交易费用理论视角下我国价格听证制度研究
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摘要
随着经济体制和政治体制的改革进程,社会利益多元化,人们的权益意识增强,对民主、科学和高效的公共政策提出了更高的要求。我国公共决策领域进行了诸多变革和创新,其中价格听证制度最为引人注目。为了顺应时代趋势和满足社会需求,国家相关部门制定了《中华人民共和国价格法》、《政府制定价格听证办法》等一系列法律法规,规范了价格听证制度在我国的实施程序,确立了其法律地位和效力,标志着我国价格听证制度的基本建立。然而,价格听证的实践并没有达到制度设计的效果,“逢听必涨”、“听证专业户”、“听证帝”等怪现象层出不穷。一开始民众参加价格听证会的热情高涨,到后来嗤之以鼻,价格听证会被人们冠以“涨价会”,“听证秀”,“走过场”。我国价格听证会到底出了什么问题呢?本文尝试从交易费用理论出发,先从理论上分析了高效率价格听证制度产生的交易费用大小以及内外生交易费用结构比例,构建了交易费用函数；再结合我国价格听证制度建设和实践状况,分析我国价格听证制度产生的交易费用大小以及内外生交易费用结构比例,通过对比两者之间差距,指出我国价格听证制度效率缺失的原因,并为完善我国价格听证制度提出针对性的对策和建议。
本文从以下六个部分进行论证。第一章为绪论,介绍了研究背景和研究意义,并进行了国内外文献综述；第二章是问题的提出,首先界定了相关概念,论述了公用事业产品或服务的定价困境和实施价格听证的必要性,最后确定了研究的问题；第三章,分析了理论上价格听证的制度框架和权力信息关系,并构建了交易费用函数；第四章,简单介绍了我国价格听证制度的立法和实践现状；第五章,运用交易费用函数分析了我国价格听证制度的交易费用,并指出了与理论上的差异,分析了我国价格听证制度效率缺失的原因。第六章,系统地提出了完善我国价格听证制度的对策建议；最后的结论部分指出了本研究的不足,并且展望了未来我国价格听证制度的发展。
Along with the reform of economic system and political system, interests become more complicated in China, and the awareness of rights and interests i enhancing. The people are asking for more democratic, scientific and efficient police. Price hearing system is one of most attracting innovation among the reforms of decision-making. The publish of "PRC Price Law" and "the hearing method of government price-making", regulate the procedures of our country price hearing, and establish the legal status and effect, which mark the establish of price hearing system in China. However, the practice of price hearing haven't achieved the desired effect. The absurd phenomena, such as "specialized households of price hearing"',"king of price hearing", emerge constantly. In the beginning, the public are enthusiastic about price hearing. Afterwards, they sniff at it, and regard it as "price-rising hearing","hearing show","go through the motions". What happen to our country price hearing system? From the theory of transaction cost, this article analyses the structure and sum of transaction cost of price hearing theoretically, and establish the function of transaction cost. On the basis of legislation and practice, this paper analyses the transaction cost of our country price hearing system. By contrast, we can conclude the reasons of ineffectiveness of price hearing in our country, and put forward some constructive countermeasures.
This article is to relate and analyze from seven parts. Chapter one is introduction, which introduces the background and significance of this study. Chapter two is question presentation, which defines the conceptions concerned, secondly, demonstrates the dilemma of price-making and the necessary practice of price hearing, lastly, raises the question to be investigated. Chapter three analyzes institution framework and right-information chart of price hearing theoretically, and then establish the function of transaction cost. In chapter four, this article reviews the legislation and practice of price hearing in our country. In Chapter five, through the function of transaction cost, this article analyzes the transaction cost of price hearing system in our country, points out the gap between the theory and practice, and reveals the reasons of ineffectiveness. In Chapter six. put forward some constructive countermeasures to optimize our country price hearing system. In Chapter seven, point out the insufficient of this study, and predicts the future development of price hearing in our country.
本文从以下六个部分进行论证。第一章为绪论,介绍了研究背景和研究意义,并进行了国内外文献综述；第二章是问题的提出,首先界定了相关概念,论述了公用事业产品或服务的定价困境和实施价格听证的必要性,最后确定了研究的问题；第三章,分析了理论上价格听证的制度框架和权力信息关系,并构建了交易费用函数；第四章,简单介绍了我国价格听证制度的立法和实践现状；第五章,运用交易费用函数分析了我国价格听证制度的交易费用,并指出了与理论上的差异,分析了我国价格听证制度效率缺失的原因。第六章,系统地提出了完善我国价格听证制度的对策建议；最后的结论部分指出了本研究的不足,并且展望了未来我国价格听证制度的发展。
Along with the reform of economic system and political system, interests become more complicated in China, and the awareness of rights and interests i enhancing. The people are asking for more democratic, scientific and efficient police. Price hearing system is one of most attracting innovation among the reforms of decision-making. The publish of "PRC Price Law" and "the hearing method of government price-making", regulate the procedures of our country price hearing, and establish the legal status and effect, which mark the establish of price hearing system in China. However, the practice of price hearing haven't achieved the desired effect. The absurd phenomena, such as "specialized households of price hearing"',"king of price hearing", emerge constantly. In the beginning, the public are enthusiastic about price hearing. Afterwards, they sniff at it, and regard it as "price-rising hearing","hearing show","go through the motions". What happen to our country price hearing system? From the theory of transaction cost, this article analyses the structure and sum of transaction cost of price hearing theoretically, and establish the function of transaction cost. On the basis of legislation and practice, this paper analyses the transaction cost of our country price hearing system. By contrast, we can conclude the reasons of ineffectiveness of price hearing in our country, and put forward some constructive countermeasures.
This article is to relate and analyze from seven parts. Chapter one is introduction, which introduces the background and significance of this study. Chapter two is question presentation, which defines the conceptions concerned, secondly, demonstrates the dilemma of price-making and the necessary practice of price hearing, lastly, raises the question to be investigated. Chapter three analyzes institution framework and right-information chart of price hearing theoretically, and then establish the function of transaction cost. In chapter four, this article reviews the legislation and practice of price hearing in our country. In Chapter five, through the function of transaction cost, this article analyzes the transaction cost of price hearing system in our country, points out the gap between the theory and practice, and reveals the reasons of ineffectiveness. In Chapter six. put forward some constructive countermeasures to optimize our country price hearing system. In Chapter seven, point out the insufficient of this study, and predicts the future development of price hearing in our country.
引文
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[2][21][31]彭总超,薛澜.听证制度——透明决策与公共治理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[3]Cheekoway B. The Polities of Public Hearings[J] Journal of Applied Behavior Science. 1981.
[4]王翠娥.价格听证中讨价还价问题研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
[5][15]应松年,当代中国行政法[M].北京：中国方正出版社,2005.
[6]高鸿业.西方经济学[J].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[7][43]刘大伟.公用事业价格听证中消费者参与的法经济学研究[M].北京：法律出版社,2010.
[8]刘云龙.听证会制度与公共物品的定价[J].经济学消息报,1999.
[9]王雅丽,毕乐强.公共规制经济学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2011.
[10][11]卢现祥,新制度经济学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2001.
[12][32]程恩富,胡乐明.新制度经济学[M].北京：北京经济日报社,2005.
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[14]马骏,交易费用政治学：现状与前景[J].经济研究,2003(1)
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[20]张楠,中国价格听证制度研究[D].安徽大学硕士论文,2011.
[22]郑岩.实行“三公开”制度——探索政府定价新路子[J].上海市场价格,1997(9).
[23]曼瑟尔·奥尔森著,陈郁,郭宇峰,李崇新译.集体行动的逻辑[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007.
[24]载夏勇.走向权利的时代[M]北京：中国政法大学出版社,1995.
[25]李图强.现代公共行政中的公民参与[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2004.
[26]郑新骏.价格听证中的公众参与[J]湖北警官学院学报,2012(2).
[27]黄雁.基于利益集团理论的价格听证问题分析[J].经济观察,2012(1).
[28]赵迎辉.我国价格听证乱象的根源探究及对策分析[J]社科纵横,2012(6).
[29]吴丽,黄德林.价格听证会的信息公开化研究[J].湖北社会科学,2007(2).
[30]李小平.价格听证：仲裁模型与扩展解释——以我国首次铁路春运价格听证为例[J]重庆工学院学报,2005(6).
[33]周其仁.产权与制度变迁[J]北京大学出版社,2004.
[34]袁持平.香港政府行为研究[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008.
[35]王翠,从社团本质探析我国消费者协会的制度重构[D].中国政法大学硕士论文,2009.
[36]陈东.完善我国消费者参与价格听证的制度化渠道[J].滨州学院学报,2012(8).
[37]黄少安.产权理论与制度经济学[M].湘潭：湘潭大学出版社,2008.
[38]杨丽,何蕊.浅谈价格听证中的信息不对称问题及对策[J].社会观察,2012(2).
[39]徐云鹏,张旭昆.美国的价格听证制度及其启示[J].社会科学战线,2008,(12).
[40]徐云鹏.中美价格听证程序比较研究[J]河南财政税务高等专科学校学报,2011(10).
[41]沈艳妮.协商民主视野下我国公用事业价格听证中消费者参与研究[D].上海师范大学硕士论文,2010.
[42][英]密尔著,程崇华译.论自由[M].北京：商务印书馆,1982.
[44]程雁雷.对划分正式听证和非正式听证标准的思考[J].行政法学研究,2002(4).
[45]Williamson, O. Markets and Hierarchies:Analysis and Antitrust Implications [M]. New York: The Free Press,1975.
[46]王荣姣,对进一步完善价格听证制度的思考——南宁市物价局网上价格听证的探索与实践[J].市场论坛,2011(1)
[47]李亚,冯雯.关于网上价格听证的几点思考[J].北京行政学院学报,2007(5)
[48]付宇程.“公众参与”视野下的中国价格听证制度及其困境——引进英国的“书面咨询”制度[J].北方经济,2010(9)
[49]胡远聪,外部性视野下我国价格听证制度的完善[J].政法论丛,2012(3).
[50]赵颖,价格听证的法律规制研究[D].重庆：两南政法大学硕士论文,2011.
[51]笪凤媛,交易费用的测度方法及其在中国的应用研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学博士论文,2010.
[2][21][31]彭总超,薛澜.听证制度——透明决策与公共治理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[3]Cheekoway B. The Polities of Public Hearings[J] Journal of Applied Behavior Science. 1981.
[4]王翠娥.价格听证中讨价还价问题研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
[5][15]应松年,当代中国行政法[M].北京：中国方正出版社,2005.
[6]高鸿业.西方经济学[J].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[7][43]刘大伟.公用事业价格听证中消费者参与的法经济学研究[M].北京：法律出版社,2010.
[8]刘云龙.听证会制度与公共物品的定价[J].经济学消息报,1999.
[9]王雅丽,毕乐强.公共规制经济学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2011.
[10][11]卢现祥,新制度经济学[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2001.
[12][32]程恩富,胡乐明.新制度经济学[M].北京：北京经济日报社,2005.
[13]马骏,收入生产、交易成本与宪政体制[J].开放时代,2003(4).
[14]马骏,交易费用政治学：现状与前景[J].经济研究,2003(1)
[15]马骏,中国公共预算改革[M].中央编译出版社,2005.
[16]张五常,五常学经济[M].北京：中信出版社,2010.
[17]Mater, Jean. Public Hearings Procedures and Strategies [M].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, 1986.
[18]陈曦,我国价格听证制度的交易费用研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2006.
[19]李春燕,中国公共听证制度研究.[D].北京：中国政法大学,2007.
[20]张楠,中国价格听证制度研究[D].安徽大学硕士论文,2011.
[22]郑岩.实行“三公开”制度——探索政府定价新路子[J].上海市场价格,1997(9).
[23]曼瑟尔·奥尔森著,陈郁,郭宇峰,李崇新译.集体行动的逻辑[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007.
[24]载夏勇.走向权利的时代[M]北京：中国政法大学出版社,1995.
[25]李图强.现代公共行政中的公民参与[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2004.
[26]郑新骏.价格听证中的公众参与[J]湖北警官学院学报,2012(2).
[27]黄雁.基于利益集团理论的价格听证问题分析[J].经济观察,2012(1).
[28]赵迎辉.我国价格听证乱象的根源探究及对策分析[J]社科纵横,2012(6).
[29]吴丽,黄德林.价格听证会的信息公开化研究[J].湖北社会科学,2007(2).
[30]李小平.价格听证：仲裁模型与扩展解释——以我国首次铁路春运价格听证为例[J]重庆工学院学报,2005(6).
[33]周其仁.产权与制度变迁[J]北京大学出版社,2004.
[34]袁持平.香港政府行为研究[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008.
[35]王翠,从社团本质探析我国消费者协会的制度重构[D].中国政法大学硕士论文,2009.
[36]陈东.完善我国消费者参与价格听证的制度化渠道[J].滨州学院学报,2012(8).
[37]黄少安.产权理论与制度经济学[M].湘潭：湘潭大学出版社,2008.
[38]杨丽,何蕊.浅谈价格听证中的信息不对称问题及对策[J].社会观察,2012(2).
[39]徐云鹏,张旭昆.美国的价格听证制度及其启示[J].社会科学战线,2008,(12).
[40]徐云鹏.中美价格听证程序比较研究[J]河南财政税务高等专科学校学报,2011(10).
[41]沈艳妮.协商民主视野下我国公用事业价格听证中消费者参与研究[D].上海师范大学硕士论文,2010.
[42][英]密尔著,程崇华译.论自由[M].北京：商务印书馆,1982.
[44]程雁雷.对划分正式听证和非正式听证标准的思考[J].行政法学研究,2002(4).
[45]Williamson, O. Markets and Hierarchies:Analysis and Antitrust Implications [M]. New York: The Free Press,1975.
[46]王荣姣,对进一步完善价格听证制度的思考——南宁市物价局网上价格听证的探索与实践[J].市场论坛,2011(1)
[47]李亚,冯雯.关于网上价格听证的几点思考[J].北京行政学院学报,2007(5)
[48]付宇程.“公众参与”视野下的中国价格听证制度及其困境——引进英国的“书面咨询”制度[J].北方经济,2010(9)
[49]胡远聪,外部性视野下我国价格听证制度的完善[J].政法论丛,2012(3).
[50]赵颖,价格听证的法律规制研究[D].重庆：两南政法大学硕士论文,2011.
[51]笪凤媛,交易费用的测度方法及其在中国的应用研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学博士论文,2010.