农村劳动力转移对湖南农村经济影响的研究
摘要
湖南省是个农业大省,又是一个人口大省,农村人口人平耕地只有1.09亩,低于全国1.78亩/人的水平。长期以来,农民的主要收入来源是农业生产,而且是以种植业为主,随着农产品由卖方市场转为买方市场的变化,农业比较效益低下,在这有限的土地上,农民难以脱贫致富,难以推进“三化”进程,如何将这强大的人口压力转为劳动力资源优势,推行农村剩余劳动力转移是目前切实可行的途径。因此,如何推行农村劳动力转移是一个值得研究的课题。
本文采用理论与实证分析相结合的方法,对湖南省自1987-2006年农村经济发展情况与农村劳动力的流动动态做了一些比较分析,就农村劳动力转移促进湖南农村经济发展的机理进行重点调查研究。农村劳动力转移促进了湖南GDP的增长,增加了农民收入,加快了农业产业结构调整的步伐,推进城镇化进程及新农村建设进程,同时也提高了农民的综合素质。正是基于农村劳动力转移对农村经济发展的巨大影响,对我省农村劳动力转移相关问题的研究就具有了重大的理论和现实意义。
湖南省农村劳动力存量大、增速快,据估算湖南省目前尚有1400万农村劳动力需要转移,庞大的农村剩余劳动力得不到合理转移,将是一种巨大的人力资源浪费。要解决好这一问题,就要消除一些不利因素,进行制度创新,同时,要充分发挥湖南的区位优势、资源优势、交通优势,进行产业结构调整,如何拓宽农村劳动力就业途径,是一个值得研究的问题。
农村劳动力转移是世界经济发展的规律,过去以来的专家、学者进行过较为深奥的研究,为本研究提供了启示,同时从传统理论的研究及社会发展的趋势也得到了一些启发,本人认为湖南农村劳动力转移自改革开放以来经历了快速增长、减缓、增速、下降,现在已经进入了一个稳定发展阶段,虽然现在还存在着一些政策障碍、农民自身素质等因素的影响,但随着社会的进步,将不断得到改善。政府作为农民合理流动的促进器,在充分发挥市场这只无形的手作用的同时,要做好宏观调控规划,从湖南目前劳动力转移的人员结构及发展速度来看,已转移人员中16-20岁人员占26.8%,自2002年至2006年,年均增长18.7%,这是一个与我国当前经济发展阶段,发展中国家经验不相符的现象。农村青年农民过早地进入劳动力市场,使其受教育的时间会缩短,不利于人力资本水平的提高和劳动力可持续发展。农村劳动力转移的速度、数量要有一个限度,否则会出现新的社会矛盾。进行合理引导、改善政策环境、建立保障机制、提高农民素质是推进湖南农村剩余劳动力转移的有效措施。
Hunan province is a large agricultural province, and it is also a province with large numbers of population The rural people own only 1.09 mu plowland every person, less than the average level, 1.78 mu per a person in the whole province. Since a long period of time, farmers' main channel of earning is the production of agriculture, further more, mostly depending on planting. With the farm product has been changed from seller's mardet to buyer's market, the profit in this is rather low. So, it is difficult for farmers to get rid of poverty and come to richness and promote the progress of the 'SanHua' because of this very limited land. How to transfer the strong population stress into labor force resource? It is a practical and viable method that let the surplus labor force go out of the country. And how to put thetransformation of the rural labor force into practice is a worthy course to study.
In the context, we use the demonstration to compare and analysis the development of the rural economics and the trends of the movement of the rural labor force from 1987 to 2006.We also investigation and research focus on the mechanism of transfer of rural labor force to promote rural economic development in Hunan. The transfer of rural labor force to promote the growth of the GDP in Hunan, an increase of the income of the farmers and accelerate the pace of adjustment of agricultural structure, promote the urbanization process and the process of building new countryside, but also improve the overall quality of the peasants.It is precisely because of the transfer of rural labor force in rural economic development, tremendous impact on our province transfer of rural labor issues related to a study on the major theoretical and practical significance.
Hunan stock of the rural labor force, fast growth, according to estimates in Hunan Province are still 14 million rural laborers need to transfer, the huge surplus rural laborers are not reasonable transfer, will be a tremendous waste of human resources.To solve this problem, it is necessary to eliminate some unfavorable factors, system innovation, at the same time, should give full play to the geographical advantages of Hunan, its advantages in resources, transport advantages, industrial restructuring.How to broaden the channels of employment of rural labor force, is a study of the problem.
The transformation of the rural population is the rule of economic development of the world. From then, many experts, scholars have made a deep study in this course, which makes great elicitation to our study. On the same time, we gained a lot from the traditional and theoretic study and the trend of the whole society development. Personally, I found that the transformation had experienced a rapid rise, reduce, rise and decline since the Reform and Opening-up, and now, it has come into a stable seedtime.Though there is still some politic hindrance and the problem of the fanners themselves, it will be constantly improved with the development of the society. The government, being a reasonable promotion of the transformation of the fanners, should make good use of the market, this invisible hand, meanwhile, should do a good job in macroeconomic control. According to the recent transferred personnel structure and the tempo in HunanProvince, the proportion of the people from 16-year-old to 20-year-old,26.8%. From 2002 to 2006, the average speed is 18.7%, which is not a coincident phenomenon for us current economy developing, compared with the experience of the developing country. Young people, putting their feet to society rather earlier, have received little education. It is not benefit to the improvement of the manpower capital level and the sustainable development of the labor force. The speed and the amount of the transfer should have a limit, or else, it will come forth a new social contradiction. To make a reasonable lead, improve the politic condition, establish a safeguarded system and to improve farmer's quality are the effectual measure to put the transfer of the rural labor force in Hunan go quickly.
本文采用理论与实证分析相结合的方法,对湖南省自1987-2006年农村经济发展情况与农村劳动力的流动动态做了一些比较分析,就农村劳动力转移促进湖南农村经济发展的机理进行重点调查研究。农村劳动力转移促进了湖南GDP的增长,增加了农民收入,加快了农业产业结构调整的步伐,推进城镇化进程及新农村建设进程,同时也提高了农民的综合素质。正是基于农村劳动力转移对农村经济发展的巨大影响,对我省农村劳动力转移相关问题的研究就具有了重大的理论和现实意义。
湖南省农村劳动力存量大、增速快,据估算湖南省目前尚有1400万农村劳动力需要转移,庞大的农村剩余劳动力得不到合理转移,将是一种巨大的人力资源浪费。要解决好这一问题,就要消除一些不利因素,进行制度创新,同时,要充分发挥湖南的区位优势、资源优势、交通优势,进行产业结构调整,如何拓宽农村劳动力就业途径,是一个值得研究的问题。
农村劳动力转移是世界经济发展的规律,过去以来的专家、学者进行过较为深奥的研究,为本研究提供了启示,同时从传统理论的研究及社会发展的趋势也得到了一些启发,本人认为湖南农村劳动力转移自改革开放以来经历了快速增长、减缓、增速、下降,现在已经进入了一个稳定发展阶段,虽然现在还存在着一些政策障碍、农民自身素质等因素的影响,但随着社会的进步,将不断得到改善。政府作为农民合理流动的促进器,在充分发挥市场这只无形的手作用的同时,要做好宏观调控规划,从湖南目前劳动力转移的人员结构及发展速度来看,已转移人员中16-20岁人员占26.8%,自2002年至2006年,年均增长18.7%,这是一个与我国当前经济发展阶段,发展中国家经验不相符的现象。农村青年农民过早地进入劳动力市场,使其受教育的时间会缩短,不利于人力资本水平的提高和劳动力可持续发展。农村劳动力转移的速度、数量要有一个限度,否则会出现新的社会矛盾。进行合理引导、改善政策环境、建立保障机制、提高农民素质是推进湖南农村剩余劳动力转移的有效措施。
Hunan province is a large agricultural province, and it is also a province with large numbers of population The rural people own only 1.09 mu plowland every person, less than the average level, 1.78 mu per a person in the whole province. Since a long period of time, farmers' main channel of earning is the production of agriculture, further more, mostly depending on planting. With the farm product has been changed from seller's mardet to buyer's market, the profit in this is rather low. So, it is difficult for farmers to get rid of poverty and come to richness and promote the progress of the 'SanHua' because of this very limited land. How to transfer the strong population stress into labor force resource? It is a practical and viable method that let the surplus labor force go out of the country. And how to put thetransformation of the rural labor force into practice is a worthy course to study.
In the context, we use the demonstration to compare and analysis the development of the rural economics and the trends of the movement of the rural labor force from 1987 to 2006.We also investigation and research focus on the mechanism of transfer of rural labor force to promote rural economic development in Hunan. The transfer of rural labor force to promote the growth of the GDP in Hunan, an increase of the income of the farmers and accelerate the pace of adjustment of agricultural structure, promote the urbanization process and the process of building new countryside, but also improve the overall quality of the peasants.It is precisely because of the transfer of rural labor force in rural economic development, tremendous impact on our province transfer of rural labor issues related to a study on the major theoretical and practical significance.
Hunan stock of the rural labor force, fast growth, according to estimates in Hunan Province are still 14 million rural laborers need to transfer, the huge surplus rural laborers are not reasonable transfer, will be a tremendous waste of human resources.To solve this problem, it is necessary to eliminate some unfavorable factors, system innovation, at the same time, should give full play to the geographical advantages of Hunan, its advantages in resources, transport advantages, industrial restructuring.How to broaden the channels of employment of rural labor force, is a study of the problem.
The transformation of the rural population is the rule of economic development of the world. From then, many experts, scholars have made a deep study in this course, which makes great elicitation to our study. On the same time, we gained a lot from the traditional and theoretic study and the trend of the whole society development. Personally, I found that the transformation had experienced a rapid rise, reduce, rise and decline since the Reform and Opening-up, and now, it has come into a stable seedtime.Though there is still some politic hindrance and the problem of the fanners themselves, it will be constantly improved with the development of the society. The government, being a reasonable promotion of the transformation of the fanners, should make good use of the market, this invisible hand, meanwhile, should do a good job in macroeconomic control. According to the recent transferred personnel structure and the tempo in HunanProvince, the proportion of the people from 16-year-old to 20-year-old,26.8%. From 2002 to 2006, the average speed is 18.7%, which is not a coincident phenomenon for us current economy developing, compared with the experience of the developing country. Young people, putting their feet to society rather earlier, have received little education. It is not benefit to the improvement of the manpower capital level and the sustainable development of the labor force. The speed and the amount of the transfer should have a limit, or else, it will come forth a new social contradiction. To make a reasonable lead, improve the politic condition, establish a safeguarded system and to improve farmer's quality are the effectual measure to put the transfer of the rural labor force in Hunan go quickly.
引文
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