北洺河铁矿爆破参数优化研究
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摘要
北洺河铁矿为接触交代矽卡岩型磁铁矿床,应用无底柱分段崩落法开采,现已进入东部厚大矿体开采,沿用分段高度15m、进路间距18m、崩矿步距1.7-3.7m、最小抵抗线1.7-2.0m的爆破参数和孔底同段起爆顺序,实际生产中出现炮孔堵塞和变形、大块率高、隔墙和悬顶事故时有发生等问题,严重影响矿石回采指标与生产效率。
本文在系统地归纳与分析无底柱分段崩落法扇形炮孔破岩机理的基础上,对起爆顺序、爆破参数与布孔形式等问题进行了研究。基于冲击波与爆生气体共同破岩的原理以及国内文献介绍的微差起爆实现数据,论述了起爆方向与起爆顺序对破岩效果的影响,确定了孔底微差起爆方式。根据实验得出的放出体与残留体、的形态,以及在现场标定的出矿过程的混岩数据,推断出崩落体形态,进而通过几何作图法得出,现有采场结构情况下,崩矿步距1.7m所对应的放出体形态与崩落体、残留体的总体形态符合较差,是造成此时废石混入早和混入率高的主要原因；崩矿步距3.4m与和3.7m时对比,放出体中下部崩落矿石的增大率高于放出体上部覆盖层废石的增大率,由此得出,在现行的采场结构参数下,崩矿步距3.7m比崩矿步距3.4m优越。取用3.7m的崩矿步距,设计了一次微差爆破两排炮孔、前排抵抗线2.0m、共布置9个炮孔,后排抵抗线1.7m、共布置8个炮孔的爆破网络。改进后的爆破网络将孔底距由原来的2.6m增加到3.6m,每排节省1-2个炮孔,每步距可节省20.6m长的炮孔,可节省炸药92.7kg。
改进方案已经提交矿山,并已得到认可,正在实施中。
Beiminghe iron ore mine is contact metasomatic skarn polymeatal deposit, its mining method is non-pillar sublevel caving. The thick ore bodies of the mine have been mining. The sublevel height is fifteen meter, the drift interval is eighteen meter, the caving space is one point seven to three point seven,the ignition sequence is bottom priming in same stage. There are several problems in produce such as the borehole was blocked or deformation, the high big rock rate, the partition and goal suspended ceiling appeared which impact recovery index and mining efficiency seriously.
This paper systematic study of initiation sequence, blasting parameters and deter-mining hole intervals based on the blasting mechanism of fan-patterned holes. The paper discussed that the initiation sequence and the explosive azimuth had effect on rock breaking efficiency and determined the model of hole-bottom millisecond initiation according to the mechanism of shock wave and detonation gas rock breaking together and the data in domestic literature. According to the shapes of draw body and residual body and the date of waste in-ore rate calibrated in ore removal, it deduced the shape of caved ore body. It proved that the shapes of draw body, residual body and caved ore body when the caving space is 1.7 meter coincided poor with each other in existing structure of the stope which is the main reason of sooner and higher waste in-ore rate. Comparing the condition when the caving space are 3.4 meter and 3.7 meter,it found that the ore increasing rate in the lower part of draw body is higher than the waste increasing rate in the upper of the draw body,so the caving space of 3.7 meter is superior to the caving space of 3.4 meter in existing structure of the stope. The paper designs the blasting network that it blasted two rows boreholes, the front row arrangements nine boreholes whose resistance line is two meter. The back row arrangements eight boreholes whose resistance line is one point seven meter. The hole-bottom spacing has increased from two point six to three point six, and the borehole has decreased by one ore two in improved blasting network, which can save 92.7 kilogram explosive and 20.6 meter boreholes in each caving space.
The improvement scheme has submitted to the mine, and has been reviewed and implementing.
本文在系统地归纳与分析无底柱分段崩落法扇形炮孔破岩机理的基础上,对起爆顺序、爆破参数与布孔形式等问题进行了研究。基于冲击波与爆生气体共同破岩的原理以及国内文献介绍的微差起爆实现数据,论述了起爆方向与起爆顺序对破岩效果的影响,确定了孔底微差起爆方式。根据实验得出的放出体与残留体、的形态,以及在现场标定的出矿过程的混岩数据,推断出崩落体形态,进而通过几何作图法得出,现有采场结构情况下,崩矿步距1.7m所对应的放出体形态与崩落体、残留体的总体形态符合较差,是造成此时废石混入早和混入率高的主要原因；崩矿步距3.4m与和3.7m时对比,放出体中下部崩落矿石的增大率高于放出体上部覆盖层废石的增大率,由此得出,在现行的采场结构参数下,崩矿步距3.7m比崩矿步距3.4m优越。取用3.7m的崩矿步距,设计了一次微差爆破两排炮孔、前排抵抗线2.0m、共布置9个炮孔,后排抵抗线1.7m、共布置8个炮孔的爆破网络。改进后的爆破网络将孔底距由原来的2.6m增加到3.6m,每排节省1-2个炮孔,每步距可节省20.6m长的炮孔,可节省炸药92.7kg。
改进方案已经提交矿山,并已得到认可,正在实施中。
Beiminghe iron ore mine is contact metasomatic skarn polymeatal deposit, its mining method is non-pillar sublevel caving. The thick ore bodies of the mine have been mining. The sublevel height is fifteen meter, the drift interval is eighteen meter, the caving space is one point seven to three point seven,the ignition sequence is bottom priming in same stage. There are several problems in produce such as the borehole was blocked or deformation, the high big rock rate, the partition and goal suspended ceiling appeared which impact recovery index and mining efficiency seriously.
This paper systematic study of initiation sequence, blasting parameters and deter-mining hole intervals based on the blasting mechanism of fan-patterned holes. The paper discussed that the initiation sequence and the explosive azimuth had effect on rock breaking efficiency and determined the model of hole-bottom millisecond initiation according to the mechanism of shock wave and detonation gas rock breaking together and the data in domestic literature. According to the shapes of draw body and residual body and the date of waste in-ore rate calibrated in ore removal, it deduced the shape of caved ore body. It proved that the shapes of draw body, residual body and caved ore body when the caving space is 1.7 meter coincided poor with each other in existing structure of the stope which is the main reason of sooner and higher waste in-ore rate. Comparing the condition when the caving space are 3.4 meter and 3.7 meter,it found that the ore increasing rate in the lower part of draw body is higher than the waste increasing rate in the upper of the draw body,so the caving space of 3.7 meter is superior to the caving space of 3.4 meter in existing structure of the stope. The paper designs the blasting network that it blasted two rows boreholes, the front row arrangements nine boreholes whose resistance line is two meter. The back row arrangements eight boreholes whose resistance line is one point seven meter. The hole-bottom spacing has increased from two point six to three point six, and the borehole has decreased by one ore two in improved blasting network, which can save 92.7 kilogram explosive and 20.6 meter boreholes in each caving space.
The improvement scheme has submitted to the mine, and has been reviewed and implementing.
引文
1.《无底柱分段崩落法文集》编写组,无底柱分段崩落法文集,北京：冶金工业出版社,1973
2.范庆霞.梅山大间距集中化无底柱采矿新工艺研究工作回顾[J],《采矿技术》.2004.6 Vol.4P：74-76
3.王建军.无底柱分段崩落法的改进[J],《有色金属》,2001.3 P31-33
4.任凤玉.随机介质放矿理论及其应用[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1994。
5.贺小庆.降低中深孔爆破落矿大块率的途径[J],《矿业快报》,2003.4 P21-22
6.宋卫东等.扇形孔破岩机理的全息动光弹研究[J],《河北理工学院学报》,2001.11,No.4
7.张生华.坚硬难爆矿石中深孔爆破方法的改进[J],《有色金属》,1994.9
8. Bai Y L、Ling Z、Luo L M and Ke F J,11th us Nat Cong, Appj. Mech., Tucson USA,1990.
9.齐金铎.现代爆破理论,北京：冶金工业出版社[M],1996.5
10.U.兰格福斯(瑞典).岩石爆破现代技术[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1963
11.φ. A. BayM(原苏联).爆炸物理学[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1972
12.宋守志.固体介质中的应力波[M],煤炭工业出版社,198
13.卢海湘.爆炸冲击波作用下岩体破碎机理的研究[J],《湖南有色金属》第18卷第3期2002.6 P32-35
14.冯明武,非电多段微差起爆网路在地下矿挤压爆破中的应用[J],《工程爆破》Vol8,No4.2002.12
15.朱殿柱、叶义成.论井下中深孔爆破反向起爆的优越性[J],《国外金属矿山》第5期2000.5 P18-21
16.魏善力.放出体形态的测定实验和研究[M],北京：北京科技大学,1982
17.孙光华,吕广忠.我国无底柱分段崩落法的发展方向[J],河北理工学院学报第29卷第2期2007.5 P4-6
18.刘智权.大间距无底柱分段崩落法回采爆破参数的研究[D],武汉：武汉科技大学,2005
19.范有才.大红山铁矿爆破参数及效果的分析[J],矿业快报,第2期,2007.2 P43-45
20.范庆霞.梅山铁矿采场崩矿步距的探讨[J],金属矿山,第9期,2007 P25-27
21.范庆霞.梅山铁矿凿岩爆破参数优化的探讨[J],矿业工程,第1期,2008.2P39-41
22.李向东、张强。扇形中深孔爆破参数优化试验研究[J],矿冶研究与开发,第1期,1995.3 P35-41
23.沈慧明、吴爱祥等.狮子山铜矿中深孔爆破参数优化设计研究[J],中国钼业,第1期,2003.2 P14-17
24.马志刚.无底柱分段崩落法合理爆破参数及放矿步距的探讨[J],冶金矿山设计与建设,第2期,1994 P24-27
25.周传波.无底柱分段崩落法崩矿步距及贫损指标的计算模型与实例[J],有色矿冶,第4期,1994P5-8
26.王文杰、任凤玉.无底柱分段崩落法矿石贫化原因分析[J],中国矿业,第3期,2008.3 P69-72
27.张国建、蔡美峰无底柱分段崩落法应进一步研究的几个问题[J],中国矿业,第11期,2003 P41-43
28.范庆霞、许元清.梅山铁矿凿岩爆破参数优化的探讨[J],矿业工程,第1期,2008.2 P39-41
29.李其昌、吴超.优化凿岩爆破参数降低回采大块率[J],中国钨业,第3期,2004.6 P24-26
30.王新忠、孙德胜.中深孔凿岩爆破参数优化的试验与研究[J],有色金属,第4期,2005.7 P14-16
31.林德余.矿山爆破工程,北京：冶金工业出版社,1993.10
32.刘兴国.放矿理论基础,北京：冶金工业出版社,1995.5
33.谢世俊.金属矿床地下开采,北京：冶金工业出版社,1979.11
34.曹其华.后和睦山矿体采矿方法实验研究[D],沈阳：东北大学,2004.12
35.许宝红.控制扇形炮孔装药量的实践[J],矿业快报,第17期,2001.9 P14-15
36. Jerzy L. Application of the equation of stochastic processes-to mechanics of loose bodies[J],Arch Stos,1956,8(4):393-411
37.Mullins W W. Stochastic theory of partical flow under gravity [J],Applphys, 1972,43(3):665-678
2.范庆霞.梅山大间距集中化无底柱采矿新工艺研究工作回顾[J],《采矿技术》.2004.6 Vol.4P：74-76
3.王建军.无底柱分段崩落法的改进[J],《有色金属》,2001.3 P31-33
4.任凤玉.随机介质放矿理论及其应用[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1994。
5.贺小庆.降低中深孔爆破落矿大块率的途径[J],《矿业快报》,2003.4 P21-22
6.宋卫东等.扇形孔破岩机理的全息动光弹研究[J],《河北理工学院学报》,2001.11,No.4
7.张生华.坚硬难爆矿石中深孔爆破方法的改进[J],《有色金属》,1994.9
8. Bai Y L、Ling Z、Luo L M and Ke F J,11th us Nat Cong, Appj. Mech., Tucson USA,1990.
9.齐金铎.现代爆破理论,北京：冶金工业出版社[M],1996.5
10.U.兰格福斯(瑞典).岩石爆破现代技术[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1963
11.φ. A. BayM(原苏联).爆炸物理学[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1972
12.宋守志.固体介质中的应力波[M],煤炭工业出版社,198
13.卢海湘.爆炸冲击波作用下岩体破碎机理的研究[J],《湖南有色金属》第18卷第3期2002.6 P32-35
14.冯明武,非电多段微差起爆网路在地下矿挤压爆破中的应用[J],《工程爆破》Vol8,No4.2002.12
15.朱殿柱、叶义成.论井下中深孔爆破反向起爆的优越性[J],《国外金属矿山》第5期2000.5 P18-21
16.魏善力.放出体形态的测定实验和研究[M],北京：北京科技大学,1982
17.孙光华,吕广忠.我国无底柱分段崩落法的发展方向[J],河北理工学院学报第29卷第2期2007.5 P4-6
18.刘智权.大间距无底柱分段崩落法回采爆破参数的研究[D],武汉：武汉科技大学,2005
19.范有才.大红山铁矿爆破参数及效果的分析[J],矿业快报,第2期,2007.2 P43-45
20.范庆霞.梅山铁矿采场崩矿步距的探讨[J],金属矿山,第9期,2007 P25-27
21.范庆霞.梅山铁矿凿岩爆破参数优化的探讨[J],矿业工程,第1期,2008.2P39-41
22.李向东、张强。扇形中深孔爆破参数优化试验研究[J],矿冶研究与开发,第1期,1995.3 P35-41
23.沈慧明、吴爱祥等.狮子山铜矿中深孔爆破参数优化设计研究[J],中国钼业,第1期,2003.2 P14-17
24.马志刚.无底柱分段崩落法合理爆破参数及放矿步距的探讨[J],冶金矿山设计与建设,第2期,1994 P24-27
25.周传波.无底柱分段崩落法崩矿步距及贫损指标的计算模型与实例[J],有色矿冶,第4期,1994P5-8
26.王文杰、任凤玉.无底柱分段崩落法矿石贫化原因分析[J],中国矿业,第3期,2008.3 P69-72
27.张国建、蔡美峰无底柱分段崩落法应进一步研究的几个问题[J],中国矿业,第11期,2003 P41-43
28.范庆霞、许元清.梅山铁矿凿岩爆破参数优化的探讨[J],矿业工程,第1期,2008.2 P39-41
29.李其昌、吴超.优化凿岩爆破参数降低回采大块率[J],中国钨业,第3期,2004.6 P24-26
30.王新忠、孙德胜.中深孔凿岩爆破参数优化的试验与研究[J],有色金属,第4期,2005.7 P14-16
31.林德余.矿山爆破工程,北京：冶金工业出版社,1993.10
32.刘兴国.放矿理论基础,北京：冶金工业出版社,1995.5
33.谢世俊.金属矿床地下开采,北京：冶金工业出版社,1979.11
34.曹其华.后和睦山矿体采矿方法实验研究[D],沈阳：东北大学,2004.12
35.许宝红.控制扇形炮孔装药量的实践[J],矿业快报,第17期,2001.9 P14-15
36. Jerzy L. Application of the equation of stochastic processes-to mechanics of loose bodies[J],Arch Stos,1956,8(4):393-411
37.Mullins W W. Stochastic theory of partical flow under gravity [J],Applphys, 1972,43(3):665-678