热镀锌DP780双相钢的选择性氧化行为研究
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摘要
汽车车身轻量化作为一种有效地降低汽车燃油消耗的方式,目前受到国内外广泛的关注。车身轻量化通过采用先进高强度钢使得钢板减薄,大幅减轻车身重量的同时保证其安全性。双相钢占到了先进高强度钢使用量的74%,成为了使用比例最大的一种钢种。
双相钢在汽车车身上使用时,为增强车身的耐蚀能力,其表面必须镀上一层锌。双相钢在进行连续热镀锌时,钢中添加的合金元素在退火过程中容易发生选择性氧化,在钢板表面生成大量的氧化物。这些氧化物与锌液之间的浸润性较差,容易造成漏镀和镀层附着力差的问题。因此,对合金元素的选择性氧化行为及其氧化物进行研究,是提高热镀锌双相钢镀层质量的重要基础工作。本论文针对DP780级别双相钢,对影响其合金元素选择性氧化的各种工艺参数进行了研究,分析了氧化物在基体/锌液界面处与有效Al的反应及其对抑制层形貌的影响,取得了一些对于双相钢热镀锌具有重要意义的创新成果。
研究了退火时间和退火温度的变化对合金元素选择性氧化的影响。结果表明：退火时间的延长(45s-120s)和退火温度的升高(780℃～840℃),增加了双相钢表面氧化物的密度和颗粒体积,同时使得抑制层中出现粗大的Fe-Al相晶粒。退火时间和退火温度的变化不影响表面氧化物的种类。
退火过程中不同的合金元素向表面的扩散行为有较大差异。Mn元素有强烈地向表面扩散的趋势,容易在表面发生浓度富集；Cr元素向表面扩散富集的倾向较小,形成的Cr2O3数量较少；sj元素容易在晶界偏析,形成SiOx或Mn2SiO4氧化物；Mo几乎不向钢板表面扩散富集,不发生选择性氧化。
通过调整退火过程中气氛的氢气含量和露点,研究了气氛与合金元素之间的气相-金属反应。结果表明：氢气含量从5%增加到20%,双相钢表面的氧化物密度增加,但是氢气含量的变化不改变表面氧化物的类型；露点从-50℃升高到-15℃,合金元素发生内氧化,外氧化物减少。采用退火中途切换露点的方法,得到在0℃/-70℃露点条件下,双相钢表面绝大部分为裸露的钢基体。
研究了MnO在基体/锌液界面处与锌液中有效Al发生的铝热还原反应,得出了MnO在3s浸镀时间内能被有效Al还原的最大半径是131.6nm。同时,分析了抑制层Fe-Al晶粒的生长机理,给出了MnO尺寸与抑制层晶粒粗细分化的关系,在此基础上提出了MnO的尺寸效应。
The light autobody is being paid more and more attention since it is an effective way to reduce oil consumption. The light autobody is utilized by applications of advanced high strength steels, which can reduce sheet gauges and maintain autobody safety at the same time. Dual phase steels account for74%of advanced high strength steels used in the light autobody.
When the dual phase steels are used in autobody, they have to be coated with a zinc layer by hot-dip galvanizing process to enhance the anti-corrosion capability of autobodys. However, dual phase steels readily give rise to surface selective oxides during annealing prior to galvanizing, since they are alloyed certain contents of alloying elements. The surface selective oxides have bad wetting behaviors with zinc bath, and can cause severe coating defects such as bare spots and bad coating adherence. Therefore, understanding selective oxidation of alloying elements and formation of selective oxides are essential and fundamental to improve zinc coating quality during galvanizing dual phase steels. This dissertation aims to investigate the effects of process parameters on selective oxidation of alloying elements and further understand interfacial reactions of oxides with effective Al in zinc bath, which occur in substrate/zinc interface. Some creative achievements concerning hot-dip galvanizing dual phase steels have been made.
The influences of annealing duration and annealing temperature on selective oxidation have been investigated. The results show that as annealing duration prolonged and annealing temperature raised the density and size of surface oxides increase. And some coarse intermetallic Fe-Al grains emerge in the inhibition layer. XPS characterization shows that the variations of annealing temperature and duration do not change chemical natures of selective oxides.
The segregation to steel surface is quite different for various alloying elements. Mn has a strong tendency to diffuse to steel surface, resulting in a sever segregation on steel surface so that MnO is the main surface oxide. Cr has a much less tendency of segregation on steel surface, and the amounts of Cr2O3are much less than MnO. Mo can hardly segregate on steel surface and virtually no Mo oxides could be traced on steel surface.
By means of adjusting hydrogen content and dew point, the gas-metal reaction occurred in annealing process is examined. The results show that as hydrogen contents increased from5%to20%, the density of surface oxides increase. Moreover, the variations of hydrogen contents do not change chemical natures of selective oxides. When dew point rises from-50℃to-15℃, internal oxidation of alloying elements takes place, and consequently the mass of external oxides decrease. With the concept of preoxidation-reduction, annealed dual phase steels with large proportion of bare surface are obtained when the dew point is set as0℃/-70℃.
The aluminothermic reaction of MnO with effective Al is investigated. And the maximum volume of MnO that is able to be reduced by effective Al in the limited galvanizing time of3s is obtained, which is equal to131.6nm. The growth mechanism of Fe-Al grains is discussed. Furthermore, a correlation between the size of MnO and the formation of coarse Fe-Al grains is given. A size effect of oxides on nucleation of Fe-Al intermetallic grains is proposed.
双相钢在汽车车身上使用时,为增强车身的耐蚀能力,其表面必须镀上一层锌。双相钢在进行连续热镀锌时,钢中添加的合金元素在退火过程中容易发生选择性氧化,在钢板表面生成大量的氧化物。这些氧化物与锌液之间的浸润性较差,容易造成漏镀和镀层附着力差的问题。因此,对合金元素的选择性氧化行为及其氧化物进行研究,是提高热镀锌双相钢镀层质量的重要基础工作。本论文针对DP780级别双相钢,对影响其合金元素选择性氧化的各种工艺参数进行了研究,分析了氧化物在基体/锌液界面处与有效Al的反应及其对抑制层形貌的影响,取得了一些对于双相钢热镀锌具有重要意义的创新成果。
研究了退火时间和退火温度的变化对合金元素选择性氧化的影响。结果表明：退火时间的延长(45s-120s)和退火温度的升高(780℃～840℃),增加了双相钢表面氧化物的密度和颗粒体积,同时使得抑制层中出现粗大的Fe-Al相晶粒。退火时间和退火温度的变化不影响表面氧化物的种类。
退火过程中不同的合金元素向表面的扩散行为有较大差异。Mn元素有强烈地向表面扩散的趋势,容易在表面发生浓度富集；Cr元素向表面扩散富集的倾向较小,形成的Cr2O3数量较少；sj元素容易在晶界偏析,形成SiOx或Mn2SiO4氧化物；Mo几乎不向钢板表面扩散富集,不发生选择性氧化。
通过调整退火过程中气氛的氢气含量和露点,研究了气氛与合金元素之间的气相-金属反应。结果表明：氢气含量从5%增加到20%,双相钢表面的氧化物密度增加,但是氢气含量的变化不改变表面氧化物的类型；露点从-50℃升高到-15℃,合金元素发生内氧化,外氧化物减少。采用退火中途切换露点的方法,得到在0℃/-70℃露点条件下,双相钢表面绝大部分为裸露的钢基体。
研究了MnO在基体/锌液界面处与锌液中有效Al发生的铝热还原反应,得出了MnO在3s浸镀时间内能被有效Al还原的最大半径是131.6nm。同时,分析了抑制层Fe-Al晶粒的生长机理,给出了MnO尺寸与抑制层晶粒粗细分化的关系,在此基础上提出了MnO的尺寸效应。
The light autobody is being paid more and more attention since it is an effective way to reduce oil consumption. The light autobody is utilized by applications of advanced high strength steels, which can reduce sheet gauges and maintain autobody safety at the same time. Dual phase steels account for74%of advanced high strength steels used in the light autobody.
When the dual phase steels are used in autobody, they have to be coated with a zinc layer by hot-dip galvanizing process to enhance the anti-corrosion capability of autobodys. However, dual phase steels readily give rise to surface selective oxides during annealing prior to galvanizing, since they are alloyed certain contents of alloying elements. The surface selective oxides have bad wetting behaviors with zinc bath, and can cause severe coating defects such as bare spots and bad coating adherence. Therefore, understanding selective oxidation of alloying elements and formation of selective oxides are essential and fundamental to improve zinc coating quality during galvanizing dual phase steels. This dissertation aims to investigate the effects of process parameters on selective oxidation of alloying elements and further understand interfacial reactions of oxides with effective Al in zinc bath, which occur in substrate/zinc interface. Some creative achievements concerning hot-dip galvanizing dual phase steels have been made.
The influences of annealing duration and annealing temperature on selective oxidation have been investigated. The results show that as annealing duration prolonged and annealing temperature raised the density and size of surface oxides increase. And some coarse intermetallic Fe-Al grains emerge in the inhibition layer. XPS characterization shows that the variations of annealing temperature and duration do not change chemical natures of selective oxides.
The segregation to steel surface is quite different for various alloying elements. Mn has a strong tendency to diffuse to steel surface, resulting in a sever segregation on steel surface so that MnO is the main surface oxide. Cr has a much less tendency of segregation on steel surface, and the amounts of Cr2O3are much less than MnO. Mo can hardly segregate on steel surface and virtually no Mo oxides could be traced on steel surface.
By means of adjusting hydrogen content and dew point, the gas-metal reaction occurred in annealing process is examined. The results show that as hydrogen contents increased from5%to20%, the density of surface oxides increase. Moreover, the variations of hydrogen contents do not change chemical natures of selective oxides. When dew point rises from-50℃to-15℃, internal oxidation of alloying elements takes place, and consequently the mass of external oxides decrease. With the concept of preoxidation-reduction, annealed dual phase steels with large proportion of bare surface are obtained when the dew point is set as0℃/-70℃.
The aluminothermic reaction of MnO with effective Al is investigated. And the maximum volume of MnO that is able to be reduced by effective Al in the limited galvanizing time of3s is obtained, which is equal to131.6nm. The growth mechanism of Fe-Al grains is discussed. Furthermore, a correlation between the size of MnO and the formation of coarse Fe-Al grains is given. A size effect of oxides on nucleation of Fe-Al intermetallic grains is proposed.
引文
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