提高太阳能集热系统集热效率及热转换成蒸汽设备的研究
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摘要
经济的快速发展导致能源消耗加剧,环境污染问题也随之越发严峻,节能减排和开发可再生能源成为解决问题的有利途径。国内外研究证明太阳能热的中高温利用可以实现热发电,解决目前常规能源短缺的现状。本课题首先介绍了国内外当前的能源形势以及云南省的实际情况,指出课题研究的可行性；其次介绍了国内外太阳能热利用的研究和发展状况,根据本课题的前期研究成果最终提出太阳能热利用发电的意义。
课题组前期的研究表明,云南省作为以旅游发展为主的地区,在省内工业园区进行集中供电供热具有很好的经济前景和环境效益,同时利用云南省得天独厚的气候和太阳能条件,发展太阳能热电系统具有可行性,并得出以太阳能资源为主发展太阳能-轻柴油互补的分布式能源系统具有可观的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。课题组前期太阳能资源利用的研究中存在集热效率不高、保温及换热效果不理想等问题,本课题在课题组前期研究成果的基础上进行,有针对性的进行深入的研究,以期解决以上问题。
本课题主要针对课题组前期研究中存在的问题分别进行研究,具体包括提高系统的集热效率、换热效率和保温效果,设计承压设备进行了产生蒸汽的实验,课题主要集中在研究利用太阳能中温(200℃)的阶段,为中高温的利用提供基础数据。
第一,为提高系统的集热效率,在课题组原来实验系统的基础上进行优化,采用槽式太阳能代替太阳能灶,并得出最佳的实验条件为导热油的流速为1m3/h,水的流速为0.22m3/h；在最佳实验条件下利用设计的承压储水箱进行产生蒸汽的实验,得出在加热时间2.8h时,可以实现循环水路的压力达到0.12MPa,产生蒸汽。
第二,为研究系统储热及保温效果,本课题分析了各种储热方式及储热材料,并采取显热储热的储热方式,以导热油和水分别作为储热材料进行了储热实验,得出较优的储热条件及储热方式,为后期实验提供了理论基础,同时在课题组原实验系统的基础上改进保温措施以期提高系统的保温效果。实验结果表明,在中温条件下(200℃)导热油作为储热介质单位时间储热量为298J/s,高于水的储热效果；在中温条件下进行保温实验,采用改进后的保温措施,系统的热量损失率也会有不同程度的降低,系统温度均由200℃开始降低,到温度下降到70℃时,新系统的热量损失速率为2312J/s；系统温度由70℃下降到环境温度(21℃)时,新系统的热量损失速率为876J/s。此外,进行了储热实验中保温条件的优化设计,得出在当前实验条件下环境温度对储热系统保温效果的影响最大。
第三,为提高系统的换热效率,将课题组原沉浸式蛇管换热器更替为板式换热器,并通过两套实验系统的对比得出换热效率高低与集热系统的集热效果之间关系不大的结论。
通过本课题的研究优化了系统,得出了预期的实验效果,并为课题组的进一步推进提出了理论数据,针对在研究过程中遇到的问题提出了后期研究需要改进的方面和研究的方向。
The rapid economic development has led to intensified energy consumption and serious environmental pollution, which is becoming a favorable way to solve the problem that energy conservation and development of renewable energy. Studies have shown that thermal power can be achieved of using high temperature solar thermal, which can solve the shortage of conventional energy status quo. Firstly, this topic introduced the current energy situation at home and abroad, and the actual situation in Yunnan Province, pointing out that the feasibility of the research; Secondly, it describes the use of domestic and international solar thermal research and development, and ultimately raised the significance of the use of solar thermal power generation based on previous research in this subject.
Existing study on the group pre-studies have shown that centralized supply heating has good economic prospects and environmental benefits in Yunnan Province, which is mainly in the development of tourism. Centralized power supply heating in the industrial park has good economic prospects and environmental benefits. Yunnan Province, unique climate and solar conditions, the development of solar thermal systems is feasible. It is effective to develop solar resource-based development and distributed energy systems for solar energy-light diesel complementary. With current study, collection efficiency is not high, insulation and heat transfer effects are not ideal, this topic is on this basis of targeted in-depth studies in order to solve the above problem.
The research is including the collection efficiency to improve the system efficiency of heat transfer and insulation effect, the experiment to produce steam. The subject is mainly concentrated in the research phase of the solar temperature (200℃), which can provide basic data for the use of the high solar temperature.
Firstly, in order to improve the collection efficiency, the experimental system is based on optimized trough solar energy instead of solar cookers, and come to the best experimental conditions for conducting oil flow rate of1m3/h, water flow rate was0.22m3/h; Under the optimal experimental conditions, the pressure tank in the heating time2.8h, can achieve circular waterway pressure reaches0.12MPa, the produce steam.
Secondly, in the research of thermal storage and insulation effect, we have analyzed thermal storage and thermal energy storage materials, and use Sensible heat storage to Conduct oil and water as a heat storage material heat storage experiments, get the better thermal storage conditions and thermal storage, which provides a theoretical basis for the latter experiments. The experiment also improved insulation measures to improve the insulation effect. The results show that in the medium temperature (200℃), oil as heat storage media unit time heat storage298J/s, the effect of heat storage is higher than the water; in the medium temperature insulation, use improved insulation measures, heat loss rate of the system will have varying degrees reduction. From200℃down to70℃, the heat loss rate is of2312J/s, and from70℃down to the environment temperature (21℃), the heat loss rate of the new system is876J/s. In addition, optimize the design of the thermal conditions in the heat storage experiments。The Conclusion is that the greatest impact to the insulation effect of the thermal storage system is environmental temperature in the current experimental conditions。
Thirdly, to improve heat transfer efficiency, immersion snake tube heat exchanger is replaced to the plate heat exchanger. The Conclusion is that the relationship is little between heat transfer efficiency and collector effect.
With the research, we have received the effect of experimental, and it has provided theoretical data for the further study. Problems encountered in the course of the study, which provided directions for later research.
课题组前期的研究表明,云南省作为以旅游发展为主的地区,在省内工业园区进行集中供电供热具有很好的经济前景和环境效益,同时利用云南省得天独厚的气候和太阳能条件,发展太阳能热电系统具有可行性,并得出以太阳能资源为主发展太阳能-轻柴油互补的分布式能源系统具有可观的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。课题组前期太阳能资源利用的研究中存在集热效率不高、保温及换热效果不理想等问题,本课题在课题组前期研究成果的基础上进行,有针对性的进行深入的研究,以期解决以上问题。
本课题主要针对课题组前期研究中存在的问题分别进行研究,具体包括提高系统的集热效率、换热效率和保温效果,设计承压设备进行了产生蒸汽的实验,课题主要集中在研究利用太阳能中温(200℃)的阶段,为中高温的利用提供基础数据。
第一,为提高系统的集热效率,在课题组原来实验系统的基础上进行优化,采用槽式太阳能代替太阳能灶,并得出最佳的实验条件为导热油的流速为1m3/h,水的流速为0.22m3/h；在最佳实验条件下利用设计的承压储水箱进行产生蒸汽的实验,得出在加热时间2.8h时,可以实现循环水路的压力达到0.12MPa,产生蒸汽。
第二,为研究系统储热及保温效果,本课题分析了各种储热方式及储热材料,并采取显热储热的储热方式,以导热油和水分别作为储热材料进行了储热实验,得出较优的储热条件及储热方式,为后期实验提供了理论基础,同时在课题组原实验系统的基础上改进保温措施以期提高系统的保温效果。实验结果表明,在中温条件下(200℃)导热油作为储热介质单位时间储热量为298J/s,高于水的储热效果；在中温条件下进行保温实验,采用改进后的保温措施,系统的热量损失率也会有不同程度的降低,系统温度均由200℃开始降低,到温度下降到70℃时,新系统的热量损失速率为2312J/s；系统温度由70℃下降到环境温度(21℃)时,新系统的热量损失速率为876J/s。此外,进行了储热实验中保温条件的优化设计,得出在当前实验条件下环境温度对储热系统保温效果的影响最大。
第三,为提高系统的换热效率,将课题组原沉浸式蛇管换热器更替为板式换热器,并通过两套实验系统的对比得出换热效率高低与集热系统的集热效果之间关系不大的结论。
通过本课题的研究优化了系统,得出了预期的实验效果,并为课题组的进一步推进提出了理论数据,针对在研究过程中遇到的问题提出了后期研究需要改进的方面和研究的方向。
The rapid economic development has led to intensified energy consumption and serious environmental pollution, which is becoming a favorable way to solve the problem that energy conservation and development of renewable energy. Studies have shown that thermal power can be achieved of using high temperature solar thermal, which can solve the shortage of conventional energy status quo. Firstly, this topic introduced the current energy situation at home and abroad, and the actual situation in Yunnan Province, pointing out that the feasibility of the research; Secondly, it describes the use of domestic and international solar thermal research and development, and ultimately raised the significance of the use of solar thermal power generation based on previous research in this subject.
Existing study on the group pre-studies have shown that centralized supply heating has good economic prospects and environmental benefits in Yunnan Province, which is mainly in the development of tourism. Centralized power supply heating in the industrial park has good economic prospects and environmental benefits. Yunnan Province, unique climate and solar conditions, the development of solar thermal systems is feasible. It is effective to develop solar resource-based development and distributed energy systems for solar energy-light diesel complementary. With current study, collection efficiency is not high, insulation and heat transfer effects are not ideal, this topic is on this basis of targeted in-depth studies in order to solve the above problem.
The research is including the collection efficiency to improve the system efficiency of heat transfer and insulation effect, the experiment to produce steam. The subject is mainly concentrated in the research phase of the solar temperature (200℃), which can provide basic data for the use of the high solar temperature.
Firstly, in order to improve the collection efficiency, the experimental system is based on optimized trough solar energy instead of solar cookers, and come to the best experimental conditions for conducting oil flow rate of1m3/h, water flow rate was0.22m3/h; Under the optimal experimental conditions, the pressure tank in the heating time2.8h, can achieve circular waterway pressure reaches0.12MPa, the produce steam.
Secondly, in the research of thermal storage and insulation effect, we have analyzed thermal storage and thermal energy storage materials, and use Sensible heat storage to Conduct oil and water as a heat storage material heat storage experiments, get the better thermal storage conditions and thermal storage, which provides a theoretical basis for the latter experiments. The experiment also improved insulation measures to improve the insulation effect. The results show that in the medium temperature (200℃), oil as heat storage media unit time heat storage298J/s, the effect of heat storage is higher than the water; in the medium temperature insulation, use improved insulation measures, heat loss rate of the system will have varying degrees reduction. From200℃down to70℃, the heat loss rate is of2312J/s, and from70℃down to the environment temperature (21℃), the heat loss rate of the new system is876J/s. In addition, optimize the design of the thermal conditions in the heat storage experiments。The Conclusion is that the greatest impact to the insulation effect of the thermal storage system is environmental temperature in the current experimental conditions。
Thirdly, to improve heat transfer efficiency, immersion snake tube heat exchanger is replaced to the plate heat exchanger. The Conclusion is that the relationship is little between heat transfer efficiency and collector effect.
With the research, we have received the effect of experimental, and it has provided theoretical data for the further study. Problems encountered in the course of the study, which provided directions for later research.
引文
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