基于ZigBee技术的无线抄表系统研究
|
摘要
ZigBee技术是一种新出现的短距离、低功耗、低成本的无线通信技术。它主要依据IEEE802.15.4无线标准,在数千个微小的传感器之间相互协调实现通信。ZigBee技术以其协议简单、成本低、功能丰富、组网容易等特点,在智能家居、楼宇自动化、工业监控、医疗检测等领域具有广阔的市场空间。通过与传统人工抄表、IC卡预付费表、有线抄表以及无线抄表的优缺点作比较,ZigBee无线抄表技术以其技术先进、易实现、可靠性高、成本低、易普及等优点,成为未来无线抄表系统发展的趋势之一。
由于无线抄表系统对系统功耗和抗干扰性等要求非常高,因此本文选用具有低功耗、高抗干扰性等特点的ZigBee无线传感器网络技术,建立一套适用于居民小区的无线抄表网络模型,并对该网络模型的通信、能耗等方面展开相关的研究工作。本文的主要研究工作如下:
(1)针对现有无线抄表网络存在的功耗大、可靠性差等问题,本文考虑到居民小区的实际应用环境,在参考了ZigBee网络中的星型与树型拓扑网络模型之后,提出了一种新型的星-树型网络模型,即采用星型和树型网络模型相结合构建新的网络模型。通过分析该网络模型中的各设备的功能和工作原理,文中提出了网络层的具体设计方法,并对抄表网络中各设备之间的工作过程和数据传输方式进行了详细阐述。
(2)为了减少抄表网络中的信息冗余量,提高网络通信的成功率与正确率,本文根据无线抄表系统总体设计方案,构建了ZigBee无线抄表开发平台,并通过该平台对新组建的星-树型网络进行了通信、抗干扰和能耗测试。实验结果表明:尽管只是在实验室里进行了验证,但在短距离范围内确保较高的通信成功率与正确率还是有保证的。
(3)为了降低抄表节点的能耗,本文在构建ZigBee无线抄表开发平台的过程中,针对ZigBee无线抄表系统,采用低功耗的Atmega88单片机以及CC1100无线收发模块设计了一种新型的抄表终端节点。
本文的研究工作丰富了ZigBee技术在无线抄表中的研究领域,为降低无线抄表系统开发成本奠定基础,同时也为ZigBee技术在其他领域中的研究与开发提供了参考。
ZigBee is a new short-range, low-power, low-cost wireless communication technology. It can achieve mutual coordination in the thousands of micro sensors based on IEEE802.15.4 wireless standard. ZigBee technology has wide market space in the smart home-building automation, industrial control, medical testing and etc, for its protocol simple, low-cost, feature-rich, network easily etch. Through comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional manual meter, IC card prepaid table, wired and remote meter reading meter system, the remote meter reading technology based on ZigBee will be one of the trends of remote meter reading system in the future, for its advanced technology, easy implement, high reliability, and easy-to-universal etc.
The remote meter reading system has very strict criterion of the system power and anti-jamming performance. Therefore, the ZigBee technology, for its low-power , low-complexity and high anti-jamming ability, has been selected to build a new network model based on ZigBee in residential areas. The communication and energy-consumption are researched aimed at the model. The details are as follows:
(1)To overcome the problem of high energy consumption and low reliability in the meter reading system, taking into account the practical application environment of meter reading networks in residential area, a new model of the meter reading system is designed according to the star and tree topology network model based on ZigBee in the paper. By analyzing each device functions and working principle of this network model, the design methods of the network layer is proposed in the paper, and the working process and data transmission between the various devices are described in detail.
(2)To reduce the redundancy of the remote meter reading network and to improve success rate and accuracy of communication in network, based on the basic theories of node communication in the wireless sensor network, a new network model is proposed by marking use of star and Tree topology, and communications, anti-interference and energy- consumption of experiment aimed at the model have been tested. Its result indicates: Although it is only confirmed in the laboratory, it is also ensured that the high success ratio and the accuracy have the guarantee in the short distance scope.
(3) In order to reduce the energy consumption of meter-reading nodes, in the processes of building the platform of remote meter reading network based on ZigBee, A new remote meter reading node which uses low-power Atmega88 microcontroller and remote transceiver CC1100 is designed.
This research further enriches research field of remote reading meter technology base on ZigBee technology, establishes basis of cost reduction for remote reading meter system, and offers bases and methods for other research fields of ZigBee technology.
由于无线抄表系统对系统功耗和抗干扰性等要求非常高,因此本文选用具有低功耗、高抗干扰性等特点的ZigBee无线传感器网络技术,建立一套适用于居民小区的无线抄表网络模型,并对该网络模型的通信、能耗等方面展开相关的研究工作。本文的主要研究工作如下:
(1)针对现有无线抄表网络存在的功耗大、可靠性差等问题,本文考虑到居民小区的实际应用环境,在参考了ZigBee网络中的星型与树型拓扑网络模型之后,提出了一种新型的星-树型网络模型,即采用星型和树型网络模型相结合构建新的网络模型。通过分析该网络模型中的各设备的功能和工作原理,文中提出了网络层的具体设计方法,并对抄表网络中各设备之间的工作过程和数据传输方式进行了详细阐述。
(2)为了减少抄表网络中的信息冗余量,提高网络通信的成功率与正确率,本文根据无线抄表系统总体设计方案,构建了ZigBee无线抄表开发平台,并通过该平台对新组建的星-树型网络进行了通信、抗干扰和能耗测试。实验结果表明:尽管只是在实验室里进行了验证,但在短距离范围内确保较高的通信成功率与正确率还是有保证的。
(3)为了降低抄表节点的能耗,本文在构建ZigBee无线抄表开发平台的过程中,针对ZigBee无线抄表系统,采用低功耗的Atmega88单片机以及CC1100无线收发模块设计了一种新型的抄表终端节点。
本文的研究工作丰富了ZigBee技术在无线抄表中的研究领域,为降低无线抄表系统开发成本奠定基础,同时也为ZigBee技术在其他领域中的研究与开发提供了参考。
ZigBee is a new short-range, low-power, low-cost wireless communication technology. It can achieve mutual coordination in the thousands of micro sensors based on IEEE802.15.4 wireless standard. ZigBee technology has wide market space in the smart home-building automation, industrial control, medical testing and etc, for its protocol simple, low-cost, feature-rich, network easily etch. Through comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional manual meter, IC card prepaid table, wired and remote meter reading meter system, the remote meter reading technology based on ZigBee will be one of the trends of remote meter reading system in the future, for its advanced technology, easy implement, high reliability, and easy-to-universal etc.
The remote meter reading system has very strict criterion of the system power and anti-jamming performance. Therefore, the ZigBee technology, for its low-power , low-complexity and high anti-jamming ability, has been selected to build a new network model based on ZigBee in residential areas. The communication and energy-consumption are researched aimed at the model. The details are as follows:
(1)To overcome the problem of high energy consumption and low reliability in the meter reading system, taking into account the practical application environment of meter reading networks in residential area, a new model of the meter reading system is designed according to the star and tree topology network model based on ZigBee in the paper. By analyzing each device functions and working principle of this network model, the design methods of the network layer is proposed in the paper, and the working process and data transmission between the various devices are described in detail.
(2)To reduce the redundancy of the remote meter reading network and to improve success rate and accuracy of communication in network, based on the basic theories of node communication in the wireless sensor network, a new network model is proposed by marking use of star and Tree topology, and communications, anti-interference and energy- consumption of experiment aimed at the model have been tested. Its result indicates: Although it is only confirmed in the laboratory, it is also ensured that the high success ratio and the accuracy have the guarantee in the short distance scope.
(3) In order to reduce the energy consumption of meter-reading nodes, in the processes of building the platform of remote meter reading network based on ZigBee, A new remote meter reading node which uses low-power Atmega88 microcontroller and remote transceiver CC1100 is designed.
This research further enriches research field of remote reading meter technology base on ZigBee technology, establishes basis of cost reduction for remote reading meter system, and offers bases and methods for other research fields of ZigBee technology.
引文
[1]胡占报. ZigBee技术及在无线抄表中的应用[D][硕士论文],河北:河北工业大学, 2007.
[2] Q Gao, J. Y. Yu, P. H. J. Chong. Solutions for the“Silent Node”Problem in an Automatic Meter Reading System Using Power-Line Communications [J]. IEEE, TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, 2008, 23(1): 150-156.
[3] Carl Brasek. Wireless-USB provides a compelling set of features and functions to address the Utilities’need to collect data form their customers [J]. IEEE, Computing & Control Engineering, 2004, 24: 10-14.
[4] Jordi Casademont, Elena Lopez-Aguilera, Josep Paradells. Wireless technology applied to GIS [J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2004, 30: 671-682.
[5]蓝笑.基于ZigBee技术燃气无线抄表系统的设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],北京:北京电子科技大学, 2007.
[6] http: //www. aimir. com / smartgrid/ overview. html
[7]闫银发,公茂法,汤元信.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络抄表系统设计,电测与仪表[J]. 2006, 6: 43-45.
[8]叶春红.基于GSM网络的无线抄表系统的设计,现代电子技术[J]. 2006, 22(6): 18-22.
[9]张宏建,苏新,刘佳.基于GSM通信模块的无线抄表系统,北京工商大学学报(自然科学版)[J]. 2005, 23: 26-28.
[10]李江涛.基于GSM的电能计量无线抄表系统,农网电气化[J]. 2008, 6: 32-33.
[11]余金仑,赵元黎,郑国恒,等.基于GSM的无线抄表系统终端机的设计,数字通信世界[J]. 2007, 2: 72-74.
[12]朱洪波,沈越泓,蔡跃明,等.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004.
[13]随慧斌,王红红,王宏伟,等.基于GPRS网络的变电站远程抄表系统,电力系统通信[J]. 2007, 171(28): 57-59.
[14]朱庆豪,曾蕾.基于GPRS的远程自动抄表系统的设计,电测与仪表[J]. 2006, 7: 31-34.
[15]王灿利,武俊峰,张建国.基于ARM /GPRS的无线抄表系统的设计,哈尔滨理工大学学报[J]. 2007, 6: 17-20.
[16]陈颖新. GPRS无线抄表系统设计与实现,机电技术[J]. 2008, 1: 56-58.
[17]齐海滨,徐虑非.基于CDMA网络的远程自动抄表系统设计[J].微计算机信息, 2007, 23: 112-114.
[18]许凤亚.基于低压电力线载波的远程抄表系统,计算机时代[J]. 2008, 3: 41-42.
[19]李楠,屈百达.基于电力线载波与GPRS相结合的远程抄表系统,电测与仪表[J].2007,9:33-37.
[20]车仁信,王耀国.基于ES16T的电力线载波自动抄表系统,电信科学[J]. 2006, 4: 24-27.
[21]http://www.plextek.com.uk/papers.
[22]赵杰卫,卢文冰,胡红.一种红外无线抄表系统实现方案,中国电力教育[J]. 2007: 367-369.
[23]郑宇,姚加飞.基于蓝牙通信的电表抄表系统设计,低压电器[J]. 2007, 12: 10-14.
[24]闫银发,公茂法,汤元信.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络抄表系统设计,电测与仪表[J]. 2006, 6: 43-45.
[25]张成武,谭斌.单片机ZigBee技术在远程抄表系统中的应用,微计算机信息[J]. 2006, 22: 96-98.
[26]朱永利,陈涛,郭少杰. ZigBee技术在无线抄表中的应用,电力系统通信[J]. 2008, 29: 37-39.
[27]http://www.51ZigBee.com.
[28]谢慧鹏,王建明,张晶晶.基于ZigBee技术低功耗无线抄表系统的设计与实现,北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)[J]. 2008, 44(2): 174-176.
[29]王凯,彭瑜,郑丽国,等.基于ZigBee无线水表自动抄表系统的研究与设计,自动化仪表[J]. 2006, 27: 166-169.
[30]Josep M.Selga, Agustin Zaballos, Guiomar Corral and Joan Vives.Lessons Learned fromWireless Sensor Networks with Application to ARM and PLC [J]. IEEE, 2007: 19: 98-103.
[31]Pietro Valdastri, Stefano Rossi, Arianna Menciassi. An implantable ZigBee ready telemetric platform for in vivo monitoring of physiological parameters [J]. Sensors and Actuators. 2008, 142: 369-378.
[32]Paolo Dario. ZigBee Technology and Its Application on Wireless Meter-reading System [J]. IEEE International. Conference on Industrial Informatics. 2006, 34: 1257-1260.
[33]王苏,曾连荪.基于ZigBee技术在无线自动抄表系统中应用的研究[J].科技资讯, 2007, 4: 2-3.
[34]V.C. Gungor, F.C. Lambert. A survey on communication networks for electric system automation [J]. Computer Networks, 2006, 50: 877-897.
[35]B. S. Koay, S. S. Cheah, Y. H. Sng. Design and Implementation of Bluetooth Energy Meter [J]. IEEE. 2003, 9: 1474-1477.
[36]http:// www.helicomm.com.cn.
[37]http://www.realinfo.com.cn/anli/Zigbee.htm.
[38]http://www.aimir.com/product/aimir_overview.html.
[39]Holger Karl, Andreas Willing著,邱天爽,唐洪,李婷,等译.无线传感器网络协议与体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2007.
[40]李文仲,段朝玉,等编著. PIC单片机与ZigBee无线网络实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[41]M.Zorzi and R.R.Rao.Multi-hop performance of energy efficient forwarding for AdHoc and sensor networks in the presence of fading. IEEE/International Conference on Communications. Paris, France Piscataway, NJ, USA. IEEE. Part. 2004, 7(6): 3784-3789.
[42]GB/T 778. 1. 2. 3 - 2007,水表新国家标准[S].
[2] Q Gao, J. Y. Yu, P. H. J. Chong. Solutions for the“Silent Node”Problem in an Automatic Meter Reading System Using Power-Line Communications [J]. IEEE, TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, 2008, 23(1): 150-156.
[3] Carl Brasek. Wireless-USB provides a compelling set of features and functions to address the Utilities’need to collect data form their customers [J]. IEEE, Computing & Control Engineering, 2004, 24: 10-14.
[4] Jordi Casademont, Elena Lopez-Aguilera, Josep Paradells. Wireless technology applied to GIS [J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2004, 30: 671-682.
[5]蓝笑.基于ZigBee技术燃气无线抄表系统的设计与实现[D][硕士学位论文],北京:北京电子科技大学, 2007.
[6] http: //www. aimir. com / smartgrid/ overview. html
[7]闫银发,公茂法,汤元信.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络抄表系统设计,电测与仪表[J]. 2006, 6: 43-45.
[8]叶春红.基于GSM网络的无线抄表系统的设计,现代电子技术[J]. 2006, 22(6): 18-22.
[9]张宏建,苏新,刘佳.基于GSM通信模块的无线抄表系统,北京工商大学学报(自然科学版)[J]. 2005, 23: 26-28.
[10]李江涛.基于GSM的电能计量无线抄表系统,农网电气化[J]. 2008, 6: 32-33.
[11]余金仑,赵元黎,郑国恒,等.基于GSM的无线抄表系统终端机的设计,数字通信世界[J]. 2007, 2: 72-74.
[12]朱洪波,沈越泓,蔡跃明,等.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004.
[13]随慧斌,王红红,王宏伟,等.基于GPRS网络的变电站远程抄表系统,电力系统通信[J]. 2007, 171(28): 57-59.
[14]朱庆豪,曾蕾.基于GPRS的远程自动抄表系统的设计,电测与仪表[J]. 2006, 7: 31-34.
[15]王灿利,武俊峰,张建国.基于ARM /GPRS的无线抄表系统的设计,哈尔滨理工大学学报[J]. 2007, 6: 17-20.
[16]陈颖新. GPRS无线抄表系统设计与实现,机电技术[J]. 2008, 1: 56-58.
[17]齐海滨,徐虑非.基于CDMA网络的远程自动抄表系统设计[J].微计算机信息, 2007, 23: 112-114.
[18]许凤亚.基于低压电力线载波的远程抄表系统,计算机时代[J]. 2008, 3: 41-42.
[19]李楠,屈百达.基于电力线载波与GPRS相结合的远程抄表系统,电测与仪表[J].2007,9:33-37.
[20]车仁信,王耀国.基于ES16T的电力线载波自动抄表系统,电信科学[J]. 2006, 4: 24-27.
[21]http://www.plextek.com.uk/papers.
[22]赵杰卫,卢文冰,胡红.一种红外无线抄表系统实现方案,中国电力教育[J]. 2007: 367-369.
[23]郑宇,姚加飞.基于蓝牙通信的电表抄表系统设计,低压电器[J]. 2007, 12: 10-14.
[24]闫银发,公茂法,汤元信.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络抄表系统设计,电测与仪表[J]. 2006, 6: 43-45.
[25]张成武,谭斌.单片机ZigBee技术在远程抄表系统中的应用,微计算机信息[J]. 2006, 22: 96-98.
[26]朱永利,陈涛,郭少杰. ZigBee技术在无线抄表中的应用,电力系统通信[J]. 2008, 29: 37-39.
[27]http://www.51ZigBee.com.
[28]谢慧鹏,王建明,张晶晶.基于ZigBee技术低功耗无线抄表系统的设计与实现,北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)[J]. 2008, 44(2): 174-176.
[29]王凯,彭瑜,郑丽国,等.基于ZigBee无线水表自动抄表系统的研究与设计,自动化仪表[J]. 2006, 27: 166-169.
[30]Josep M.Selga, Agustin Zaballos, Guiomar Corral and Joan Vives.Lessons Learned fromWireless Sensor Networks with Application to ARM and PLC [J]. IEEE, 2007: 19: 98-103.
[31]Pietro Valdastri, Stefano Rossi, Arianna Menciassi. An implantable ZigBee ready telemetric platform for in vivo monitoring of physiological parameters [J]. Sensors and Actuators. 2008, 142: 369-378.
[32]Paolo Dario. ZigBee Technology and Its Application on Wireless Meter-reading System [J]. IEEE International. Conference on Industrial Informatics. 2006, 34: 1257-1260.
[33]王苏,曾连荪.基于ZigBee技术在无线自动抄表系统中应用的研究[J].科技资讯, 2007, 4: 2-3.
[34]V.C. Gungor, F.C. Lambert. A survey on communication networks for electric system automation [J]. Computer Networks, 2006, 50: 877-897.
[35]B. S. Koay, S. S. Cheah, Y. H. Sng. Design and Implementation of Bluetooth Energy Meter [J]. IEEE. 2003, 9: 1474-1477.
[36]http:// www.helicomm.com.cn.
[37]http://www.realinfo.com.cn/anli/Zigbee.htm.
[38]http://www.aimir.com/product/aimir_overview.html.
[39]Holger Karl, Andreas Willing著,邱天爽,唐洪,李婷,等译.无线传感器网络协议与体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2007.
[40]李文仲,段朝玉,等编著. PIC单片机与ZigBee无线网络实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[41]M.Zorzi and R.R.Rao.Multi-hop performance of energy efficient forwarding for AdHoc and sensor networks in the presence of fading. IEEE/International Conference on Communications. Paris, France Piscataway, NJ, USA. IEEE. Part. 2004, 7(6): 3784-3789.
[42]GB/T 778. 1. 2. 3 - 2007,水表新国家标准[S].