太湖北部多环芳烃的分布特征及来源解析
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摘要
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类普遍存在于环境中的持久性环境污染物,具有很强致癌性,其中16种多环芳烃已经被美国EPA列为优先控制的环境污染物。多环芳烃化学性质稳定,不易降解,脂溶性较强,进入水环境中的多环芳烃易分配到沉积物和生物体内。本研究选取了湿法超声波辅助萃取法作为提取沉积物样品中多环芳烃的前处理方法,并且对影响萃取效果的因素进行了优化。实验主要是选取太湖北部湖区的沉积物样和水样,针对太湖北部沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征开展的研究,并且对太湖沉积物中多环芳烃的来源进行了解析。结果发现：美国环境保护署(EPA)公布的16种优先控制污染物中的多环芳烃,在太湖沉积物中均有检出,同时,太湖北部沉积物中多环芳烃以二环、三环和四环为主；PAHs总量值主要在竺山湾和梅梁湾较大,整体上呈从沿岸向中心,从北到南逐渐减少的趋势；通过对其特征进行分析发现,太湖北部区域既存在来自于石油类污染和天然成岩过程形成的多环芳烃又有来自于化石燃料的高温燃烧所产生的多环芳烃；研究还发现多环芳烃的含量分布与氨氮、有机碳、可交换态氮和总磷有一定的相关性；沉积物、间隙水和上覆水中所含多环芳烃的浓度依次降低,不会对水生生物产生显著毒性影响。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the most important kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs), which are widely exist in the environment and may cause potential carcinogens to human. United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) have recommended 16 PAHs compounds as priority pollutants. PAHs molecular structure are stable and undegradable in natural environment, which are high lipophilicity,thus the PAHs in the liquid environment can be easily distributed in the sediments and organisms. This paper chooses method of extracting PAHs from untreated wet sediment as extract method Meanwhile optimize several factors which have impact on the efficiencies and recoveries of extracting. The studys mainly select sediment, pore water and overlying water samples from northern Taihu Lake, analyse the distribution features of PAHs from northern Taihu Lake and distinguish the sources from which the pollutants may come. The results show 16 PAHs which the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) have recommended as priority controlled pollutants are detected in all reseach areas.The PAHs from northern Taihu Lake mainly consist of two,three and four ring compounds and the large part of total PAHs content appeared in Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay. There is a trend of decrease of PAHs from shore to inner water and from north to south.In northern Taihu Lake,the PAHs come as a result of petroleum pollution and natural lithification as well as combustion of fossil fuels at high temperature.There are also some correlations between PAHs and TN,TP,OC and EN.The content of PAHs in sediment, pore water and overlying water reduce one by one and the toxicity do not casuse notable health threat to aquatic.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the most important kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs), which are widely exist in the environment and may cause potential carcinogens to human. United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) have recommended 16 PAHs compounds as priority pollutants. PAHs molecular structure are stable and undegradable in natural environment, which are high lipophilicity,thus the PAHs in the liquid environment can be easily distributed in the sediments and organisms. This paper chooses method of extracting PAHs from untreated wet sediment as extract method Meanwhile optimize several factors which have impact on the efficiencies and recoveries of extracting. The studys mainly select sediment, pore water and overlying water samples from northern Taihu Lake, analyse the distribution features of PAHs from northern Taihu Lake and distinguish the sources from which the pollutants may come. The results show 16 PAHs which the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) have recommended as priority controlled pollutants are detected in all reseach areas.The PAHs from northern Taihu Lake mainly consist of two,three and four ring compounds and the large part of total PAHs content appeared in Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay. There is a trend of decrease of PAHs from shore to inner water and from north to south.In northern Taihu Lake,the PAHs come as a result of petroleum pollution and natural lithification as well as combustion of fossil fuels at high temperature.There are also some correlations between PAHs and TN,TP,OC and EN.The content of PAHs in sediment, pore water and overlying water reduce one by one and the toxicity do not casuse notable health threat to aquatic.
引文
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[16]张路平,陈伟琪,林良牧.厦门西港和香港维多利亚港表层沉积物中PAHs的含量分布和来源分析[J].海洋学报,1996,18：120-124.
[17]Guddal E. Isolation of Polynuelear aromatic hydrocarbons from roots of Chrysant hemun Bamh[J]. Acta Chem 3(4):834-835.
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