城市土地集约利用理论分析与评价研究
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摘要
近几年来,随着我国城市化进程的加速推进,城市地域和人口不断增加,从而造成土地的需求量也日益迅速增长。在我国土地资源普遍短缺的现状下,城市化发展中各类型用地(包括农用地、建设用地和生态用地)的供需矛盾已日益尖锐。一是因为我国人多地少、土地总量供应不足,使得数量型粗放增长难以为继；二是现存土地使用效率低下、用地结构不合理,又造成大量闲置浪费现象；三是一些地方为了谋求短期、局部利益,不惜牺牲稀缺的土地资源。这种竭泽而渔的行为,加剧了土地的供求矛盾,带来了经济社会发展的一系列矛盾。针对以上土地利用的现实背景,我国许多城市已开始树立土地集约利用的思想,并在实践中进行了探索。五华区作为新昆明建设中的主城区之一,用地问题尤为重要。
本文坚持“保障合理用地”的原则,进一步拓展节约集约用地的思路；通过建立城市土地利用系统及其三大子系统,在宏观和中观层面分别运用不同的定量方法对各个系统进行了集约度的评价和比较,在土地集约利用领域进行了系统的理论分析和评价研究,并给出相应的对策建议。
本文主要完成了以下研究：
①阐述了城市土地集约利用的新内涵：在“构建社会主义和谐社会”“可持续发展”的重要思想指导下,提出了基于宏观层面的土地集约利用新内涵；
②建立一套新的城市土地集约利用评价指标体系。选取了城市土地利用系统整体、以及三大子系统分别作为宏观层面和中观层面的集约度评价对象,另外生态用地子系统评价指标的选取角度和含义均区别于以往的研究；
③获得了针对五华区不同用地类型的集约度评价成果。对五华区土地利用系统及其三大子系统分别采用四种不同的定量评价模型,并结合调研数据,采用统计方法、“3S”技术辅助分析；
④综合五华区区域特点及各种用地类型给出了提高集约度的建议和对策。
In recent years, as the urbanization speeding up in China, city regions and population continue to expand which cause demand for land increasing rapidly. As land resource is in wide shortage in China, the contradiction of supply and demand for each type of land (including farmland, construction-land and eco-land) are becoming increasingly acute. First, vast population and limited land made gross land be in short supply, therefore, the quantitative extensive growth is difficult to continue; Second, the low efficiency of land-use and unreasonable land structure cause spare and waste in existing land. Third, a number of places to seek short-term and local interests at the expense of the scarce land resources. The acts, exacerbated the supply and demand of land conflicts brought about the economic and social development of a series of contradictions. To deal with the reality of land-use background, the ideas of intensive land-use have been built up in many cities in China and explored in practice. Wuhua District is one of the main urban areas of new Kunming building, the land issue is particularly important.
In this article, hold on the principle of land for reasonable protection, to further develop the idea of land-intensive. Through establishing urban land-use system and its three subsystems,different quantitative methods have been utilized from macro and middle layers to evaluate and compare the intensive extent for every system and subsystems. make a systemic theory analysis and evaluation study on the land intensive utilization field, and then the measures have been proposed.
The main Research of this article includes:
①The new connotation of urban land intensive utilization has been defined. Under the guidance of significant thought of "constructing harmonious socialist society" "sustainable development", the new connotation of urban land intensive utilization based on the macro-layer has been defined in this article;
②The new evaluation index system of urban land intensive utilization has been constructed. Choose the urban land-use system integration as the evaluation subject of intensive extent from macro-layer, and choose the three subsystems as the evaluation subject of intensive extent from middle-layer in this article. The selected angles and implications of evaluation indexes of every system and subsystems are different from the former researches;
③The evaluation achievements of intensive extent of different land-use types which aimed for Wuhua district has been gained. Through adopting four different kinds of quantitative evaluation models for land-use system and its three subsystems in Wuhua district, and combining with data from investigation, use the statistical methods and the "3S"technology to assisted analysis.
④The measures and proposal aimed for the different land types of Wuhua district, which improve intensive extent have been given.
本文坚持“保障合理用地”的原则,进一步拓展节约集约用地的思路；通过建立城市土地利用系统及其三大子系统,在宏观和中观层面分别运用不同的定量方法对各个系统进行了集约度的评价和比较,在土地集约利用领域进行了系统的理论分析和评价研究,并给出相应的对策建议。
本文主要完成了以下研究：
①阐述了城市土地集约利用的新内涵：在“构建社会主义和谐社会”“可持续发展”的重要思想指导下,提出了基于宏观层面的土地集约利用新内涵；
②建立一套新的城市土地集约利用评价指标体系。选取了城市土地利用系统整体、以及三大子系统分别作为宏观层面和中观层面的集约度评价对象,另外生态用地子系统评价指标的选取角度和含义均区别于以往的研究；
③获得了针对五华区不同用地类型的集约度评价成果。对五华区土地利用系统及其三大子系统分别采用四种不同的定量评价模型,并结合调研数据,采用统计方法、“3S”技术辅助分析；
④综合五华区区域特点及各种用地类型给出了提高集约度的建议和对策。
In recent years, as the urbanization speeding up in China, city regions and population continue to expand which cause demand for land increasing rapidly. As land resource is in wide shortage in China, the contradiction of supply and demand for each type of land (including farmland, construction-land and eco-land) are becoming increasingly acute. First, vast population and limited land made gross land be in short supply, therefore, the quantitative extensive growth is difficult to continue; Second, the low efficiency of land-use and unreasonable land structure cause spare and waste in existing land. Third, a number of places to seek short-term and local interests at the expense of the scarce land resources. The acts, exacerbated the supply and demand of land conflicts brought about the economic and social development of a series of contradictions. To deal with the reality of land-use background, the ideas of intensive land-use have been built up in many cities in China and explored in practice. Wuhua District is one of the main urban areas of new Kunming building, the land issue is particularly important.
In this article, hold on the principle of land for reasonable protection, to further develop the idea of land-intensive. Through establishing urban land-use system and its three subsystems,different quantitative methods have been utilized from macro and middle layers to evaluate and compare the intensive extent for every system and subsystems. make a systemic theory analysis and evaluation study on the land intensive utilization field, and then the measures have been proposed.
The main Research of this article includes:
①The new connotation of urban land intensive utilization has been defined. Under the guidance of significant thought of "constructing harmonious socialist society" "sustainable development", the new connotation of urban land intensive utilization based on the macro-layer has been defined in this article;
②The new evaluation index system of urban land intensive utilization has been constructed. Choose the urban land-use system integration as the evaluation subject of intensive extent from macro-layer, and choose the three subsystems as the evaluation subject of intensive extent from middle-layer in this article. The selected angles and implications of evaluation indexes of every system and subsystems are different from the former researches;
③The evaluation achievements of intensive extent of different land-use types which aimed for Wuhua district has been gained. Through adopting four different kinds of quantitative evaluation models for land-use system and its three subsystems in Wuhua district, and combining with data from investigation, use the statistical methods and the "3S"technology to assisted analysis.
④The measures and proposal aimed for the different land types of Wuhua district, which improve intensive extent have been given.
引文
[1]新浪网,http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2005-06-20/06266215951 s.shtml
[2]昆明市规划修编办.昆明市五华区国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划
[3]陈士俊,王树恩,季子林.科学技术论与方法论纲要.天津：天津大学出版社,1994.10,286-287
[4]胡永宏,贺思辉.综合评价方法.北京：科学出版社,2000.1
[5]理查得.T.伊利,爱德华.W.莫尔豪斯.土地经济学原理(腾维藻译).北京：商务印书馆,1982
[6]陶志红.城市土地集约利用几个基本问题的探讨.中国土地科学,2000.5,1-5
[7]马克伟.土地大辞典.长春：长春出版社,1991：838-839
[8]周诚.土地经济学原理.北京：商务印书馆,2003：23-384
[9]毕宝德.土地经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001：190-321
[10]龚义,吴小平,欧阳安蛟.城市土地集约利用内涵界定及评价指标体系设计.浙江国土资源,2002(1)：46-49
[11]林坚,陈祁晖,晋璟瑶.土地应该怎么用—城市土地集约利用的内涵与指标评价.中国土地,2004(11)：4-7
[12]Cervero.Robert, Seskin.samuel. an evaluation of the relationships between transit and urban form. TCRP Research Results Digest,1995
[13]朱林兴.简论“城市集约用地”.华东经济管理,1998,13(2)：26-27
[14]董黎明,袁利平.集约利用土地—21世纪中国城市土地利用的重大方向.中国土地科学,2000,14(5)：6-8
[15]赵鹏军,彭建.城市土地高效集约化利用及其评价指标体系.资源科学,2001(5)
[16]何芳,魏静.城市化与城市土地集约利用.中国土地,2001(3)
[17]骆辉.句容市城市土地集约利用潜力评价[硕士论文].河海大学,2005.12
[18]刘黎明.土地资源学.北京：中国农业大学出版社,2002
[19]陈玮.论集约用地与产业集聚.中国土地科学,2000,14(6)：14-30
[20]高洪深.区域经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
[21]何芳,吴正训.国内外城市土地集约利用研究综述与分析.国土经济,2002(3)： 35-37
[22]江美球.城市学.北京：科学普及出版社,1988
[23]新华网.什么是可持续发展.2005.03.02http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-08/21/comtent_533048.htm
[24]Asheim. G..B.Net national Product as an Indicator of Sustainability.scand J. Econ, 1994
[25]Roseland M. Dimension of the Future:An Eco-city Overview. Eco-city Dimensions, Edited by Roseland M. New Society Publishers.1997
[26]William E.Riebsame, James Wescoat and Peter Morrisette. Western Land Use Trends and Policy:Implications for Water Resources, Report to the Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commisson,1997
[27]陈泉生,余伟京.海峡两岸土地的利用和保护比较.2001年中国法学会环境资源法学研究会年会论文集,2001
[28]宋毅.城市土地集约利用的理论研究[博士论文].天津大学,2005
[29]林文雄.宜章县土地可持续利用评价指标体系研究[硕士论文].湖南师范大学,2007.6
[30]Allen P,Sanglier M. Urban Evolution, Self-Organisation and Decision Making, Enviroment and Planning,1981(21)
[31]国土地资源部.全国土地分类(试行),2001.08
[32]张丽琴.城市土地利用评价指标体系构建.资源开发与市场,2003(5)
[33]张坤民,温宗国,杜斌等.生态城市评估与指标体系.北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[34]Bolund P and Hunhammar S. Analysis Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological economica,1999(29)
[35]陈述云.多指标综合评价方法及其优化选择研究.数理统计与管理,1994(5)：34-38
[36]薛薇.统计分析与SPSS的应用.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001
[37]郭显光.熵值法及其在综合评价中的应用.财贸研究,1994,20(6)：56-60
[38]廖重斌.环境与经济协调发展的定量评判及其分类体系.热带地理,1999,19(2)：171-177
[39]程效东.城市土地集约利用及其潜力评价研究—以马鞍山市为例[硕士论文]南京农业大学,2004.6
[40]五华区国土局.昆明市五华区土地志,2007.2
[41]昆明市公安局五华分局.五华区1997-2005年人口基本情况统计,2005
[42]五华区统计局.五华区2005年统计年鉴
[43]五华区国土局.五华区更新调查数据,2006
[44]云金地科技有限公司.五华区耕地和基本农田保护研究,2007
[45]中华人民共和国建设部.GBJ137-90,城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准
[46]刘莹.农村土地流转问题的思考,2004http://www.privatelaw.com.cn/new2004/
[47]沈欣,刘宝成,陆文龙等.关于加快发展天津市农业高新技术及其产业的对策建议,2003-10-09http://report.drc.gov.cn/drenet/series.nsf/0/5af74ceff36f8a7748256ec200237cea
[48]肖梦.城市微观宏观经济学.北京：人民出版社,1993
[49]中科院年度报告.未来50年城市化将耗资15万亿.新京报,2005.03.02
[2]昆明市规划修编办.昆明市五华区国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划
[3]陈士俊,王树恩,季子林.科学技术论与方法论纲要.天津：天津大学出版社,1994.10,286-287
[4]胡永宏,贺思辉.综合评价方法.北京：科学出版社,2000.1
[5]理查得.T.伊利,爱德华.W.莫尔豪斯.土地经济学原理(腾维藻译).北京：商务印书馆,1982
[6]陶志红.城市土地集约利用几个基本问题的探讨.中国土地科学,2000.5,1-5
[7]马克伟.土地大辞典.长春：长春出版社,1991：838-839
[8]周诚.土地经济学原理.北京：商务印书馆,2003：23-384
[9]毕宝德.土地经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001：190-321
[10]龚义,吴小平,欧阳安蛟.城市土地集约利用内涵界定及评价指标体系设计.浙江国土资源,2002(1)：46-49
[11]林坚,陈祁晖,晋璟瑶.土地应该怎么用—城市土地集约利用的内涵与指标评价.中国土地,2004(11)：4-7
[12]Cervero.Robert, Seskin.samuel. an evaluation of the relationships between transit and urban form. TCRP Research Results Digest,1995
[13]朱林兴.简论“城市集约用地”.华东经济管理,1998,13(2)：26-27
[14]董黎明,袁利平.集约利用土地—21世纪中国城市土地利用的重大方向.中国土地科学,2000,14(5)：6-8
[15]赵鹏军,彭建.城市土地高效集约化利用及其评价指标体系.资源科学,2001(5)
[16]何芳,魏静.城市化与城市土地集约利用.中国土地,2001(3)
[17]骆辉.句容市城市土地集约利用潜力评价[硕士论文].河海大学,2005.12
[18]刘黎明.土地资源学.北京：中国农业大学出版社,2002
[19]陈玮.论集约用地与产业集聚.中国土地科学,2000,14(6)：14-30
[20]高洪深.区域经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
[21]何芳,吴正训.国内外城市土地集约利用研究综述与分析.国土经济,2002(3)： 35-37
[22]江美球.城市学.北京：科学普及出版社,1988
[23]新华网.什么是可持续发展.2005.03.02http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-08/21/comtent_533048.htm
[24]Asheim. G..B.Net national Product as an Indicator of Sustainability.scand J. Econ, 1994
[25]Roseland M. Dimension of the Future:An Eco-city Overview. Eco-city Dimensions, Edited by Roseland M. New Society Publishers.1997
[26]William E.Riebsame, James Wescoat and Peter Morrisette. Western Land Use Trends and Policy:Implications for Water Resources, Report to the Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commisson,1997
[27]陈泉生,余伟京.海峡两岸土地的利用和保护比较.2001年中国法学会环境资源法学研究会年会论文集,2001
[28]宋毅.城市土地集约利用的理论研究[博士论文].天津大学,2005
[29]林文雄.宜章县土地可持续利用评价指标体系研究[硕士论文].湖南师范大学,2007.6
[30]Allen P,Sanglier M. Urban Evolution, Self-Organisation and Decision Making, Enviroment and Planning,1981(21)
[31]国土地资源部.全国土地分类(试行),2001.08
[32]张丽琴.城市土地利用评价指标体系构建.资源开发与市场,2003(5)
[33]张坤民,温宗国,杜斌等.生态城市评估与指标体系.北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[34]Bolund P and Hunhammar S. Analysis Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological economica,1999(29)
[35]陈述云.多指标综合评价方法及其优化选择研究.数理统计与管理,1994(5)：34-38
[36]薛薇.统计分析与SPSS的应用.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001
[37]郭显光.熵值法及其在综合评价中的应用.财贸研究,1994,20(6)：56-60
[38]廖重斌.环境与经济协调发展的定量评判及其分类体系.热带地理,1999,19(2)：171-177
[39]程效东.城市土地集约利用及其潜力评价研究—以马鞍山市为例[硕士论文]南京农业大学,2004.6
[40]五华区国土局.昆明市五华区土地志,2007.2
[41]昆明市公安局五华分局.五华区1997-2005年人口基本情况统计,2005
[42]五华区统计局.五华区2005年统计年鉴
[43]五华区国土局.五华区更新调查数据,2006
[44]云金地科技有限公司.五华区耕地和基本农田保护研究,2007
[45]中华人民共和国建设部.GBJ137-90,城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准
[46]刘莹.农村土地流转问题的思考,2004http://www.privatelaw.com.cn/new2004/
[47]沈欣,刘宝成,陆文龙等.关于加快发展天津市农业高新技术及其产业的对策建议,2003-10-09http://report.drc.gov.cn/drenet/series.nsf/0/5af74ceff36f8a7748256ec200237cea
[48]肖梦.城市微观宏观经济学.北京：人民出版社,1993
[49]中科院年度报告.未来50年城市化将耗资15万亿.新京报,2005.03.02