指纹识别技术相关算法的研究
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摘要
随着计算机图像处理和模式识别等相关技术的不断发展,生物识别技术得到了越来越广泛的应用。指纹具有唯一性、终身不变性、便于采样及可靠性高等优点,已经成为个人身份认证最有效的手段之一,是具有法律效力的生物特征。目前,自动指纹识别系统的通用算法发展已较成熟,但对低质量指纹的识别效果仍然难以令人满意。本文针对自动指纹识别系统的一些关键技术进行了深入的研究,主要工作及创新点如下：
1.针对ZS细化法存在的缺陷,提出了改进的ZS细化方法
自动指纹识别系统中的一个关键的预处理步骤是指纹细化,其目的是得到单像素宽及八连接的指纹纹线细化图像。ZS指纹细化算法是并行算法的一种,具有细化速度快的优点,但也存在处理倾斜指纹纹线时,无法得到单像素宽细化结果的不足之处。本文对ZS细化算法(又称快速法)进行了改进,通过增加一组消除模板,使算法更好地处理指纹纹线,尤其是倾斜纹线的细化,得到更优化的细化结果,并进一步提高了指纹特征节点提取正确率。
2.提出了基于改进型Gabor滤波器的指纹图像增强算法
很多指纹图像的质量都很差,根据统计,指纹识别应用系统所处理的指纹图像中,大约10%为低质量图像。为了保证系统能够很好的处理质量偏差的指纹图像,对图像进行增强是十分必要的。Gabor滤波器所具有的一些特点,使其成为图像增强的一个很好的工具。本文利用Gabor滤波器在频域和空域的一些相关特性,动态地确定滤波器参数和频域带宽,并在频域实现了图像滤波增强。实验结果表明,滤波后的指纹图像取得了较好的增强效果。
3.提出并实现了基于改进型的加速遗传算法的全局点模式指纹匹配
在指纹匹配过程中,针对标准遗传算法存在收敛速度慢及容易“早熟”等现象,提出了加速遗传算法,通过在迭代过程中逐步缩小种群规模及优秀个体数目,降低突变概率并尽量选择高适应值个体,使得匹配过程快速收敛于全局最优解。实验结果证明改进的算法提高了指纹匹配的速度及准确性。
Along with the development of the computer image processing and pattern recognition technology, biometrics identification teconology, the method to determine the identity of a person using his unique physiological features has been developed rapidly. Fingerprint, as a unique, stable, easy to sample and highly reliable physiological feature of human being, has become the most effective means on personal identity, and is the only biological characteristics admissible in court too. Currently, the development of the automatic fingerprint identification system algorithm is relatively mature, but the low-quality fingerprint identification technology is still unsatisfactory. In this paper, some in-depth researches on the key areas of fingerprint recognition technology have been conducted and the following main work and innovations are executed:
1. An improved ZS method is proposed
A critical and Indispensable step of an Automatic Fingerprint Identification System is fingerprint image thinning. Many algorithms have been devised and applied trying to obtain one pixel wide and8neighbors connected thinning results. The ZS algorithm is a parallel thinning algorithm which has fast converge speed, but it also has some problems such as distortion of the fingerprint ridge, incapability of gaining one-pixel wide skeleton. In this paper, a method of improving the thinning result through adding eliminate structure templates is proposed. The algorithm will solve the problems without extra time cost. as a result, the more effective fingerprint minutiae points could be extracted.
2. A Gabor filter based fingerprint image enhancement algorithmon is proposed
Many fingerprint images are with poor quality, according to statistics, about10%of the fingerprint images are low quality images. In order to make sure that the system could process the poor quality fingerprint images, the image enhancement step is necessary. Gabor wavelet filter has some good features which makes it a good image enhancement tools. In this paper, through making good use of some properties Gabor filter have both in frequency and spatial domain, an algorithm is proposed to determine the parameters and the filter frequence bandwidth, and finally achieve Gabor filter enhancement in frequency domain. The Experiments show that the proposed filter could achieve a good fingerprint image enhancement result.
3. A global point pattern matching method based on accelerating genetic algorithm is implemented
One of the most important phases is the fingerprint match. In this paper, accelerating genetic algorithm is presented in order to avoid the low efficiency and premature convergence of Standard Genetic Algorithm. The proposed algorithm could make the matching process converge rapidly to the global optimal solution through narrowing down the population size and the number of best individuals step by step, reducing the probability of mutation, and trying to select individuals with higher fitness. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm could enhance the accuracy of fingerprint matching with less time cost.
1.针对ZS细化法存在的缺陷,提出了改进的ZS细化方法
自动指纹识别系统中的一个关键的预处理步骤是指纹细化,其目的是得到单像素宽及八连接的指纹纹线细化图像。ZS指纹细化算法是并行算法的一种,具有细化速度快的优点,但也存在处理倾斜指纹纹线时,无法得到单像素宽细化结果的不足之处。本文对ZS细化算法(又称快速法)进行了改进,通过增加一组消除模板,使算法更好地处理指纹纹线,尤其是倾斜纹线的细化,得到更优化的细化结果,并进一步提高了指纹特征节点提取正确率。
2.提出了基于改进型Gabor滤波器的指纹图像增强算法
很多指纹图像的质量都很差,根据统计,指纹识别应用系统所处理的指纹图像中,大约10%为低质量图像。为了保证系统能够很好的处理质量偏差的指纹图像,对图像进行增强是十分必要的。Gabor滤波器所具有的一些特点,使其成为图像增强的一个很好的工具。本文利用Gabor滤波器在频域和空域的一些相关特性,动态地确定滤波器参数和频域带宽,并在频域实现了图像滤波增强。实验结果表明,滤波后的指纹图像取得了较好的增强效果。
3.提出并实现了基于改进型的加速遗传算法的全局点模式指纹匹配
在指纹匹配过程中,针对标准遗传算法存在收敛速度慢及容易“早熟”等现象,提出了加速遗传算法,通过在迭代过程中逐步缩小种群规模及优秀个体数目,降低突变概率并尽量选择高适应值个体,使得匹配过程快速收敛于全局最优解。实验结果证明改进的算法提高了指纹匹配的速度及准确性。
Along with the development of the computer image processing and pattern recognition technology, biometrics identification teconology, the method to determine the identity of a person using his unique physiological features has been developed rapidly. Fingerprint, as a unique, stable, easy to sample and highly reliable physiological feature of human being, has become the most effective means on personal identity, and is the only biological characteristics admissible in court too. Currently, the development of the automatic fingerprint identification system algorithm is relatively mature, but the low-quality fingerprint identification technology is still unsatisfactory. In this paper, some in-depth researches on the key areas of fingerprint recognition technology have been conducted and the following main work and innovations are executed:
1. An improved ZS method is proposed
A critical and Indispensable step of an Automatic Fingerprint Identification System is fingerprint image thinning. Many algorithms have been devised and applied trying to obtain one pixel wide and8neighbors connected thinning results. The ZS algorithm is a parallel thinning algorithm which has fast converge speed, but it also has some problems such as distortion of the fingerprint ridge, incapability of gaining one-pixel wide skeleton. In this paper, a method of improving the thinning result through adding eliminate structure templates is proposed. The algorithm will solve the problems without extra time cost. as a result, the more effective fingerprint minutiae points could be extracted.
2. A Gabor filter based fingerprint image enhancement algorithmon is proposed
Many fingerprint images are with poor quality, according to statistics, about10%of the fingerprint images are low quality images. In order to make sure that the system could process the poor quality fingerprint images, the image enhancement step is necessary. Gabor wavelet filter has some good features which makes it a good image enhancement tools. In this paper, through making good use of some properties Gabor filter have both in frequency and spatial domain, an algorithm is proposed to determine the parameters and the filter frequence bandwidth, and finally achieve Gabor filter enhancement in frequency domain. The Experiments show that the proposed filter could achieve a good fingerprint image enhancement result.
3. A global point pattern matching method based on accelerating genetic algorithm is implemented
One of the most important phases is the fingerprint match. In this paper, accelerating genetic algorithm is presented in order to avoid the low efficiency and premature convergence of Standard Genetic Algorithm. The proposed algorithm could make the matching process converge rapidly to the global optimal solution through narrowing down the population size and the number of best individuals step by step, reducing the probability of mutation, and trying to select individuals with higher fitness. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm could enhance the accuracy of fingerprint matching with less time cost.
引文
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