局部缺陷对井架承载能力的影响及安全评定
|
摘要
井架由于使用环境恶劣,结构常会出现局部缺陷,如锈蚀、穿孔、切口、斜撑松动或缺失、销接间隙等。在使用的过程中还会出现载荷偏心和基础下沉等载荷和位移边界条件缺陷。这些缺陷会对井架的承载性能产生影响。
本文针对实验室特制K型模型井架,采用有限元方法,通过与理想模型模拟结果对比,分析了缺陷对井架结构受力和结构稳定性的影响。分析结果显示,井架大腿局部锈蚀、穿孔、切口、斜撑缺失仅对结构局部受力有影响,对其余杆件受力影响不大；基础下沉、井架载荷偏心和销接间隙对整体结构的受力影响较大。井架载荷偏心、基础下沉、斜杆缺失对井架稳定性影响较大,销接间隙的影响较小。
起升是井架使用过程中比较危险的环节,本文分析了JJ225/42-K井架的起升工况。分析结果显示,0°是井架起升过程中的最危险角度,此时的起升力最大、结构受力最恶劣。随着起升角度的增大,起升力减小,结构所受最大应力变小。起升过程中,井架前腿的中下段受力较大。
本文工作中,按照井架测试规范,对实验室特制K型模型井架进行5级载荷静力测试。测试结果表明,模型井架四根大腿受力严重不均。对井架进行了安全承载能力实验评估。
本文通过缺陷对结构的影响分析,将载荷偏心、基础下沉和销接间隙作为导致实验室模型井架大腿受力不均的主要原因。在已知载荷偏心量和基础下沉量的前提下,以销接接触刚度作为参数对有限元模型进行局部模型修正。与5级载荷下的静载应力测试结果进行对比验证。结果表明,模拟和测试结果相对误差小于17.48%,证明了销接接触刚度法的可行性。在本文中,修正后的模型被用于对模型井架进行安全性能评估。
Due to the severe service condition, some local defects appear often in the derrick structures, such as corrosion, perforation, incision, diagonal bracing loosing or missing, pin joint gap and so on. The unusual loading and boundary conditions may happen during the process of using derrick, too, such as the load eccentricity and foundation sinks of the derricks. The load-carrying capacity of the derricks is affected by these defects described above.
In the present paper, the affection of defects on the K style laboratorial derrick is analyzed by FEA method. By comparation with the simulation results of a model without defect, the effects of above mentioned defects on stress distribution and structural stability of the derrick are analysized. The corrosion, perforation, incision on the leg of derrick and diagonal bracing missing represent only the local effects on stress distribution of the structure. The foundation sink, load eccentricity and pin joint gap have the important global influence on the structural stress distribution. The diagonal bracing missing, foundation sinks and load eccentricity prohibit the significant impacts on stability of the derrick, while the defect of pin joint gaps doesn't affect a lot.
The process of lifting derrick is a dangerous procedure for the service of derrick. In this paper, the lifting process of JJ225/41-K is simulated by ANSYS. When the lifting angle is zero, the lifting force takes it maximum value, and structure supports the most severe loads. With the increase of lifting angle, the load subjected by structure and the stress in the structure decreases. When the derrick is lifting up, the loads in fore legs of the derrick are greater than in the other parts.
In this paper, the static stress test of laboratorial derrick under the five increasing load steps is carried out according the derrick test specification. The test result shows that the stresses in four legs of derrick are severely uneven. The evaluation on derrick safety and carrying capacity is done based on the experimental data.
By virtue of the analysis on effect of the defects in the structure, the load eccentricity, foundation sink and pin joint gap are considered to be the main causes of the uneven loads in the legs of laboratorial derrick. Under the condition of known values for load eccentricity and fundation sink, the stiffness of gaped pin joint is used as the parameter to correct locally the FEA model. By comparison with the measurement results of the test under five increasing load steps, the errors of simulation results relative to the test ones are smaller than17.48%. It shows that the stiffness model for gaped pin joint is well feasible. The corrected FEA model is then used to evaluate the safety performance.
本文针对实验室特制K型模型井架,采用有限元方法,通过与理想模型模拟结果对比,分析了缺陷对井架结构受力和结构稳定性的影响。分析结果显示,井架大腿局部锈蚀、穿孔、切口、斜撑缺失仅对结构局部受力有影响,对其余杆件受力影响不大；基础下沉、井架载荷偏心和销接间隙对整体结构的受力影响较大。井架载荷偏心、基础下沉、斜杆缺失对井架稳定性影响较大,销接间隙的影响较小。
起升是井架使用过程中比较危险的环节,本文分析了JJ225/42-K井架的起升工况。分析结果显示,0°是井架起升过程中的最危险角度,此时的起升力最大、结构受力最恶劣。随着起升角度的增大,起升力减小,结构所受最大应力变小。起升过程中,井架前腿的中下段受力较大。
本文工作中,按照井架测试规范,对实验室特制K型模型井架进行5级载荷静力测试。测试结果表明,模型井架四根大腿受力严重不均。对井架进行了安全承载能力实验评估。
本文通过缺陷对结构的影响分析,将载荷偏心、基础下沉和销接间隙作为导致实验室模型井架大腿受力不均的主要原因。在已知载荷偏心量和基础下沉量的前提下,以销接接触刚度作为参数对有限元模型进行局部模型修正。与5级载荷下的静载应力测试结果进行对比验证。结果表明,模拟和测试结果相对误差小于17.48%,证明了销接接触刚度法的可行性。在本文中,修正后的模型被用于对模型井架进行安全性能评估。
Due to the severe service condition, some local defects appear often in the derrick structures, such as corrosion, perforation, incision, diagonal bracing loosing or missing, pin joint gap and so on. The unusual loading and boundary conditions may happen during the process of using derrick, too, such as the load eccentricity and foundation sinks of the derricks. The load-carrying capacity of the derricks is affected by these defects described above.
In the present paper, the affection of defects on the K style laboratorial derrick is analyzed by FEA method. By comparation with the simulation results of a model without defect, the effects of above mentioned defects on stress distribution and structural stability of the derrick are analysized. The corrosion, perforation, incision on the leg of derrick and diagonal bracing missing represent only the local effects on stress distribution of the structure. The foundation sink, load eccentricity and pin joint gap have the important global influence on the structural stress distribution. The diagonal bracing missing, foundation sinks and load eccentricity prohibit the significant impacts on stability of the derrick, while the defect of pin joint gaps doesn't affect a lot.
The process of lifting derrick is a dangerous procedure for the service of derrick. In this paper, the lifting process of JJ225/41-K is simulated by ANSYS. When the lifting angle is zero, the lifting force takes it maximum value, and structure supports the most severe loads. With the increase of lifting angle, the load subjected by structure and the stress in the structure decreases. When the derrick is lifting up, the loads in fore legs of the derrick are greater than in the other parts.
In this paper, the static stress test of laboratorial derrick under the five increasing load steps is carried out according the derrick test specification. The test result shows that the stresses in four legs of derrick are severely uneven. The evaluation on derrick safety and carrying capacity is done based on the experimental data.
By virtue of the analysis on effect of the defects in the structure, the load eccentricity, foundation sink and pin joint gap are considered to be the main causes of the uneven loads in the legs of laboratorial derrick. Under the condition of known values for load eccentricity and fundation sink, the stiffness of gaped pin joint is used as the parameter to correct locally the FEA model. By comparison with the measurement results of the test under five increasing load steps, the errors of simulation results relative to the test ones are smaller than17.48%. It shows that the stiffness model for gaped pin joint is well feasible. The corrected FEA model is then used to evaluate the safety performance.
引文
[1]Non-destructive industrial condition test process for drilling derricks. USSR 1716075-A1.
[2]Testing loaded derrick of rotary drilling. USSR 1698415.
[3]常玉莲,杨敬源.由单位载荷变形判定转机井架的承载性能[J].石油机械.1995,23(2).
[4]李学彤,周国强.在用7000m转机井架可靠性评定[J].石油矿场机械.1992,21(6).
[5]周国强等.在用井架剩余承载能力极限状态评定方法[J].石油机械.1998,26(11).
[6]韩树江.在用钻机井架可靠性评定[J].钻采工艺.1995,18(2).
[7]段明成,郑勇,万夫.A型井架使用可靠性分析[J].钻采工艺.1995,18(2).
[8]万夫,段成明,郑勇.现役井架可靠性测评分析系统[J].天然气工业.1999,19(5).
[9]裴峻峰,杨其俊.评估石油井架工作寿命及可靠性的新方法[J].石油机械.1997,25(5).
[10]刘扬松,李文方.井架构件的模糊可靠度评定方法[J].石油机械.1998,26(9).
[11]张爱林,王光远.服役塔形井架承载力的二级模糊综合评判[J].石油机械.1995,23(4).
[12]张爱林,王光远,赵国藩.现役石油井架结构体系的模糊动态可靠性评定[J].工业建筑.1998,28(6).
[13]张爱林,赵国藩,王光远.现役塔型井架结构的模糊动态可靠度评定[J].石油工业技术监督.1997,13(6).
[14]崔晓华.用结构模态迁移法评定井架的安全承载能力[J].石油机械.2001,29(12).
[15]王惠德,周国强.用概率的方法确定井架安全度[J].石油矿场机械.1987,16(3)
[16]郭奕珊,周国强.井架临界载荷与振动参数的关系[J].石油机械.1995,23(12)
[17]周国强,郭奕珊.钻井井架结构承载能力的振动诊断方法.全国设备诊断技术学术会议,1997.中国机械工程学会设备维修分会设备诊断技术委员会主编.器工业出版社,1997.
[18]王元清,袁英战,周国强.含损伤缺陷采油井架钢结构双重非线性承载性能分析[J].建筑结构学报.2000,21(6)：62-67.
[19]周国强,刘金梅等.钻探用井架承载能力试验与安全评定[J].石油钻探技术.2008,36(4).
[20]韩东颖,李子丰等.基于模型局部修正的井架钢结构极限承载能力分析[J].工程力学.2007,24(10).
[21]刘金梅,周国强等.基于模型修正的井架评定方法[J].大庆石油学院学报.2004,28(6).
[22]刘金梅,周国强等.考虑损伤的石油井架极限承载能力仿真研究[J].系统仿真学 报.2009,21(6).
[23]魏辽,颜廷俊,刘宇.基于APDL的损伤缺陷对K形井架受力影响分析[J].石油矿场机械.2010,39(3).
[24]韩冬颖.基于损伤识别和模型修正的井架钢结构评定方法及应用.燕山大学博士论文.2008：14-22.
[25]张洪信,赵青海ANSYS有限元分析完全自学手册.机械工业出版社,2008.3：54-65
[26]龚曙光,黄云清.有限元分析与ANSYS APDL编程及高级应用.机械工业出版社,2009.2：1-2.
[27]康国政,阚前华,张娟.大型有限元程序的原理、结构与使用(2版).西南交大出版社,2008.3：1-2.
[28]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学(1)(第四版).高等教育出版社,2002.
[29]王春玲.塑性力学.中国建材工业出版社,2005.4(2006.3重印)：1-3.
[30]涂振飞.ANSYS.有限元分析工程应用实例教程.中国建筑工业出版社,2010：148-155.
[31]娄艳敏.ZJ40/225D.钻机井架承载能力与安全评定.大庆石油学院硕士论文.2007：20-21.
[32]张学军,陈孝珍.ZJ70DB型转机井架起升过程有限元仿真分析[J].石油机械矿场,2008,37(12)：35-38.
[33]张利峰.变截面门式钢架有限元分析.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.3.
[34]于彪.基于模型修正的井架安全评定.大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2008.3.
[35]刘雪梅.在用井架使用可靠性研究.四川大学工程硕士专业学位论文.2006.4.
[36]祝娟.作业井架的力学行为分析与承载能力研究.大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2004.2.
[37]Han Dongying, Zhou Guoqiang, Li Zifeng. Ultimate bearing capacity analysis of oil field drillingmasts[J]. Petroleum Science.2005,2(3):33-36.
[38]Li Zifeng,Han Dongying,Zhou Guoqiang.Ultimate load-carrying capacity forecast of derrick steel structures[J]仪器仪表学报.2007,28(4)：636-637.
[39]Wang Yuanqing,Yuan Yingzhan,Zhou Guoqiang. Double nonlinear analysis of the loading capacity of drilling derrick steel structure with defects and defacements [C]. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Structural Engineering,Kunming of China,Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1999:403-410.
[40]周国强,韩东颖.井架模型极限承载性能分析[J].大庆石油学院学报.2005,,29(3).
[41]周国强,韩东颖,郭奕珊.井架模型极限载荷试验[J].石油机械.2005,33(9).
[42]薛继军,郭谊民,爨莹,等.CAE技术在井架设计中的应用[J].应用力学学报.2005，,22(4).
[43]刘志,刘东升,邹龙庆,等.有初始变形井架结构分析的简便方法[J].石油机械.2001,29(10).
[44]Bijaya Jaishi.Finite element model updating of civil engineering structures underoperational conditions[D].Fu zhou:Fu zhou University,2005.
[45]M.Imregun and W.J.Visser.A review of model updating techniques[J]. The Shock andVibrationDigest.1991,23(1).
[46]刘东,寥日东,左正兴.分析／试验模型相关及修正技术若干问题[J].强度与环境.2003,30(1).
[47]向锦武,周传荣,张阿舟.基于建模误差位置识别的有限元模型修正方法[J].动工程学报.1997.10(1).
[48]M.Link. Updating of analytical models-Review of numerical procedures and applicationaspects[C]. In Processing of the Structural Dynamics Forum SD2000,LosAlamos,1999.
[49]杨序贵,刘守圭.基于优化方法的有限元模型修正方法[J].中山大学学报.2005,44(6).
[50]万夫,段成明,郑勇.现役井架可靠性测评分析系统[J].天然气工业..999，,19(5)：57-60.
[51]秦延龙,杨玉霞.井架试验模型设计[J].石油矿场机械.1993,22(3).
[52]薛继军,许爱荣等.钻机井架有限元模态分析[J].石油矿场机械.2001,(6).
[53]常玉连,邹龙庆等.斜拉杆对前开口井架前大腿稳定性的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报.1997,21(1).
[54]何军国,刘永勤.无绷绳桅形海洋井架的有限元计算结果分析[J].石油矿场机械.2000,29(3)
[2]Testing loaded derrick of rotary drilling. USSR 1698415.
[3]常玉莲,杨敬源.由单位载荷变形判定转机井架的承载性能[J].石油机械.1995,23(2).
[4]李学彤,周国强.在用7000m转机井架可靠性评定[J].石油矿场机械.1992,21(6).
[5]周国强等.在用井架剩余承载能力极限状态评定方法[J].石油机械.1998,26(11).
[6]韩树江.在用钻机井架可靠性评定[J].钻采工艺.1995,18(2).
[7]段明成,郑勇,万夫.A型井架使用可靠性分析[J].钻采工艺.1995,18(2).
[8]万夫,段成明,郑勇.现役井架可靠性测评分析系统[J].天然气工业.1999,19(5).
[9]裴峻峰,杨其俊.评估石油井架工作寿命及可靠性的新方法[J].石油机械.1997,25(5).
[10]刘扬松,李文方.井架构件的模糊可靠度评定方法[J].石油机械.1998,26(9).
[11]张爱林,王光远.服役塔形井架承载力的二级模糊综合评判[J].石油机械.1995,23(4).
[12]张爱林,王光远,赵国藩.现役石油井架结构体系的模糊动态可靠性评定[J].工业建筑.1998,28(6).
[13]张爱林,赵国藩,王光远.现役塔型井架结构的模糊动态可靠度评定[J].石油工业技术监督.1997,13(6).
[14]崔晓华.用结构模态迁移法评定井架的安全承载能力[J].石油机械.2001,29(12).
[15]王惠德,周国强.用概率的方法确定井架安全度[J].石油矿场机械.1987,16(3)
[16]郭奕珊,周国强.井架临界载荷与振动参数的关系[J].石油机械.1995,23(12)
[17]周国强,郭奕珊.钻井井架结构承载能力的振动诊断方法.全国设备诊断技术学术会议,1997.中国机械工程学会设备维修分会设备诊断技术委员会主编.器工业出版社,1997.
[18]王元清,袁英战,周国强.含损伤缺陷采油井架钢结构双重非线性承载性能分析[J].建筑结构学报.2000,21(6)：62-67.
[19]周国强,刘金梅等.钻探用井架承载能力试验与安全评定[J].石油钻探技术.2008,36(4).
[20]韩东颖,李子丰等.基于模型局部修正的井架钢结构极限承载能力分析[J].工程力学.2007,24(10).
[21]刘金梅,周国强等.基于模型修正的井架评定方法[J].大庆石油学院学报.2004,28(6).
[22]刘金梅,周国强等.考虑损伤的石油井架极限承载能力仿真研究[J].系统仿真学 报.2009,21(6).
[23]魏辽,颜廷俊,刘宇.基于APDL的损伤缺陷对K形井架受力影响分析[J].石油矿场机械.2010,39(3).
[24]韩冬颖.基于损伤识别和模型修正的井架钢结构评定方法及应用.燕山大学博士论文.2008：14-22.
[25]张洪信,赵青海ANSYS有限元分析完全自学手册.机械工业出版社,2008.3：54-65
[26]龚曙光,黄云清.有限元分析与ANSYS APDL编程及高级应用.机械工业出版社,2009.2：1-2.
[27]康国政,阚前华,张娟.大型有限元程序的原理、结构与使用(2版).西南交大出版社,2008.3：1-2.
[28]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学(1)(第四版).高等教育出版社,2002.
[29]王春玲.塑性力学.中国建材工业出版社,2005.4(2006.3重印)：1-3.
[30]涂振飞.ANSYS.有限元分析工程应用实例教程.中国建筑工业出版社,2010：148-155.
[31]娄艳敏.ZJ40/225D.钻机井架承载能力与安全评定.大庆石油学院硕士论文.2007：20-21.
[32]张学军,陈孝珍.ZJ70DB型转机井架起升过程有限元仿真分析[J].石油机械矿场,2008,37(12)：35-38.
[33]张利峰.变截面门式钢架有限元分析.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.3.
[34]于彪.基于模型修正的井架安全评定.大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2008.3.
[35]刘雪梅.在用井架使用可靠性研究.四川大学工程硕士专业学位论文.2006.4.
[36]祝娟.作业井架的力学行为分析与承载能力研究.大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2004.2.
[37]Han Dongying, Zhou Guoqiang, Li Zifeng. Ultimate bearing capacity analysis of oil field drillingmasts[J]. Petroleum Science.2005,2(3):33-36.
[38]Li Zifeng,Han Dongying,Zhou Guoqiang.Ultimate load-carrying capacity forecast of derrick steel structures[J]仪器仪表学报.2007,28(4)：636-637.
[39]Wang Yuanqing,Yuan Yingzhan,Zhou Guoqiang. Double nonlinear analysis of the loading capacity of drilling derrick steel structure with defects and defacements [C]. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Structural Engineering,Kunming of China,Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1999:403-410.
[40]周国强,韩东颖.井架模型极限承载性能分析[J].大庆石油学院学报.2005,,29(3).
[41]周国强,韩东颖,郭奕珊.井架模型极限载荷试验[J].石油机械.2005,33(9).
[42]薛继军,郭谊民,爨莹,等.CAE技术在井架设计中的应用[J].应用力学学报.2005，,22(4).
[43]刘志,刘东升,邹龙庆,等.有初始变形井架结构分析的简便方法[J].石油机械.2001,29(10).
[44]Bijaya Jaishi.Finite element model updating of civil engineering structures underoperational conditions[D].Fu zhou:Fu zhou University,2005.
[45]M.Imregun and W.J.Visser.A review of model updating techniques[J]. The Shock andVibrationDigest.1991,23(1).
[46]刘东,寥日东,左正兴.分析／试验模型相关及修正技术若干问题[J].强度与环境.2003,30(1).
[47]向锦武,周传荣,张阿舟.基于建模误差位置识别的有限元模型修正方法[J].动工程学报.1997.10(1).
[48]M.Link. Updating of analytical models-Review of numerical procedures and applicationaspects[C]. In Processing of the Structural Dynamics Forum SD2000,LosAlamos,1999.
[49]杨序贵,刘守圭.基于优化方法的有限元模型修正方法[J].中山大学学报.2005,44(6).
[50]万夫,段成明,郑勇.现役井架可靠性测评分析系统[J].天然气工业..999，,19(5)：57-60.
[51]秦延龙,杨玉霞.井架试验模型设计[J].石油矿场机械.1993,22(3).
[52]薛继军,许爱荣等.钻机井架有限元模态分析[J].石油矿场机械.2001,(6).
[53]常玉连,邹龙庆等.斜拉杆对前开口井架前大腿稳定性的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报.1997,21(1).
[54]何军国,刘永勤.无绷绳桅形海洋井架的有限元计算结果分析[J].石油矿场机械.2000,29(3)