基于光生物效应的道路照明安全研究
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摘要
本文是国家自然科学基金课题《用中间视觉理论研究道路照明安全》(批准号50678180),重庆市建委重点科研课题《主城区道路照明安全与节能性研究》(批准号2007第46号)以及国家自然科学基金课题《视觉理论在公路隧道照明节能中的应用研究》(批准号50878217)的研究分课题,重点研究道路照明中的光生物效应及基于此的道路照明安全,为道路照明安全的研究和节能研究提供更为科学的依据。
光生物效应虽然是一种非映像的视觉效应,却控制了人的生物节律和强度,并且影响人眼瞳孔大小。采用不同的道路照明光源,会产生不同的光生物效应,从而对驾驶员的机敏程度等产生影响,即对发现障碍的反应时间产生影响,并会影响道路照明安全。因此,论文在国内外道路照明的研究成果基础上,根据视觉科学的最新理论,在反应时间测试中应用眼动仪同步测试瞳孔变化,展开道路照明中的光生物效应研究,提出在道路照明条件下不但要考虑中间视觉时视觉功效变化对道路照明安全的影响,而且还要考虑光生物效应对道路照明安全的影响,最终用反应时间表示在道路照明条件下的视觉总效果。
论文第二章研究了照明光源的辐射通量光谱分布,创新性地提出新的测试手段,在普通光度学实验室采用辐亮度法确定照明光源的辐射通量光谱分布,利用PR-650光谱扫描色度计的测量计算,不但精度满足照明工程需要,而且方便快捷。
论文第三章进一步研究了视觉科学最新成果光生物效应的理论依据和测定方法,视觉功效法是研究中间视觉的有效研究方法,反应时间表征了中间视觉和光生物效应的总视觉效果和人眼真实的视觉功效。通过对反应时间与交通事故的相关性分析,在夜间驾驶过程中,反应时间对保障道路照明安全有重要的实际意义。反应时间快就意味着视觉功效高和交通事故率的减小。反应时间是评价道路照明安全的重要指标。
论文第四章是关于基于光生物效应反应时间和瞳孔变化的实验研究,通过对中间视觉研究方法的分析研究,在视觉功效法应用的基础上引入人眼瞳孔测试手段,建立了基于光生物效应的反应时间研究路线图。通过比较分析实验测量的数据,得出了反应时间变化与光生物效应背景亮度的关系、瞳孔变化与光生物效应背景亮度的关系,创新性地用定量的方式总结出反应时间变化与瞳孔变化的关系,进一步证明在道路照明条件下,要充分考虑光生物效应的作用和影响。
论文第五章是基于光生物效应的城市道路照明安全研究,创新性地用反应时间确定道路照明功率密度值,提出LED灯的功率密度参考值,完善了道路照明节能标准;并进一步提出在道路照明中我们应合理设计道路平均路面亮度值,根据不同道路照明环境去选择不同光源,考察它们的性价比,才能最终确定不同光源在道路照明中的适宜性。
论文的创新之处在于:
1.实际与理论结合的创新:论文在视觉功效法应用的基础上引入人眼瞳孔测试手段,建立了基于光生物效应的反应时间研究路线图,创新性地用定量的方式总结出反应时间变化与瞳孔变化的关系。
2.应用上的创新:首次将光生物效应应用于道路照明定量计算,创新性地用反应时间确定道路照明功率密度值,提出LED灯的功率密度参考值,完善了道路照明节能标准。
3.测试手段的创新:论文利用PR-650光谱扫描色度计的测量计算,提出在普通光度学实验室里采用辐亮度法确定照明光源的辐射通量光谱分布,不但精度满足照明工程需要,而且方便快捷。
This dissertation is a subsidiary subject of NCFS subject“Study on digitalization of road lighting in main city area”(Grant No. 50378093), subject of capital construction commission in Chongqing“the research of roadway illumination security and saving at main urban zone”(Grant No.2007-46), and NCFS subject“Study on applying visual theories in energy-saving of road and tunnel lighting”(Grant No. 50878217), which mainly study on optical biological effect in road lighting and transportation safety based on the theory, provide more scientific basis for digitalization and energy-saving research in road lighting.
Optical biological effect is no mapping visual effect which controls human biorhythm and affect human eyes. Various light resources in road lighting produce different optical biological effects which affect drivers’astuteness and traffic safety. On the basis of the previous studies, according to the grand new visual theories, this dissertation studies on optical biological effect in road lighting with eye view monitoring system in reaction time measuring. On the condition of road lighting, not only the visual performance of mesoptic vision affects traffic safety, but also optical biological effects should be considered. Then, this dissertation advised that taking reaction time to express the visual effect under road lighting condition.
Chapter 2 researches on spectral distribution of radiant flux in light resources, advises that it is satisfying and convenient in lighting engineering with applying radiance method in lighting lab, measuring by PR-650 chromo meter.
Chapter 3 further studies on the visual science about the theoretical foundation and measuring method of optical biological effect. According to analyze the correlation about reaction time and traffic accident, in the process of driving at night, it is significant that reaction time guarantees traffic safety. Reaction time is a important mark which is shorter reaction time could be cut down traffic accident.
Chapter 4 is an experimental research on the basis of reaction time and human eyes variations, promoting a reaction time roadmap with optical biological effect. According to analyze the experimental values, come to the conclusion the relationship about reaction time and background illumination, eyes variations and optical biological effect, further certificated that on the condition of road lighting, it should consider the optical biological effect.
Chapter 5 mainly studies on the safety devices of urban road lighting on the basis of optical biological effect. Ascertained road lighting power density based on reaction time, and provided lighting power density of LED, completed road lighting standard, And further provides that we should choose various light resources according to different road lighting environment, inspect their cost performance, and then certain suitable light resources in the road lighting.
The innovations of this dissertation include:
1.Innovation on the combining of theories and practice: It combines with measuring human eyes on the basis of visual performance method, promoting a reaction time roadmap with optical biological effect, and raveling the relationship of reaction time and pupil size.
2.Innovation on the application: firstly it applies optical biological effect in calculation of road lighting. Ascertained road lighting power density based on reaction time, and provided lighting power density of LED, completed road lighting standard.
3.Innovation on the examined methods: It is satisfying and convenient in lighting engineering with applying radiance method in lighting lab, measuring by PR-650 chromo meter.
光生物效应虽然是一种非映像的视觉效应,却控制了人的生物节律和强度,并且影响人眼瞳孔大小。采用不同的道路照明光源,会产生不同的光生物效应,从而对驾驶员的机敏程度等产生影响,即对发现障碍的反应时间产生影响,并会影响道路照明安全。因此,论文在国内外道路照明的研究成果基础上,根据视觉科学的最新理论,在反应时间测试中应用眼动仪同步测试瞳孔变化,展开道路照明中的光生物效应研究,提出在道路照明条件下不但要考虑中间视觉时视觉功效变化对道路照明安全的影响,而且还要考虑光生物效应对道路照明安全的影响,最终用反应时间表示在道路照明条件下的视觉总效果。
论文第二章研究了照明光源的辐射通量光谱分布,创新性地提出新的测试手段,在普通光度学实验室采用辐亮度法确定照明光源的辐射通量光谱分布,利用PR-650光谱扫描色度计的测量计算,不但精度满足照明工程需要,而且方便快捷。
论文第三章进一步研究了视觉科学最新成果光生物效应的理论依据和测定方法,视觉功效法是研究中间视觉的有效研究方法,反应时间表征了中间视觉和光生物效应的总视觉效果和人眼真实的视觉功效。通过对反应时间与交通事故的相关性分析,在夜间驾驶过程中,反应时间对保障道路照明安全有重要的实际意义。反应时间快就意味着视觉功效高和交通事故率的减小。反应时间是评价道路照明安全的重要指标。
论文第四章是关于基于光生物效应反应时间和瞳孔变化的实验研究,通过对中间视觉研究方法的分析研究,在视觉功效法应用的基础上引入人眼瞳孔测试手段,建立了基于光生物效应的反应时间研究路线图。通过比较分析实验测量的数据,得出了反应时间变化与光生物效应背景亮度的关系、瞳孔变化与光生物效应背景亮度的关系,创新性地用定量的方式总结出反应时间变化与瞳孔变化的关系,进一步证明在道路照明条件下,要充分考虑光生物效应的作用和影响。
论文第五章是基于光生物效应的城市道路照明安全研究,创新性地用反应时间确定道路照明功率密度值,提出LED灯的功率密度参考值,完善了道路照明节能标准;并进一步提出在道路照明中我们应合理设计道路平均路面亮度值,根据不同道路照明环境去选择不同光源,考察它们的性价比,才能最终确定不同光源在道路照明中的适宜性。
论文的创新之处在于:
1.实际与理论结合的创新:论文在视觉功效法应用的基础上引入人眼瞳孔测试手段,建立了基于光生物效应的反应时间研究路线图,创新性地用定量的方式总结出反应时间变化与瞳孔变化的关系。
2.应用上的创新:首次将光生物效应应用于道路照明定量计算,创新性地用反应时间确定道路照明功率密度值,提出LED灯的功率密度参考值,完善了道路照明节能标准。
3.测试手段的创新:论文利用PR-650光谱扫描色度计的测量计算,提出在普通光度学实验室里采用辐亮度法确定照明光源的辐射通量光谱分布,不但精度满足照明工程需要,而且方便快捷。
This dissertation is a subsidiary subject of NCFS subject“Study on digitalization of road lighting in main city area”(Grant No. 50378093), subject of capital construction commission in Chongqing“the research of roadway illumination security and saving at main urban zone”(Grant No.2007-46), and NCFS subject“Study on applying visual theories in energy-saving of road and tunnel lighting”(Grant No. 50878217), which mainly study on optical biological effect in road lighting and transportation safety based on the theory, provide more scientific basis for digitalization and energy-saving research in road lighting.
Optical biological effect is no mapping visual effect which controls human biorhythm and affect human eyes. Various light resources in road lighting produce different optical biological effects which affect drivers’astuteness and traffic safety. On the basis of the previous studies, according to the grand new visual theories, this dissertation studies on optical biological effect in road lighting with eye view monitoring system in reaction time measuring. On the condition of road lighting, not only the visual performance of mesoptic vision affects traffic safety, but also optical biological effects should be considered. Then, this dissertation advised that taking reaction time to express the visual effect under road lighting condition.
Chapter 2 researches on spectral distribution of radiant flux in light resources, advises that it is satisfying and convenient in lighting engineering with applying radiance method in lighting lab, measuring by PR-650 chromo meter.
Chapter 3 further studies on the visual science about the theoretical foundation and measuring method of optical biological effect. According to analyze the correlation about reaction time and traffic accident, in the process of driving at night, it is significant that reaction time guarantees traffic safety. Reaction time is a important mark which is shorter reaction time could be cut down traffic accident.
Chapter 4 is an experimental research on the basis of reaction time and human eyes variations, promoting a reaction time roadmap with optical biological effect. According to analyze the experimental values, come to the conclusion the relationship about reaction time and background illumination, eyes variations and optical biological effect, further certificated that on the condition of road lighting, it should consider the optical biological effect.
Chapter 5 mainly studies on the safety devices of urban road lighting on the basis of optical biological effect. Ascertained road lighting power density based on reaction time, and provided lighting power density of LED, completed road lighting standard, And further provides that we should choose various light resources according to different road lighting environment, inspect their cost performance, and then certain suitable light resources in the road lighting.
The innovations of this dissertation include:
1.Innovation on the combining of theories and practice: It combines with measuring human eyes on the basis of visual performance method, promoting a reaction time roadmap with optical biological effect, and raveling the relationship of reaction time and pupil size.
2.Innovation on the application: firstly it applies optical biological effect in calculation of road lighting. Ascertained road lighting power density based on reaction time, and provided lighting power density of LED, completed road lighting standard.
3.Innovation on the examined methods: It is satisfying and convenient in lighting engineering with applying radiance method in lighting lab, measuring by PR-650 chromo meter.
引文
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