应急物资敏捷筹措网络构建研究
摘要
当今世界,局部的、区域性的、甚至是国家或全球范围内的自然灾害、公共卫生突发性事件频发发生,给人类造成重大甚至是毁灭性打击,对人类的生存和社会的发展构成了重大的威胁。加强应对自然灾害、突发性公共卫生事件、突发性公共安全事件等严重危害社会稳定事件的应急能力建设,已成为各国政府关注的热点。
应急物流系统建设是应急能力建设的重要组成部分。高效的应急物流系统能够为突发性公共事件提供大量必须的应急救援物资,对减少各类突发公共事件造成的人员和财产损失、防止事件危害程度的进一步恶化、加快灾后重建、加快恢复秩序和生产等都有重要的作用。物资筹措环节作为应急物流首要环节对整个应急物流系统的运作效率都起到了至关重要的作用。建立高效、敏捷的应急物资筹措系统对应对难以预测的突发事件,提升应急物流系统效率,增强应急能力都尤为关键。
本文在研究敏捷制造、敏捷供应链、应急供应链、国民经济动员相关理论基础之上结合我国应急物流系统的运作实际,提出了敏捷应急供应链的概念。研究了敏捷应急供应链和以其为基础的应急物资敏捷筹措网络构建的相关问题。主要有以下一些内容：
首先,研究了敏捷应急供应链的定义、内涵、运作环境和实现方法。其次研究了现有筹措途径及特点,敏捷筹措网络的结构及组织,结合应急物资的需求特点研究了单一物资需求的情况应急物资敏捷筹措网络的双层规划两级系统模型,并研究了模型的优化算法。之后,研究了应急物资敏捷筹措网络的实体选择指标体系、以市场机制、行政手段、法律保障为基础的网络运作协调机制和参与实体的补偿机制。最后,从时间性、成本、稳定性和适应性四个方面构建了应急物资敏捷筹措网络的敏捷性评价指标体系,使用AHP方法评价网络的敏捷性。
In the current world, local, regional and even national or global scale natural disasters, public health emergencies occur frequently, causing significant and even destructive blow to the survival of human and social development. How to strengthen emergency response to natural disasters, public health emergencies, unexpected serious public safety incidents and other emergency incidents including social stability and capacity-building, has become a hot spot of every government in the world.
The construction of emergency logistics system is an important component of emergency response capacity-building. Highly efficient emergency logistics system for the sudden emergency of public events is beneficial to provide a large number of essential emergency relief supplies to reduce all types of public emergencies resulting from personnel and property losses, to prevent further deterioration of the incident harmful levels to speed up post-disaster reconstruction, to speed up to restore order and production have an important role. Supplies as a contingency financing part of the first link in the logistics of the entire emergency response system, the operational efficiency of the logistics have played a vital role. It has become particularly critical to establish efficient and agile systems to deal with emergency supplies for the financing of unpredictable incidents, emergency logistics system, to enhance efficiency and to enhance emergency response capabilities.
This paper put forward the concept of agile supply chain based on researching agile manufacturing, agile supply chain, emergency supply chain, national economic mobilization theories with China's actual operation of emergency logistics system. Through the agile emergency supply chain concept and related theory, the agility of its emergency supplies based on the financing of network construction and related issues are researched. Major studies of the paper are as follows:
Firstly, the paper studies the definition and content, operational environment and the realization method of emergency agile supply chain. Secondly, by examining the existing financing channels and features, agile network structure and organization of the financing, combined with the needs of emergency supplies characteristics of a single material demand of the agile network of emergency supplies for the financing of two bi-level programming system model and study the model of algorithm. After study the entity selection of emergency supplies'agile network criterion for system and network operations coordination mechanisms and instruments, the entity's compensation system to build a market mechanism, administrative measures, legal protection coordination mechanism based on the establishment and operation of a state of peacetime compensation mechanism. Finally, to build an agile network agility evaluation index system based on time availability, cost, stability and adaption, using the AHP method of evaluation network agility.
应急物流系统建设是应急能力建设的重要组成部分。高效的应急物流系统能够为突发性公共事件提供大量必须的应急救援物资,对减少各类突发公共事件造成的人员和财产损失、防止事件危害程度的进一步恶化、加快灾后重建、加快恢复秩序和生产等都有重要的作用。物资筹措环节作为应急物流首要环节对整个应急物流系统的运作效率都起到了至关重要的作用。建立高效、敏捷的应急物资筹措系统对应对难以预测的突发事件,提升应急物流系统效率,增强应急能力都尤为关键。
本文在研究敏捷制造、敏捷供应链、应急供应链、国民经济动员相关理论基础之上结合我国应急物流系统的运作实际,提出了敏捷应急供应链的概念。研究了敏捷应急供应链和以其为基础的应急物资敏捷筹措网络构建的相关问题。主要有以下一些内容：
首先,研究了敏捷应急供应链的定义、内涵、运作环境和实现方法。其次研究了现有筹措途径及特点,敏捷筹措网络的结构及组织,结合应急物资的需求特点研究了单一物资需求的情况应急物资敏捷筹措网络的双层规划两级系统模型,并研究了模型的优化算法。之后,研究了应急物资敏捷筹措网络的实体选择指标体系、以市场机制、行政手段、法律保障为基础的网络运作协调机制和参与实体的补偿机制。最后,从时间性、成本、稳定性和适应性四个方面构建了应急物资敏捷筹措网络的敏捷性评价指标体系,使用AHP方法评价网络的敏捷性。
In the current world, local, regional and even national or global scale natural disasters, public health emergencies occur frequently, causing significant and even destructive blow to the survival of human and social development. How to strengthen emergency response to natural disasters, public health emergencies, unexpected serious public safety incidents and other emergency incidents including social stability and capacity-building, has become a hot spot of every government in the world.
The construction of emergency logistics system is an important component of emergency response capacity-building. Highly efficient emergency logistics system for the sudden emergency of public events is beneficial to provide a large number of essential emergency relief supplies to reduce all types of public emergencies resulting from personnel and property losses, to prevent further deterioration of the incident harmful levels to speed up post-disaster reconstruction, to speed up to restore order and production have an important role. Supplies as a contingency financing part of the first link in the logistics of the entire emergency response system, the operational efficiency of the logistics have played a vital role. It has become particularly critical to establish efficient and agile systems to deal with emergency supplies for the financing of unpredictable incidents, emergency logistics system, to enhance efficiency and to enhance emergency response capabilities.
This paper put forward the concept of agile supply chain based on researching agile manufacturing, agile supply chain, emergency supply chain, national economic mobilization theories with China's actual operation of emergency logistics system. Through the agile emergency supply chain concept and related theory, the agility of its emergency supplies based on the financing of network construction and related issues are researched. Major studies of the paper are as follows:
Firstly, the paper studies the definition and content, operational environment and the realization method of emergency agile supply chain. Secondly, by examining the existing financing channels and features, agile network structure and organization of the financing, combined with the needs of emergency supplies characteristics of a single material demand of the agile network of emergency supplies for the financing of two bi-level programming system model and study the model of algorithm. After study the entity selection of emergency supplies'agile network criterion for system and network operations coordination mechanisms and instruments, the entity's compensation system to build a market mechanism, administrative measures, legal protection coordination mechanism based on the establishment and operation of a state of peacetime compensation mechanism. Finally, to build an agile network agility evaluation index system based on time availability, cost, stability and adaption, using the AHP method of evaluation network agility.
引文
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[2]陈春益,蔡坤穆,蔡明志.国内救灾物流体系之建构[EB/OL].
[3]Thmos A. Why Logistics? [J]. Forced Migration Review,2003, (18).
[4]R T, The Humanitarian Relief Supply Chain:Analysis of the 2004 South East Asia Earthquake and Tsunami. In Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA,2005.
[5]姜玉宏,颜华,欧忠文,刘绪宇.应急物流中应急物资的管理研究[J].物流技术,2007,(06).
[6]李阳,李聚轩,腾立新.大规模自然灾害救灾物流系统研究[J].科技导报,2005,(23)：64-66.
[7]韩景倜.非定常态供应链集成模式一应急物流体分析[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(4)：92～94.
[8]B M B, Humanitarian Relief Chains:Issues and Challenges. In 34th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering San Francisco, CA,USA,2004; p 867-892.
[9]向海峡,刘振华.应急物资的筹措[J].中国物流与采购,2003,(23).
[10]邹铭,李保俊,王静爱等.中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究[J].自然灾害学报,2004,(04).
[11]Disaster Management-A Disaster Manager, Handbook.1992.
[12]Dignan L T C. Tsunami Relief is a Challenge When Supply Chains are Blocked by Cows and Roads don't Exist [J]. Baseline,2005,1(39):30.
[13]L D. Logistics for Disaster Relief Engineering on the Run[J]. HE Solutions,1997,29(6):26-29.
[14]Chomolier B S R W L. The Central Role of Supply Chain Management at IFRC[J]. Forced Migration Review,2003, (18):15-16.
[15]孔昭君.论敏捷动员[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(2月).
[16]李连宏.物资敏捷动员的理论与方法研究[D].北京：北京理工大学,2006.
[17]李爱玲.战时物资筹措与运送模型研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2007.
[18]武锐刚.敏捷供应链的协调机制和绩效评价研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2005.
[19]余文兵.敏捷供应链构建研究[D].上海：同济大学,2006.
[20]Dove R.敏捷企业(上)[M].北京：中国机械工程,1996.
[21]Kidd P T. Agile Manufacturing:Forging New Frontiers[M]. Addison-Wesley,1994.
[22]Yusuf YY, M. Agile manufacturing:The drivers,concepts and Attribute[J]. International ,1999,1-2(62):33-43.
[23]柴跃廷,刘义编著.敏捷供需链管理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[24]纂永硅.基于敏捷供应链的虚拟企业建模研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2007.
[25]李彬彬.基于复杂适应系统的敏捷供应链研究[D].郑州：郑州大学,2007.
[26]上海交通大学CIT实验室.基于可重构技术、支持动态联盟的敏捷供应链及相关技术攻关技术报告[R].上海交通大学CIT实验室,1999.
[27]阎宏伟.面向自然灾害的应急供应链管理系统研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2007.
[28]克莱姆哈J.经济动员准备[M].国防大学出版社,1991.
[29]《中国军事百科全书·军事卷》[M].军事科学出版社,1992.
[30]刘化绵.军事经济学辞典[M].中国经济出版社,1993.
[31]陈德第.新时期国民经济动员理论框架[J].北京理工大学学报,2003,(3).
[32]朱庆林,常进主.国民经济动员学教程[M].军事科学出版社,2002.
[33]朱庆林,常进主.国民经济动员学教程[M].军事科学出版社,2002.
[34]王丰,姜玉宏,王进.应急物流[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2007.
[35]姜玉宏,邱清和,欧忠文.应急物流中心的构建思路[J].经济物流,2004,(9).
[36]C H. Supply Chain Operational Performance Roles[J]. Integrated Manufacturing System,2003, (06).
[37]Ayers J. Supply Chain Strategies[J]. Information System Management,1999, (spring):72-79.
[38]李其明.适应信息化战争需要构建精确化动员模式[J].国防,2006,(第1期).
[39]卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京：中国发展出版社,1996.
[40]李保俊等.中国自然灾害备灾能力评价与地域划分[J].自然灾害学报,2005,(6期).
[41]张继海.基于Multi-Agent的国民经济动员建模与仿真研究[D].北京：北京理工大学,2005.
[42]范春萍.借鉴国家创新系统理念,构建敏捷动员机制[J].北京理工大学学报,2006,18(1).
[43]郭瑞鹏.构建动员型虚拟企业的理论思考[J].北京理工大学学报,2005,(7).
[44]顾列铭.日本的抗震与救灾[J].观察与思考,2008,(11).
[45]刘春林,何建敏,盛昭瀚.多出救点应急系统最优方案的选取[J].管理工程学,2000,1(14).
[46]戴更新,达庆利.多资源组合应急调度问题的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,(09).
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