光伏太阳能热泵系统的模拟研究和经济性分析
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摘要
随着能源和环境问题的日益突出,太阳能因其无污染、可再生等优点,受到人们的重视。本文以太阳能光电/光热综合利用为出发点,对光伏太阳能热泵系统(PV-SAHP)进行了研究。
PV-SAHP系统在直膨式太阳能热泵系统集热板的上方层压光伏电池制成光伏蒸发器(PV-EVAP).一方面,蒸发盘管中的制冷剂带走了光伏电池中多余的热量,保证了光伏电池较低的工作温度,提高了系统的光电转换效率。另一方面,系统的蒸发过程在太阳直接辐照之下完成,使得热泵循环的性能系数明显提高。系统能够同时输出电能和热能,提高了对太阳能的综合利用能力。
首先,本文利用稳态分相区集中参数模型对光伏蒸发器进行了理论研究。研究了太阳辐射强度、环境温度、结构参数以及蒸发器进口参数等因素的改变对出口焓值的影响；根据给定的进口参数和外界环境参数,对光伏蒸发器进行了全天的数值模拟。结果表明,光伏蒸发器具有优越的性能：其电效率、热效率、电热综合效率的平均值分别为13.3%、67.9%、79.2%,综合效率比普通集热器约高出10%。
其次,建立了PV-SAHP系统的数学模型,并对其进行了全天的数值模拟。结果显不,PV-SAHP系统具有优越的性能：平均光伏功率、光电转换效率、热泵性能系数和光电光热综合性能系数分别为462.1w、13.8%、5.89和9.13；此外,系统的压缩机耗功占光伏功率的78.2%,这意味着系统所输出的电能能够满足自身需求。
最后,对光伏太阳能热泵热水器(PV-SAHPWH)进行了经济性分析和环境效益的评价,说明了该系统能够节省费用、降低能耗、减少污染物的排放,适用于小区、住宅楼集中供生活热水、供电量,具有可行性和工程应用价值。
Well known as a non-polluting, inexhaustible, and clean energy source, solar energy has received considerable attention at present, while the energy and the environmental issue increasing significant. This paper take the compound photovoltaie/thermal utility to study Photovoltaic Solar Assisted Heat Pump system (PV-SAHP).
In PV-SAHP, a specially designed direct expansion PV/T solar collector with PV cells laminated on the front surface is employed in the system to act as the evaporator (PV-EVAP). On one hand, because refrigerant absorbed unnecessary heat from the PV base plate in the evaporator, the system can mainiain the PV cell in a lower temperature for better photovoltaic performance. On the other hand, the coefficient of performance of PV-SAHP is obviously improved because the evaporating process under insolation. The system can also generate electricity and heat energy in the meantime. This improves the overall utilization of solar energy efficiency.
First in this paper, a steady-state phase-separating lumped parameters approach has been used to simulate the PV-EVAP in depth, which is the core component of PV-SAHP system. Researches were focused on the environmental parameters, structural parameters and inlet parameters of the evaporator, which influenced the outlet enthalpy of the PV-EVAP. After that, numerical simulation has been performed for predicting the behavior of the evaporator in whole day, according to specified instantaneous solar irradiance, ambient temperature and inlet parameters of the evaporator. The results demonstrate that PV-EVAP has a superior performance. The average thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency and the overall efficiency of the PV-EVAP are around 13.3%,67.9% and 79.2% respectively. Compared to a traditional PV/T collector the overall efficiency was 10% higher. Besides, the results also show that the photovoltaic and thermal performance mainly depend on the soiar irradiance. The ambient temperature also can effect the performance of PV-EVAP.
Second, a model for the PV-SAHP system is then established and numerical simulation is performed for predicting the behavior of the system in whole day. The results show that high performance can be obtained by the system. The average output electricity, electrical efficiency, COP, and COPe-t are around 462.1W,13.8%,5.89 and 9.13 respectively. The compressor power consumption is about 78.2% of the output electricity, which means that the system can offer all the power consumed by itself.
Finally, according to the economic analysis and the environmental benefits evaluation on the photovoltaic-solar assisted heat pump water heater, it shows that the system can save expenses, reduce energy consumption and decrease emissions of pollutants. PV-SAHPWH is suitable for supplying hot water and electrical energy to residence community, and it is also worth to be applied to practical engineerings.
PV-SAHP系统在直膨式太阳能热泵系统集热板的上方层压光伏电池制成光伏蒸发器(PV-EVAP).一方面,蒸发盘管中的制冷剂带走了光伏电池中多余的热量,保证了光伏电池较低的工作温度,提高了系统的光电转换效率。另一方面,系统的蒸发过程在太阳直接辐照之下完成,使得热泵循环的性能系数明显提高。系统能够同时输出电能和热能,提高了对太阳能的综合利用能力。
首先,本文利用稳态分相区集中参数模型对光伏蒸发器进行了理论研究。研究了太阳辐射强度、环境温度、结构参数以及蒸发器进口参数等因素的改变对出口焓值的影响；根据给定的进口参数和外界环境参数,对光伏蒸发器进行了全天的数值模拟。结果表明,光伏蒸发器具有优越的性能：其电效率、热效率、电热综合效率的平均值分别为13.3%、67.9%、79.2%,综合效率比普通集热器约高出10%。
其次,建立了PV-SAHP系统的数学模型,并对其进行了全天的数值模拟。结果显不,PV-SAHP系统具有优越的性能：平均光伏功率、光电转换效率、热泵性能系数和光电光热综合性能系数分别为462.1w、13.8%、5.89和9.13；此外,系统的压缩机耗功占光伏功率的78.2%,这意味着系统所输出的电能能够满足自身需求。
最后,对光伏太阳能热泵热水器(PV-SAHPWH)进行了经济性分析和环境效益的评价,说明了该系统能够节省费用、降低能耗、减少污染物的排放,适用于小区、住宅楼集中供生活热水、供电量,具有可行性和工程应用价值。
Well known as a non-polluting, inexhaustible, and clean energy source, solar energy has received considerable attention at present, while the energy and the environmental issue increasing significant. This paper take the compound photovoltaie/thermal utility to study Photovoltaic Solar Assisted Heat Pump system (PV-SAHP).
In PV-SAHP, a specially designed direct expansion PV/T solar collector with PV cells laminated on the front surface is employed in the system to act as the evaporator (PV-EVAP). On one hand, because refrigerant absorbed unnecessary heat from the PV base plate in the evaporator, the system can mainiain the PV cell in a lower temperature for better photovoltaic performance. On the other hand, the coefficient of performance of PV-SAHP is obviously improved because the evaporating process under insolation. The system can also generate electricity and heat energy in the meantime. This improves the overall utilization of solar energy efficiency.
First in this paper, a steady-state phase-separating lumped parameters approach has been used to simulate the PV-EVAP in depth, which is the core component of PV-SAHP system. Researches were focused on the environmental parameters, structural parameters and inlet parameters of the evaporator, which influenced the outlet enthalpy of the PV-EVAP. After that, numerical simulation has been performed for predicting the behavior of the evaporator in whole day, according to specified instantaneous solar irradiance, ambient temperature and inlet parameters of the evaporator. The results demonstrate that PV-EVAP has a superior performance. The average thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency and the overall efficiency of the PV-EVAP are around 13.3%,67.9% and 79.2% respectively. Compared to a traditional PV/T collector the overall efficiency was 10% higher. Besides, the results also show that the photovoltaic and thermal performance mainly depend on the soiar irradiance. The ambient temperature also can effect the performance of PV-EVAP.
Second, a model for the PV-SAHP system is then established and numerical simulation is performed for predicting the behavior of the system in whole day. The results show that high performance can be obtained by the system. The average output electricity, electrical efficiency, COP, and COPe-t are around 462.1W,13.8%,5.89 and 9.13 respectively. The compressor power consumption is about 78.2% of the output electricity, which means that the system can offer all the power consumed by itself.
Finally, according to the economic analysis and the environmental benefits evaluation on the photovoltaic-solar assisted heat pump water heater, it shows that the system can save expenses, reduce energy consumption and decrease emissions of pollutants. PV-SAHPWH is suitable for supplying hot water and electrical energy to residence community, and it is also worth to be applied to practical engineerings.
引文
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