】金纯 许光辰 孙睿 《蓝牙技术》 电子工业出版社 2001
【4】J. Haartsen, "BLUETOOTH-the universal radio interface for ad-hoc, wireless connectivity." Ericsson Review, No.3, 1998
【5】Nathan J．Muller著 《蓝牙揭秘(影印本)》 人民邮电出版社 2001
【6】张禄林 雷春娟 朗晓虹 《蓝牙协议及其实现》 人民邮电出版社 2001
【7】萧伟 杨涛 “蓝牙核心技术” 电信科学 2001年第1期
【8】J. Haartsen, "The Bluetooth radio system," IEEE Personal Communications, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, Feb. 2000, pp. 28-36.
【9】Mobilian Corporation." Wi-Fi (802.11b) and Bluetooth: An Examination of Coexistence Approaches", 2001.
【10】何荣森 王宏宝等 “蓝牙技术及其硬件设计” 电子技术 2001，4
【11】陆芳 “蓝牙技术及其通信安全” 电信技术研究．2001，5
【12】唐寅 王蔚然 “蓝牙系统及其实现技术” 无线电工程．2001，3
【13】George H. Forman and John Zahorjan, "The Challenges of Mobile Computing", IEEE Computer 27, 4(April 1994), pp.38-47.
【14】鲁效 何乐年等 “利用蓝牙技术组建无线办公网络” 现代电信科技．2001，3
【15】L. Zhou and Z.J. Haas, "Securing Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 13, no.6, November/December 1999
【16】Senese，B Yikun，W．“蓝牙实现技术” 无线电工程．2000，5
【17】蓝牙集团 “窥探蓝牙技术” 数字通信．2000，4
【18】Yongguang Zhang and Wenke Lee. "Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks". Proceedings of The Sixth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2000), Boston, MA, August 2000.
【19】P. Johansson, M. Kazantidis, R. Kapoor, and M. Gerla, "Bluetooth: An Enabler for Personal Area Networking," IEEE Networks, pp.28-37, Sept/Oct 2001.
【20】曹冲 “蓝牙技术的发展现状和应用前景” 无线电工程．2001，3
【21】彭雪海 张宏科 “IP包在蓝牙网络上的传输方案” 现代电信科技．2001，4
【22】Anurag Kumar, "Comparative Performance Analysis of Versions of TCP in Local Network with a Lossy Link," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 6, no. 4, August 1998.
【23】Homayoun Hashemi, "The Indoor Radio Propagation Channel," Proceedings of The IEEE, vol. 81, no. 7, pp.943-968, July 1993.
【24】T. S. Rappaport and C. D. McGillem, "UHF Fading in Factories," IEEE JSAC, vol. 7, no. 1, pp.40-48, January 1989.
【25】Robert J.C. Bultitude, "Measurement, Characterisation and Modelling of Indoor 800/900 MHz Radio Channels for Digital Communications," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 25, pp.5-12, June 1987.
【26】Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996.
【27】Pravin Bhagwat, "Bluetooth vs. 802.11". Presented at Hot Interconnects, August 2001.
【28】J. Broch, D. Maltz, D. Johnson, Y. Hu, J. Jetcheva, "A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols," Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98).
【29】Bluetooth White "A Short description of Bluetooth". http://www.swedetrack.com/usbluel.htm.
【30】吴永忠 谢华等 “蓝牙技术综述” 微型机与应用．2001，6
【31】井雅 徐晓东等 “Bluetooth协议模型及应用” 通信技术．2001，5．
【32】H. S. Wang and N. Moayeri, "Finite-State Markov Channel-A Useful_Model for Radio Communication Channels," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 44, no. 1, pp.163-171, February 1995.
[33] M. Zorzi, R.R. Rao, and L.B. Milstein, "On the Accuracy of a Firstorder Markov Model for Data Transmission on Fading Channels," in Proc. IEEE ICUPC'95, November 1995, pp. 211-215．
[34] 蒙移发 高强等“Bluetooth协议栈一致性测试”计算机工程，2001,6
[35] Pravin Bhagwat, "Personal Area Networking Using Bluetooth". Presented at Mobicom 2000．
[36] D. Johnson, D. Maltz "Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks," chapter 5, pp.153-179, Mobile Computing, T. Imelinski and H. Korth, eds. Kluwer academic Publishers.
[37] J. B. Dennis, First Version Data Flow Procedure Language, Technical Memo MAC TM61, May 1975, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.
[38] EA. Lee and D. G Messerschmitt, "Static Scheduling of Synchronous Data Flow Programs for Digital Signal Processing," IEEE Trans, on Computers, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 24-35, January 1987．
[39] E.A. Lee and D. G Messerschmitt, "Synchronous Data Flow," Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 1235-1245, September 1987．
[40] R.M. Karp and R. E. Miller, "Properties of a Model for Parallel Computations: Determinancy, Termination, Queueing," SIAM Journal, vol. 14, pp. 1390-1411, November 1966．
【2】Bluetooth SIG groups, "Profiles Definition of the bluetooth system version 1.1", http://www.bluetooth.com/
【3】金纯 许光辰 孙睿 《蓝牙技术》 电子工业出版社 2001
【4】J. Haartsen, "BLUETOOTH-the universal radio interface for ad-hoc, wireless connectivity." Ericsson Review, No.3, 1998
【5】Nathan J．Muller著 《蓝牙揭秘(影印本)》 人民邮电出版社 2001
【6】张禄林 雷春娟 朗晓虹 《蓝牙协议及其实现》 人民邮电出版社 2001
【7】萧伟 杨涛 “蓝牙核心技术” 电信科学 2001年第1期
【8】J. Haartsen, "The Bluetooth radio system," IEEE Personal Communications, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, Feb. 2000, pp. 28-36.
【9】Mobilian Corporation." Wi-Fi (802.11b) and Bluetooth: An Examination of Coexistence Approaches", 2001.
【10】何荣森 王宏宝等 “蓝牙技术及其硬件设计” 电子技术 2001，4
【11】陆芳 “蓝牙技术及其通信安全” 电信技术研究．2001，5
【12】唐寅 王蔚然 “蓝牙系统及其实现技术” 无线电工程．2001，3
【13】George H. Forman and John Zahorjan, "The Challenges of Mobile Computing", IEEE Computer 27, 4(April 1994), pp.38-47.
【14】鲁效 何乐年等 “利用蓝牙技术组建无线办公网络” 现代电信科技．2001，3
【15】L. Zhou and Z.J. Haas, "Securing Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 13, no.6, November/December 1999
【16】Senese，B Yikun，W．“蓝牙实现技术” 无线电工程．2000，5
【17】蓝牙集团 “窥探蓝牙技术” 数字通信．2000，4
【18】Yongguang Zhang and Wenke Lee. "Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks". Proceedings of The Sixth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2000), Boston, MA, August 2000.
【19】P. Johansson, M. Kazantidis, R. Kapoor, and M. Gerla, "Bluetooth: An Enabler for Personal Area Networking," IEEE Networks, pp.28-37, Sept/Oct 2001.
【20】曹冲 “蓝牙技术的发展现状和应用前景” 无线电工程．2001，3
【21】彭雪海 张宏科 “IP包在蓝牙网络上的传输方案” 现代电信科技．2001，4
【22】Anurag Kumar, "Comparative Performance Analysis of Versions of TCP in Local Network with a Lossy Link," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 6, no. 4, August 1998.
【23】Homayoun Hashemi, "The Indoor Radio Propagation Channel," Proceedings of The IEEE, vol. 81, no. 7, pp.943-968, July 1993.
【24】T. S. Rappaport and C. D. McGillem, "UHF Fading in Factories," IEEE JSAC, vol. 7, no. 1, pp.40-48, January 1989.
【25】Robert J.C. Bultitude, "Measurement, Characterisation and Modelling of Indoor 800/900 MHz Radio Channels for Digital Communications," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 25, pp.5-12, June 1987.
【26】Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996.
【27】Pravin Bhagwat, "Bluetooth vs. 802.11". Presented at Hot Interconnects, August 2001.
【28】J. Broch, D. Maltz, D. Johnson, Y. Hu, J. Jetcheva, "A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols," Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98).
【29】Bluetooth White "A Short description of Bluetooth". http://www.swedetrack.com/usbluel.htm.
【30】吴永忠 谢华等 “蓝牙技术综述” 微型机与应用．2001，6
【31】井雅 徐晓东等 “Bluetooth协议模型及应用” 通信技术．2001，5．
【32】H. S. Wang and N. Moayeri, "Finite-State Markov Channel-A Useful_Model for Radio Communication Channels," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 44, no. 1, pp.163-171, February 1995.
[33] M. Zorzi, R.R. Rao, and L.B. Milstein, "On the Accuracy of a Firstorder Markov Model for Data Transmission on Fading Channels," in Proc. IEEE ICUPC'95, November 1995, pp. 211-215．
[34] 蒙移发 高强等“Bluetooth协议栈一致性测试”计算机工程，2001,6
[35] Pravin Bhagwat, "Personal Area Networking Using Bluetooth". Presented at Mobicom 2000．
[36] D. Johnson, D. Maltz "Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks," chapter 5, pp.153-179, Mobile Computing, T. Imelinski and H. Korth, eds. Kluwer academic Publishers.
[37] J. B. Dennis, First Version Data Flow Procedure Language, Technical Memo MAC TM61, May 1975, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.
[38] EA. Lee and D. G Messerschmitt, "Static Scheduling of Synchronous Data Flow Programs for Digital Signal Processing," IEEE Trans, on Computers, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 24-35, January 1987．
[39] E.A. Lee and D. G Messerschmitt, "Synchronous Data Flow," Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 1235-1245, September 1987．
[40] R.M. Karp and R. E. Miller, "Properties of a Model for Parallel Computations: Determinancy, Termination, Queueing," SIAM Journal, vol. 14, pp. 1390-1411, November 1966．