作业成本控制研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着中国加入WTO,企业和市场正日益全球化,企业面临的竞争将日趋激烈,为了在竞争中求得发展,企业必须应用高新技术,生产多样化的产品满足顾客的需要,因此,企业面临全新的制造环境促使了作业成本控制的产生与发展。
     本论文是在充分研究了国内外有关成本控制理论与文献的基础上,吸取先进的成本控制经验与成果,初步建立了作业成本控制理论,并将理论应用于实践。
     作业成本控制流程包括成本控制标准的制定、成本差异计算与分析、作业中心业绩考核和作业管理。具体地讲就是根据市场确定出产品的目标成本,倒推出成本控制的标准,特别强调这种标准是动态的标准,它是随市场不断变化的,以反映新的条件和新的目标:然后,利用作业成本法计算出产品与作业的实际成本,计算标准与实际成本的差异并进行分析。最后,作业中心既是成本汇集中心也是责任考核中心,用档次成本法对作业中心进行考核,实行成本否决制。进行作业管理,进一步降低产品成本,更有效、更有针对性地达到成本控制的目标。
     将作业成本控制理论应用于北京水工机械厂,进行了理论的适用性与可行性的研究。通过对作业成本控制理论及其在工厂中应用的研究得出结论:作业成本控制是符合先进制造环境的一种新型的成本控制方法,尽管目前在我国采用作业成本控制的条件还不太成熟,但不能否认作业成本控制是未来成本控制的发展趋势。
The market in China is global more and more in company with our county's being admitted to WTO and the competition among enterprises becomes severe increasingly. In order to be success in the competition, an enterprise must introduce new and high technologies and manufacture diversified goods to meet the diverse needs of consumers. Therefore, the Activity-Based Costing Control comes into being and develops in the new conditions of the manufacturing industry in future China.
    On the basis of wide research on theories and literatures of cost control at home and abroad, the theory of Activity-Based Control is established and applied to practice in the thesis.
    The theory of Activity-Based Control include several aspects, such as the establishment of cost control standard, calculation and analysis of the costing variances, the performance evaluation of Activity Center and Activity-Based management. The target cost of the competitive products is ascertained in advance according to the market, and then the standards of Activity-Based Cost Control are deduced. Standards changes are important as they may follow the fact of the real market in order to reflect the new conditions and targets. Then the actual cost of products and Activity is calculated through activity-Based costing and the cost variance between the standards and the actual cost is analyzed. Finally, the Activity Center is not only the cost center of Interval Cost but also the center of performance evaluation. The Activity Center is evaluated by Interval Cost Method. Reducing the cost of
    activities, the Activity-Based Cost control is more effective and pertinent to control the cost of an enterprise.
    The theory of the Activity-Based Cost Control is applied in water-pipe shop of Beijing hydraulic Machine Factory, and the result indicates that the theory is applicable and practicable. On the basis of study and application of the theory of Activity-Based Cost Control, the following conclusion can be drawn. The Activity-Based Cost Control is an advisable method for highly automatic advanced manufacturing environment of modern enterprises. The conditions for the application of Activity-Based Cost Control in China is immature, but the trend to apply Activity-Based Cost Control is evident
引文
[1]董维庄、武锦祥,试论制造企业的成本控制,山西财经学院学报,1996,6.
    [2]王宛秋,作业会计与成本控制,四川会计,1996,3.
    [3]Cooper, R., Kaplan, R.S., Measure cost right make the right decisions, Harvard Business Review, September-October, 1988.
    [4]George. J.Staybys, Richard. D.Irwin, Activity costing and input—output accounting, Inc, 1971.
    [5]Cooper, R., The rise of activity-based costing—Part one: What is an activity-based cost system?Journal of Cost Management, Summer, 1988, P41-48.
    [6]Cooper, R., The rise of activity-based costing—Part two: when do I need an activity-based costing system? Journal of Cost Management, Summer, 1988, P45-53.
    [7]Cooper, R., The rise of activity-based costing—Part three: How many cost duivers do you need,and how do you select them? Journal of Cost Management, 1989, P34-46.
    [8]Cooper, R., Kaplan, R.S., Measure costs right: Make the right the decisions, Harvard Business Review, September/October, 1988.
    [9]Cooper, R., The rise of activity-based costing—Part four: What do activity-based cost systems look like? Journal of Cost Management, 1989, P38-49.
    [10]Brimson, J., Activity accounting, New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
    [11]Cooper, Kaplan, Maisel, Morrisey, Oehm, Implementing activity—based cost mangement:Moving from Analysis to Action, Institute of Management6 Accountants, 1992, p27, Preface.
    [12]米切尔·马赫,成本会计:为管理创造价值(第五版),姚海鑫等译,北京:机械工业出版社1999.8 P218.
    [13]Kaplan, R.S., Atkinson, A.A., Advanced management accounting, 3rd ed, Prentice Hall, Inc,1998.
    [14]查尔斯·T·霍恩格伦、乔治·福斯特、斯里坎特·M·达塔,成本会计学:以管理为重心(第九版),王立彦、王永梅主译,东北财经大学出版社.
    [15]William Rotch, Activity-based costing in service industries, Journal of Cost Management,Summer 1990, P4-14.
    [16]Hobdy, Thomson, Sharman, Activity-based management at AT&T.
    [17]Michael Crane, John Meyer, Focusing on true costs in a service organization, Management Accounting, February, 1993, P41-45.
    [18]David A. Carlson, S. Mark Young, Activity-based total quality management at American Express, Journal of Cost Management, Spring, 1993, P48-58.
    
    
    [19]David J. Hart, How Activity Accounting Works in Government, Management Accounting,September, 1990, P36-40.
    [20]朱云、陈工孟,作业成本法在香港应用的调查分析(一)(二),会计研究,2000,8.
    [21]John Innes, Falconer Michell: A Survey of activity-Based costing in the U.K.'s Largest companies, Management Accounting Research, 1995,6, P137-153.
    [22]刘希宋、方跃、邵晓峰、贾静著,作业成本法—机理、模型、实证分析,北京:国防工业出版社,1999,p13.
    [23]余绪缨,以ABM为核心的新管理体系的基本框架,当代财经,1994,4.
    [24]王光远,对ABC相关研究的回顾及其动因分析,当代财经,1994,6.
    [25]胡玉明,作业管理的基本特点及其在管理上的重大开拓性,当代财经,1994,8
    [26]汪一凡,作业成本系统设计的几个问题,当代财经,1994,10.
    [27]骆德明,JIT对传统管理会计的挑战,当代财经,1995,1.
    [28]骆德明,成本计算的作业成本计算法,四川会计,1995,4.
    [29]骆德明,作业成本计算及其模型的构建,管理会计(台湾),1995,10.
    [30]余绪缨,简论当代管理会计的新发展,会计研究,1995,7.
    [31]王光远,作业会计的基本概念,会计研究,1995,7。
    [32]王平心、靳新民,新制造环境下成本管理的新思维—推进企业采用作业成本法(上),机械工业发展战略与科技管理,1995,5.
    [33]李明红、王平心,适应先进生产系统的作业基础成本系统,经济管理论坛,1997,2.
    [34]王平心,成本动因的同质性研究,数量经济技术经济研究,1999,5.
    [35]王平心,实行ABC决策分析,上海会计,1999,7.
    [36]王平心、韩新民、靳庆鲁,作业成本计算、作业管理及其在我国应用的现实性,会计研究1999,8.
    [37]欧佩玉、王平心,作业分析法及其在我国先进制造企业的应用,会计研究,2000,2.
    [38]王平心、靳庆鲁、柯大纲,作业成本法在中国企业的应用探讨,中国会计与财务研究,2000,3。
    [39]管理会计应用与发展的典型案例研究课题组,作业成本法在我国铁路运输企业应用的案例研究,会计研究,2001,2.
    [40]原莉缤,改善性控制是我国企业成本控制的有效机制
    [41]中国注册会计师教育教材编审委员会,成本管理会计,中国人民大学出版社,1995,1.
    [42]余绪缨,管理会计学,中国人民大学出版社,1999,8,P441.
    [43]孙茂竹、文光伟、杨万贵,管理会计学,中国人民大学出版社,1999,10,P442、p362.
    [44]欧阳清,我国成本改革的回顾和展望,会计研究,1998,5.
    
    
    [45]李丽,成本控制是企业实现目标的根本途径,管理纵横.
    [46]乐艳芬,试谈现代企业成本管理的变革,上海会计,1999,2.
    [47]韩季瀛、杨继良,论邯钢成本管理经验,会计研究,1998,8,P38.
    [48]于富生、黎文珠、王俊生,成本会计学,中国人民大学出版社,1998,8,P2、P261.
    [49]穆庆贵、陈文安,新编工业企业管理,立信会计出版社,1995,4,P415.
    [50]张友赏,现代企业制度下成本控制理论探索,四川会计,1995,8,P8.
    [51]崔颖、邸志强,论成本控制的模式与方法,黑龙江财会.
    [52]James Don Edwards, Roland F. Salmonson, Contributions of four accounting pioneers,Michigan State Unitversity, 1961, P19.
    [53]James A Brimson, Activity accounting—an activity-based costing approach, John Wiley & Zons, Inc, 1991.
    [54]Ronald J. Lweis, Activity-based costing for marketing and manufacturing, Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
    [55]Brimsoun J.A. et al., Activity accounting -activity-based costing approach, John Wiley & Sons, INC., 1991.
    [56]靳庆鲁,成本动因的理论与应用研究,西安交通大学硕士学位论文,1999,3,p31、p17.
    [57]Turney, P.B.B., Activity-basedmanagement, Mgmt, Acc., 1992, P20-25.
    [58]章家瑞,浅析成本目标管理在我国的应用与发展,会计研究.
    [59]Peter B.B. Turney, Activity-based management, Management Accounting, January, 1992, P20-25.
    [60]Norm Raffish, Peter B.B.Turney, Glossary of Activity-Based Management, Journal of Cost Management, Full, 1991, P57.
    [61]Peter B.B. Turney, The ABC perfomance breakthrough, Cost Technology, OR, 1991, P71-72.
    [62]骆德明,以ABM为核心、以ABC为中介的新管理体系,研究博士学位论文,厦门大学会计系余绪缨教授指导,1996,8,P44、p38、p45.
    [63]张熙华,作业成本法在中国的应用前景初析,四川会计,1996,11.
    [64]魏法杰,郑筠,企业动态随机生产函数模型,工业工程,1998,1.
    [65]张人千、魏法杰,动态随机作业成本控制系统框架研究,中国管理科学,2000,11.
    [66]刘书,中国将变成世界工厂,北京晨报,2002,2,2,星期六.
    [67]中国加入WTO网上专题报导,“入世”后中国制造业如何应战,2001,8.
    [68]胡奕明,ABC、ABM在我国企业的自发形成与发展,会计研究,2001,3.
    [69]中国加入WT0网上专题报导,加入WT0带来经济繁荣与发展,2001,12.
    [70]欧阳清,成本会计的发展趋势及我们的对策,财会周刊,www.ckweekly.com.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700