农村土地承包经营权入股农业专业合作社法律问题研究
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摘要
中国共产党十六届五中全会提出了我国将全面推进社会主义新农村建设的历史任务，这是我们党统揽全局、放眼未来、与时俱进，作出的重大历史性决策，这一战略举措将惠及到我国亿万农民、关系到国家的长治久安，是我国全面推进社会主义现代化建设重要历史时期所必须要承担和完成的重要使命。土地承包经营权入股流转作为解决我国“三农”问题的一个突破点，本研究分析了当前土地承包经营权入股流转的必要性，在对农村土地承包经营权入股理论研究和实践探索的基础上，结合当今学术界研究不足，从理论上对土地承包经营权入股流转的可行性进行了全面的剖析，使得土地承包经营权入股流转具有合理和可行的理论基础;同时，对我国现有的土地承包经营权入股三种实践模式：农村土地承包经营权入股股份合作制企业；农村土地承包经营权入股股份制公司；农村土地承包经营权入股农民合作社。进行了详细的分析评述，得出农村土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社为当下切实可行的模式。并对农村土地承包经营权入股农民合作社的现实障碍和法律困境进行了剖析，提出对策及建议。按照研究思路，各部分安排如下:
第一部分为绪论。介绍了农村土地承包经营权入股流转选题的背景，农村土地承包经营权入股流转的重要意义。
第二部分为土地承包经营权入股流转理论分析。界定了土地承包经营股权入股的相关概念。对农村土地承包经营权入股流转进行了法理分析。剖析了农村土地承包经营权入股的本质。通过对基础理论的分析研究，奠定了我国农村土地承包经营权入股流转体系的理论基础。
第三部分为我国关于土地流转的法律及其政策指引。罗列了当下的法律规定：宪法及宪法性文件、法律、地方性法规、规章；以及中国共产党第十六届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过的《关于全面推进社会主义新农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》。
第四部分为三种实践模式剖析。对土地承包经营权入股流转的三种实践模式进行了详细的分析评述，得出农村土地承包经营权入股农民合作社为当下切实可行的模式。
第五部分为法律障碍及现实困境。对农村土地承包经营权入股农民合作社当前实践进行了详细的剖析，指出其流转过程中存在的一系列法律障碍和现实困境。
第六部分为对策建议。对第五部分农村土地承包经营权入股理论实践剖析的基础上指出其流转过程中存在的一系列的法律障碍和现实困境，提出了对策和建议。
During the fifth plenum of sixteen sessions for Chinese communist party, an historical task was proposed to comprehensively promote the construction of a new socialist countryside. This historical decision, which is considering the overall situation and looking to the future with the times, will benefit our country hundreds of millions of farmers and retain the long-term stability of our country, which is important and urgent mission for us to complete during comprehensively promote socialist modernization. The transform of right to land contractual management as a shareholder is a breakthrough to solve the "three rural" issue in China. In this paper, through study the theory of right to land contractual management as a shareholder and the practices of this, the feasibility of the right to land contractual management as a shareholder was studied, which is provided reasonable and feasible theory basis; meanwhile, the three practice patterns:rural land contractual management as a shareholder of stock cooperative enterprises, rural land contractual management as a shareholder of joint-stock company and rural land contractual management as a shareholder of farmers'professional cooperatives, were analyzed in detail, among them the third one is the feasible pattern in present. The actual obstacles and legal difficulties of this pattern were analyzed, related countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. In accordance with the thesis research ideas, the research is organized as follows:
The first part is the introduction, first introduced the contracted management right of rural land in the circulation background, the contracted management right of rural land is on the move the main meaning of the meaning.
The second part is the land contracting right of shares transfer theory analysis. Defining the contracted management of land ownership shares of the relevant concepts. On the circulation of rural land contracted management right of legal analysis. Analysis of the rural land contract and operation right in essence. Based on the theory analysis, laid the foundation of the current rural land contracted management right transfer of shares system theory.
The third part is our country on land law and policy guidance. Listed in the current law:the Constitution and constitutional documents, laws, local regulations, rules and regulations; and the Chinese Communist Party's Sixteenth Central Committee Third Plenary Session passed" about promoting a new socialist rural reform develops certain major issue decision".
The fourth part is the analysis of the mode of three kinds of practice. The contracted management right to the land in the circulation of three practice models:the contracted management right of rural land stock cooperative joint-stock enterprises; the contracted management right of rural land into joint-stock companies; the contracted management right of rural land becomes a shareholder farmer professional cooperatives. Carried out a detailed analysis on the contracted management right of rural land, in farmer professional cooperatives to present practical mode.
The fifth part is the legal obstacles and realistic dilemma. On the contracted management right of rural land in the current practice of farmer professional cooperatives in has carried on the detailed analysis, point out its circulation process in the presence of a series of obstacles and difficulties.
The sixth part is the countermeasure proposal. In the fifth part of the contracted management right of rural land in practice on the basis of analysis to find out the basis of the transfer process in the presence of a series of obstacles and difficulties, puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
第一部分为绪论。介绍了农村土地承包经营权入股流转选题的背景，农村土地承包经营权入股流转的重要意义。
第二部分为土地承包经营权入股流转理论分析。界定了土地承包经营股权入股的相关概念。对农村土地承包经营权入股流转进行了法理分析。剖析了农村土地承包经营权入股的本质。通过对基础理论的分析研究，奠定了我国农村土地承包经营权入股流转体系的理论基础。
第三部分为我国关于土地流转的法律及其政策指引。罗列了当下的法律规定：宪法及宪法性文件、法律、地方性法规、规章；以及中国共产党第十六届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过的《关于全面推进社会主义新农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》。
第四部分为三种实践模式剖析。对土地承包经营权入股流转的三种实践模式进行了详细的分析评述，得出农村土地承包经营权入股农民合作社为当下切实可行的模式。
第五部分为法律障碍及现实困境。对农村土地承包经营权入股农民合作社当前实践进行了详细的剖析，指出其流转过程中存在的一系列法律障碍和现实困境。
第六部分为对策建议。对第五部分农村土地承包经营权入股理论实践剖析的基础上指出其流转过程中存在的一系列的法律障碍和现实困境，提出了对策和建议。
During the fifth plenum of sixteen sessions for Chinese communist party, an historical task was proposed to comprehensively promote the construction of a new socialist countryside. This historical decision, which is considering the overall situation and looking to the future with the times, will benefit our country hundreds of millions of farmers and retain the long-term stability of our country, which is important and urgent mission for us to complete during comprehensively promote socialist modernization. The transform of right to land contractual management as a shareholder is a breakthrough to solve the "three rural" issue in China. In this paper, through study the theory of right to land contractual management as a shareholder and the practices of this, the feasibility of the right to land contractual management as a shareholder was studied, which is provided reasonable and feasible theory basis; meanwhile, the three practice patterns:rural land contractual management as a shareholder of stock cooperative enterprises, rural land contractual management as a shareholder of joint-stock company and rural land contractual management as a shareholder of farmers'professional cooperatives, were analyzed in detail, among them the third one is the feasible pattern in present. The actual obstacles and legal difficulties of this pattern were analyzed, related countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. In accordance with the thesis research ideas, the research is organized as follows:
The first part is the introduction, first introduced the contracted management right of rural land in the circulation background, the contracted management right of rural land is on the move the main meaning of the meaning.
The second part is the land contracting right of shares transfer theory analysis. Defining the contracted management of land ownership shares of the relevant concepts. On the circulation of rural land contracted management right of legal analysis. Analysis of the rural land contract and operation right in essence. Based on the theory analysis, laid the foundation of the current rural land contracted management right transfer of shares system theory.
The third part is our country on land law and policy guidance. Listed in the current law:the Constitution and constitutional documents, laws, local regulations, rules and regulations; and the Chinese Communist Party's Sixteenth Central Committee Third Plenary Session passed" about promoting a new socialist rural reform develops certain major issue decision".
The fourth part is the analysis of the mode of three kinds of practice. The contracted management right to the land in the circulation of three practice models:the contracted management right of rural land stock cooperative joint-stock enterprises; the contracted management right of rural land into joint-stock companies; the contracted management right of rural land becomes a shareholder farmer professional cooperatives. Carried out a detailed analysis on the contracted management right of rural land, in farmer professional cooperatives to present practical mode.
The fifth part is the legal obstacles and realistic dilemma. On the contracted management right of rural land in the current practice of farmer professional cooperatives in has carried on the detailed analysis, point out its circulation process in the presence of a series of obstacles and difficulties.
The sixth part is the countermeasure proposal. In the fifth part of the contracted management right of rural land in practice on the basis of analysis to find out the basis of the transfer process in the presence of a series of obstacles and difficulties, puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
引文
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[20]刘云.农村纠纷解决机制建设探析——以ADR为视角.《行政与法》.2009(9).112-115.
[21]文新.广西农村土地承包经营权流转的必要性和紧迫性.《学术论坛》2009(3).55-56
[22]喻剑,杨永富.农村土地承包经营权入股法律问题与对策.《法制与社会》.2010（10）.25-27
[23]覃建芹.土地承包经营权流转中的农民权益保护研究.《农业经济》2010(6).15.
[24]刘俊.农民专业合作社资本形成制度的设计与法律完善.《求索》.2008(11).25-26.学位论文：
[25]许占波.农村土地承包经营权入股研究.内蒙古大学硕士学位论文，2010.
[26]刘晶晶.土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社的若干法律问题.华东政法大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[27]何碧欣.农村土地承包经营权法律问题研究.西南政法大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[28]吕蕾.农村土地承包经营权法律问题研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[29]杨永富.农村土地承包经营权入股法律问题研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[30]邹立旋.我国农村土地流转过程中的法律规制探讨.南昌大学硕士论文.2009.
[31]李小瑞.农户土地承包经营权入股农地股份合作社的意愿分析.浙江大学硕士论文.2007.
[32]任庆国.我国社会主义新农村建设政策框架研究.河北农业大学博士论文.2007.
[33]吴娅莎.农村土地承包经营权入股法律制度研究.西南财经大学硕士论文.2008.
[34]吕蕾.农村土地承包经营权入股法律问题研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2010.
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[37]丁关良.土地承包经营权流转存在的法律问题和专项立法及配套制度改革完善研究[DB/OL].中国农地法律网.http://www.zgxcfx.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=37804.(2009-12-21)[2011-11-20]
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[2]道格拉斯·诺斯,罗伯斯·托马斯著.厉以平,蔡磊译.北京.华夏出版社.2009.154.
[3]潘善斌.农地征收法律制度研究.北京.民族出版社.2008.148.
[4]王卫国.中国土地权利研究.北京.中国政法大学出版社.1997.144.期刊杂志：
[5]何享业，余伟基，杨宝华等.佛山市南海区推进农村股份合作制之我见.《南方农村》.2009（4）.73-77.
[6]陈艳芳,缪金革.基于统筹城乡下对重庆土地流转问题的研究.《现代经济信息》.2010(2).155-156.
[7]唐国华，朱小静.股田制.农村土地流转创新的目标制度.《农村经济》.2007（7）.17-19.
[8]翁美平.农民专业合作社存在的问题及对策.《村委主任》.2011（2）.36.
[9]黄胜忠，徐旭初.农民专业合作社的运行机制分析.《商业研究》.2009(10).121-125.
[10]丁关良，蒋莉.土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社有关法律问题研究—以浙江省为例.《山东农业大学学报》2010（3）.1-7.
[11]杨红朝.土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社法律问题探讨.《河北法学》.2010(6):55-58.
[12]徐玉伶.农业专业合作社发展中存在的问题.《统计与管理》2011（4）.23-24.
[13]宋刚,马俊驹.农业专业合作社若干问题研究——兼评我国《农民专业合作社法》.《浙江社会科学》.2007(5).59-65.
[14]殷海善,周振华,杨晨等.山西省农村家庭承包土地流转研究.《山西农业大学学报》（社会科学版）.2010（2）.140-144.
[15]郭昌荣.农村经济结构调整与土地经营权入股.《理论月刊》2002(4).45-48
[16]罗大钧.农村家庭承包经营权流转中的法律关系辨析一以对中华人民共和国农村土地承包法的分析为视角.《河南省政法管理干部学院学报》2006(6).5-9.
[17]黄运煮.农村土地承包经营权立法若干理论问题探讨.《华南理工大学学报》2004(3).15-18.
[18]宋从越.农村土地承包经营权物权性流转.《阴山学刊》2006(2).8-10.
[19]熊衍仁,谭丰华,易冰源.农村土地整理过程中农民土地权益保障问题浅探.《山西农业大学学报》（社会科学版）2011（3）.273-276.
[20]刘云.农村纠纷解决机制建设探析——以ADR为视角.《行政与法》.2009(9).112-115.
[21]文新.广西农村土地承包经营权流转的必要性和紧迫性.《学术论坛》2009(3).55-56
[22]喻剑,杨永富.农村土地承包经营权入股法律问题与对策.《法制与社会》.2010（10）.25-27
[23]覃建芹.土地承包经营权流转中的农民权益保护研究.《农业经济》2010(6).15.
[24]刘俊.农民专业合作社资本形成制度的设计与法律完善.《求索》.2008(11).25-26.学位论文：
[25]许占波.农村土地承包经营权入股研究.内蒙古大学硕士学位论文，2010.
[26]刘晶晶.土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社的若干法律问题.华东政法大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[27]何碧欣.农村土地承包经营权法律问题研究.西南政法大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[28]吕蕾.农村土地承包经营权法律问题研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[29]杨永富.农村土地承包经营权入股法律问题研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[30]邹立旋.我国农村土地流转过程中的法律规制探讨.南昌大学硕士论文.2009.
[31]李小瑞.农户土地承包经营权入股农地股份合作社的意愿分析.浙江大学硕士论文.2007.
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