长江三角洲典型地区作物重金属空间变异性研究
|
摘要
随着全球经济的快速发展,工业化进程加快,以及农业生产方式的变革,含重金属的污染物通过各种途径进入环境,尤其以土壤居多。土壤重金属的富集会影响作物品质,进而对人类健康产生威胁。
本文以长江三角洲地区经济快速发展的张家港市为研究区域,通过稻麦和土壤样品的采集,研究了该地区稻麦籽粒中重金属元素的含量及其空间变异性,并初步建立了稻麦重金属积累模型,这为该市农产品质量安全的评价和针对性农业管理措施的开展提供了重要的基础资料和参考依据。结果表明:
1.目前,张家港局部地区存在着稻麦籽粒Pb和小麦Cd超标的现象。稻麦籽粒Cu和水稻Cd在某些工厂企业周围含量较高,应当引起关注。
2.空间分布上,水稻重金属Cu、Pb含量在雏形土地区明显高于人为土地区,而水稻中Cd的空间分布则相反;小麦Cu、Cd的空间分布为人为土高于雏形土,小麦Pb与此相反。
3.土壤重金属Cu、Cd全量对稻麦Cu、Cd含量和富集有着明显的影响,同时,土壤Pb含量对小麦Pb含量和富集有着明显的影响。对Cd元素而言,土壤pH的变化对稻麦籽粒中Cd元素的富集有明显的影响。
4.工业活动导致的土壤重金属含量异常对稻麦籽粒中元素含量影响比较突出,不同类型的工厂企业对水稻重金属的影响不同,化工类企业周围的稻麦重金属Cu和Cd含量要明显高,稻麦重金属Pb在冶金类企业周围的含量要明显高。
5.作物中重金属含量及其空间分布受土壤重金属含量、土壤性质、作物及重金属种类等诸多因素的影响。同作物的吸收能力、不同重金属的迁移能力的强弱也影响着作物对土壤中重金属的吸收。对于重金属元素Cu和Cd来说,两种作物对其吸收能力的强弱为:小麦＞水稻;而对重金属元素Pb来说,则为:水稻＞小麦。对于不同的重金属种类来说,小麦对三种重金属元素的吸收能力的强弱为:Cd＞Cu＞Pb,水稻为:Cu＞Cd＞Pb,因此,可以根据不同作物对不同重金属的吸收特性,在某种重金属聚集严重的区域种植吸收能力弱的作物,可有效地防止作物重金属超标,而危害人类健康。
6.通过逐步回归所得到的稻麦籽粒重金属统计模型,具有显著的统计学意义。
With rapid global economic development and industrialization, as well as changing agriculture practices, heavy metal pollutants are introduced to the environment, especially the soil, in various ways. Plant biology and human health are negatively impacted by highly concentrations of heavy metals in their surroundings.
In this study, the spatial variation of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), in rice and wheat grains, were studied by collecting soil and crop samples in Zhangjiagang County of the Yangtze River Delta in China, and primary statistical models of heavy metal accumulation in rice and wheat grain were developed. These results can provide important basic information and reference for assessing security of agricultural product quality and performing effective agricultural management in the region. Results are described as follows:
1. Pb and Cd contents in some rice and wheat samples significantly exceeded the National Food Health Standards (NFHS) (GB2762-2005). Most of samples which exceeded the standards appeared in the areas near industries. The Cu in rice and wheat, and Cd in rice have no threat to human health at present, but accumulation of Cu and Cd in the areas near industries should be closely monitored.
2. Spatially, Cu and Pb content in rice was higher in Anthrosols than Cambosols and the converse was true with respect to Cd (p<0.05); Cu and Cd content in wheat was higher in Cambosols than Anthrosols, and for Pb was higher in Anthrosols than Cambosols.
3. The accumulation of Cu and Cd in rice and wheat were significantly affected by their background level in the soil, as was Pb in wheat. Accumulation of Cd was affected by soil pH.
4. The heavy metal content in rice and wheat was also dependant on the types of industries presented. Cu and Cd were higher in areas close to chemical industries, while Pb was higher in areas close to metallurgy industries.
5. Content and distribution of heavy metal in crops is influenced by their concentration in the soil, soil properties, types of crops, and heavy metal properties. Crop uptake of heavy metals from soils was influenced by crop types and transfer ability of heavy metals. For Cu and Cd, crop uptake was higher for wheat than rice, and higher for rice than wheat for Pb. For different heavy metals, metal uptakes by wheat was in the following order: Cd > Cu > Pb; uptake by rice was in the following order: Cu > Cd > Pb. Therefore, crops with weak uptake towards certain heavy metals should be paired with soil affected by that particular heavy metal to reduce the impact on human health.
6. The heavy metal models in rice and wheat grains by stepwise regression can fit the heavy metal contents in rice and wheat grain estimations on Anthrosols and Cambosols in Zhangjiagang.
本文以长江三角洲地区经济快速发展的张家港市为研究区域,通过稻麦和土壤样品的采集,研究了该地区稻麦籽粒中重金属元素的含量及其空间变异性,并初步建立了稻麦重金属积累模型,这为该市农产品质量安全的评价和针对性农业管理措施的开展提供了重要的基础资料和参考依据。结果表明:
1.目前,张家港局部地区存在着稻麦籽粒Pb和小麦Cd超标的现象。稻麦籽粒Cu和水稻Cd在某些工厂企业周围含量较高,应当引起关注。
2.空间分布上,水稻重金属Cu、Pb含量在雏形土地区明显高于人为土地区,而水稻中Cd的空间分布则相反;小麦Cu、Cd的空间分布为人为土高于雏形土,小麦Pb与此相反。
3.土壤重金属Cu、Cd全量对稻麦Cu、Cd含量和富集有着明显的影响,同时,土壤Pb含量对小麦Pb含量和富集有着明显的影响。对Cd元素而言,土壤pH的变化对稻麦籽粒中Cd元素的富集有明显的影响。
4.工业活动导致的土壤重金属含量异常对稻麦籽粒中元素含量影响比较突出,不同类型的工厂企业对水稻重金属的影响不同,化工类企业周围的稻麦重金属Cu和Cd含量要明显高,稻麦重金属Pb在冶金类企业周围的含量要明显高。
5.作物中重金属含量及其空间分布受土壤重金属含量、土壤性质、作物及重金属种类等诸多因素的影响。同作物的吸收能力、不同重金属的迁移能力的强弱也影响着作物对土壤中重金属的吸收。对于重金属元素Cu和Cd来说,两种作物对其吸收能力的强弱为:小麦＞水稻;而对重金属元素Pb来说,则为:水稻＞小麦。对于不同的重金属种类来说,小麦对三种重金属元素的吸收能力的强弱为:Cd＞Cu＞Pb,水稻为:Cu＞Cd＞Pb,因此,可以根据不同作物对不同重金属的吸收特性,在某种重金属聚集严重的区域种植吸收能力弱的作物,可有效地防止作物重金属超标,而危害人类健康。
6.通过逐步回归所得到的稻麦籽粒重金属统计模型,具有显著的统计学意义。
With rapid global economic development and industrialization, as well as changing agriculture practices, heavy metal pollutants are introduced to the environment, especially the soil, in various ways. Plant biology and human health are negatively impacted by highly concentrations of heavy metals in their surroundings.
In this study, the spatial variation of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), in rice and wheat grains, were studied by collecting soil and crop samples in Zhangjiagang County of the Yangtze River Delta in China, and primary statistical models of heavy metal accumulation in rice and wheat grain were developed. These results can provide important basic information and reference for assessing security of agricultural product quality and performing effective agricultural management in the region. Results are described as follows:
1. Pb and Cd contents in some rice and wheat samples significantly exceeded the National Food Health Standards (NFHS) (GB2762-2005). Most of samples which exceeded the standards appeared in the areas near industries. The Cu in rice and wheat, and Cd in rice have no threat to human health at present, but accumulation of Cu and Cd in the areas near industries should be closely monitored.
2. Spatially, Cu and Pb content in rice was higher in Anthrosols than Cambosols and the converse was true with respect to Cd (p<0.05); Cu and Cd content in wheat was higher in Cambosols than Anthrosols, and for Pb was higher in Anthrosols than Cambosols.
3. The accumulation of Cu and Cd in rice and wheat were significantly affected by their background level in the soil, as was Pb in wheat. Accumulation of Cd was affected by soil pH.
4. The heavy metal content in rice and wheat was also dependant on the types of industries presented. Cu and Cd were higher in areas close to chemical industries, while Pb was higher in areas close to metallurgy industries.
5. Content and distribution of heavy metal in crops is influenced by their concentration in the soil, soil properties, types of crops, and heavy metal properties. Crop uptake of heavy metals from soils was influenced by crop types and transfer ability of heavy metals. For Cu and Cd, crop uptake was higher for wheat than rice, and higher for rice than wheat for Pb. For different heavy metals, metal uptakes by wheat was in the following order: Cd > Cu > Pb; uptake by rice was in the following order: Cu > Cd > Pb. Therefore, crops with weak uptake towards certain heavy metals should be paired with soil affected by that particular heavy metal to reduce the impact on human health.
6. The heavy metal models in rice and wheat grains by stepwise regression can fit the heavy metal contents in rice and wheat grain estimations on Anthrosols and Cambosols in Zhangjiagang.
引文
1 蔡保松,曹林奎.镉对小麦生长发育的影响及其基因型间差异[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):62-66
2 蔡保松,张国平.大、小麦对镉的吸收、运输及在籽粒中的积累[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(3):82-86
3 曹仁林,霍文瑞,何宗兰等.钙镁磷肥对土壤中镉形态转化与水稻吸镉的影响[J].重庆环境科学,1993,16(6):6-9
4 常学秀,施晓东.土壤重金属污染与食品安全[J].云南环境科学,2001,20(增刊):21-24,77
5 陈丙义,赵安芳.重金属污染土壤对农业生产的影响及其可持续利用的措施[J].平顶山工业学报,2003,12(2):31-33
6 陈怀满.土壤—植物系统中的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996,7-158
7 陈怀满,郑春荣,徐从等.中国土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策[J].人类环境杂志,1999,28(2):130-134
8 陈晓婷,王果,梁林洲等.石灰与泥炭配施抑制小白菜对重金属的吸收[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(3):392-396
9 陈英旭,朱祖祥,何增耀等.土壤中铬的有效性与污染生志效应[J].生态学杂志,1995,15(1):79-84
10 陈志良,仇荣良,张景书等.重金属污染土壤的修复技术[J].环境保护,2002,6:21-23
11 程旺大.水稻籽粒有毒重金属含量的基因型和环境效应研究[D].浙江大学博士毕业论文.2004
12 程旺大,姚海根,吴伟等.土壤-水稻体系中的重金属污染及其控制[J].中国农业科技导报,2005,7(4):51-54
13 程旺大,姚海根,张国平等.镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(3):528-537
14 崔德杰,张玉龙.土壤重金属污染现状与修复技术研究进展[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3):365-370
15 崔玉静,赵中秋,刘文菊等.镉在土壤-植物-人体系统中迁移积累及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2003,23(10):2133-2143
16 丁园,宗良纲.不同土壤重金属复合污染的有效态离子冲量特征[J].环境污染与防治,2003, 25(3):173-178
17 方凤满,王起超.土壤汞污染研究进展[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(4):326-329
18 冯恭衍,张矩,吴建平.宝山区蔬菜重金属污染研究[J].上海农学院学报,1993,11(1):43-50
19 傅显华,吴启堂.不同物料对叶菜吸收镉铅的影响[J].农业环境保护,1995,14(4):145-149
20 高亮之.农业模型学基础[M].香港:天马图书有限公司,2004
21 葛才林,杨小勇,孙锦荷等.重金属胁迫引起的水稻和小麦幼苗DNA损伤[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002,28(6):419-424
22 龚伟群,潘根兴.中国水稻生产中Cd吸收及其健康风险的有关问题[J].科技导报,2006,24(5):43-48
23 顾继光,周启星,王新.土壤重金属污染的治理途径及其研究进展[J].应用基础和科学学报,2003,11(2):143-151
24 顾淑华,朱忠精,顾宗濂等.红壤性水稻土铅临界含量研究[J].农业环境保护,1989,8(3):17-22
25 关共凑,徐颂,黄金国.重金属在土壤-水稻体系中的分布、变化及迁移规律分析[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):315-318
26 韩梅,李发生,卢桂兰等.外源Cd胁迫对不同类型土壤中蔬菜生长的影响及其残留效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):213-216
27 贺建群,许嘉琳,杨居荣等.土壤中有效态Cd、Cu、zn、Pb提取剂的选择[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(6):246-251
28 胡培松.土壤有毒重金属镉毒害及低镉积累型水稻筛选与改良[J].中国稻米,2004,(2):10-12
29 黄勇,郭庆荣,任海等.珠江三角洲典型地区蔬菜重金属污染现状研究.以中山市和东莞市为例[J].生态环境,2005,14(4):559-561
30 李波,林玉锁,张孝飞等.沪宁高速公路两侧土壤和小麦重金属污染状况[J].农村生态环境,2005,21(3):50-53,70
31 李坤权,刘建国,陆小龙等.水稻不同品种对镉吸收及分配的差异[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(5):529-532
32 李丽光,何兴元,曹志强等.土壤-作物系统中铅的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):78-82
33 李瑞美,王果,方玲.钙镁磷肥与有机物料配施对作物镉铅吸收的控制效果[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(4):348-351
34 李天杰.土壤环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995
35 李湘洲.公路系统沿线作物铅累积状况的研究[J].中南林学院学报,2002,22(1):40-42
36 李正文,张艳玲,潘根兴等.不同水稻品种籽粒Cd、Cu和Se的含量差异及其人类膳食摄取风险[J].环境科学,2003,24(3):112-115
37 梁称福,陈正法,刘明月.蔬菜重金属污染研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2002,(4):45-48
38 廖敏,黄昌勇,谢正苗.施加石灰降低不同母质土壤中镉毒性机理研究[J].农业环境保护,1998,17(3):101-103
39 廖自基.环境中微量重金属元素的污染危害与迁移转化[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,75-78
40 刘建国,李坤权,张祖建等.水稻不同品种对铅吸收分配的差异及机理[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(2):291-294
41 刘俊华,王文华.土壤中汞生物有效性的研究[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(4):216-220
42 刘润堂,许建中.我国污水灌溉现状、问题及其对策[J].中国水利,2002,(10):123-125
43 刘文菊,张西科,尹君等.镉在水稻根际的生物有效性[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(3):184-187
44 刘霞,刘树庆,王胜爱.河北主要土壤中Cd和Pb的形态分布及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):393-400
45 刘秀梅,聂俊华,王庆华.Pb对农作物的生理生态效应[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(3):201-203
46 刘影.稻麦作物镉积累模型初步研究[D].南京农业大学硕士论文.2007
47 刘影,黄耀.水稻籽粒镉积累模型[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(1):4-8
48 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000,1-638
49 马瑾,万洪富,杨国义等.东莞市蔬菜重金属污染状况研究[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):319-322
50 马耀华,刘树应.环境土壤学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998,178-207
51 马志毅.城市污水回用概述[J].给水排水,1997,23(12):61-63
52 莫争,王春霞.重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd在水稻植株中的富集和分布[J].环境化学,2002,21(2):110-116
53 南忠仁,李吉均.干旱区耕作土壤中重金属镉铅剖面分布及其行为研究[J].干旱区研究,2000, 17(4):39-45
54 潘海峰,邵水松.铬渣堆存区土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境与开发,1994,9(2):268-270
55 潘逸,周立祥.施用有机物料对土壤中Cu、Cd形态及小麦吸收的影响:田间微区试验[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(2):142-146
56 尚爱国,刘玉荣,梁重山.土壤中重金属的生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤,2000,6
57 邵学新.经济高速发展地区人为作用对土壤重金属污染的影响及其生态效应研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士论文.2006
58 邵学新,黄标,顾志权等.长三角经济告诉发展地区土壤pH时空变化及其影响因素[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2006a,25(2):143-149
59 邵学新,黄标,孙维侠等.长江三角洲典型地区工业企业的分布对土壤重金属污染的影响[J].土壤学报,2006b,43(3):397-404
60 施农农,陈志伟,贾秀英.镉胁迫下水稻种子的萌芽生长及体内水解酶的活性变化[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(5):213-216
61 宋阿琳,娄运生,梁永超.不同水稻品种对铜镉的吸收与耐性研究[J].农业资源与环境科学,2006,22(9):408-411
62 万红友,周生路,赵其国等.苏南经济快速发展区土壤有效态镉含量影响因素及分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(2):213-218
63 王广林,刘登义.冶炼厂污灌区土壤-水稻系统重金属积累特征的研究[J].土壤,2005,37(3):299-303
64 王贵玲,蔺文静.污水灌溉对土壤的污染及其整治[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(2):163-166
65 王激清,刘波,苏德纯.超积累镉油菜品种的筛选[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(1):13-16
66 王凯荣,龚惠群,王久荣.栽培植物的耐镉性与镉污染土壤的农业利用[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(4):196-199
67 王凯荣,郭焱,何电源等.重金属污染对稻米品质影响的研究[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(6):254-257
68 王丽凤,白俊贵.沈阳市蔬菜污染调查及防治途径研究[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(2):84-88
69 王庆仁,刘秀梅,崖岩山等.我国几个工矿与污灌区土壤重金属污染状况及原因探讨[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3):354-358
70 王玉纵,张金彪,苏年华.福建耕地土壤重金属污染的生态效应[J].福建农业大学学报,1996,25(4):461-466
71 王祖伟,李宗梅,王景刚等.天津污灌区土壤重金属含量与理化性质对小麦吸收重金属的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1406-1410
72 吴启堂,陈卢.水稻不同品种对Cd吸收积累的差异和机理研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):104-107
73 吴燕玉,王新.重金属复合污染对土壤—植物系统的生态效应.Ⅰ,对作物、微生物、苜蓿、树木的影响[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(2):207-212
74 吴燕玉,王新,梁仁禄等.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染在农田生态系统的迁移动态研究[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(4):407-414.
75 吴燕玉,余国营.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染对水稻的影响[J].农业环境保护,1998,17(2):49-54
76 夏汉平.土壤-植物系统中的镉研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,1997,3(3):289-298
77 夏立江,王宏康.土壤污染及其防治[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2001
78 夏增禄.土壤环境容量研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1986,81-85
79 夏增禄.土壤环境容量及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1988,95-97
80 夏增禄,蔡士悦,许嘉琳.中国土壤环境容量[M].北京:地震出版社,1992
81 谢建治,刘树庆,刘玉柱等.保定市郊土壤重金属污染对蔬菜营养品质的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(4):325-327
82 谢正苗,李静,徐建明等.杭州市郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中Pb、Zn和Cu含量的环境质量评价[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):742-747
83 许嘉琳.砷污染土壤的作物效应及其影响因素[J].土壤,1996,28(2):85-89
84 许炼烽,郝兴仁,冯显湘.城市蔬菜的重金属污染及其对策[J].生态科学,2000,19(1):80-85
85 严连香,黄标,邵学新等.长江三角洲典型地区土壤有效铜和锌的时空变化及其影响因素研究[J].土壤通报,2007,38(5):971-977
86 严连香,黄标,邵学新等.不同工业企业周围土壤-作物系统重金属Pb、Cd的空间变异及其迁移规律[J].土壤学报,2008(待刊)
87 杨景辉.土壤污染与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1995
88 杨居荣.北京地区土壤重金属容量的研究[J].环境科学学报,1984,4(2):76-79
89 杨居荣,贺建群,黄翌.农作物Cd耐性的种内和种间差异Ⅰ.种间差[J].应用生态学报,1994,5(2):192-196
90 杨居荣,贺建群,黄翌等.农作物Cd耐性的种内和种间差异Ⅱ.种内差[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(增刊):132-136
91 杨军,陈同斌,郑袁明等.北京市凉风灌区小麦重金属含量的动态变化及健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1661-1668
92 杨志敏,郑绍健,胡霭堂.不同磷水平和介质pH对玉米和小麦镉积累的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,2(1):46-50
93 岳振华,张富强,胡瑞芝等.菜园土中重金属和氟的迁移积累及蔬菜对重金属的富集作用[J].湖南农学院学报,1992,18(4):929-936
94 曾翔,张玉烛,王凯荣等.不同品种水稻糙米含镉量差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(1):67-69,83
95 张从,夏立江.污染土壤生物修复技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000
96 张金彪,黄维南.镉对植物的生理生态效应的研究进展[J].生态学报,2000,20(3):514-523
97 张敬锁,李花粉,依纯真.有机酸对水稻镉吸收的影响[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(6):278-280
98 张乃明.太原污灌区土壤重金属污染研究[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(1):21-23
99 张书海,林树生.交通干线铅污染对两侧土壤和蔬菜的影响[J].环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(3):22-28
100 张亚丽,沈其荣,姜洋.有机肥料对镉污染土壤的改良效应[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):213-218
101 赵玲,董爱平.宁波市蔬菜污染状况及防治对策[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(1):42-44
102 赵其国,周炳中,杨浩.江苏省环境质量与农业安全问题研究[J].土壤,2002,34(1):1-8
103 赵永存,黄标,孙维侠等.张家港土壤表层铜含量空间预测的不确定性评价研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(6):974-981
104 赵永存,史学正,于东升等.不同方法预测河北省土壤有机碳密度空间分布特征的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(3):379-385
105 郑春荣,孙兆海,周东美等.土壤Pb Cd污染的植物效应Ⅰ-Pb污染对水稻生长和Pb含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004a,23(3):417-421
106 郑春荣,孙兆海,周东美等.土壤Pb Cd污染的植物效应II-Cd污染对水稻生长和Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004b,23(5):872-876
107 郑绍健,胡霭堂.淹水对污染土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(2):143-147
108 郑袁明,陈同斌.“北京市土壤和蔬菜重金属污染与风险评价”取得重要进展[J].地理研究,2004,23(5):1
109 仲维功,杨杰,陈志德等.水稻品种及其器官对土壤重金属元素Pb、Cd、Hg、As积累的差异[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(4):331-338
110 周根娣,汪雅谷,卢善玲.上海市农畜产品有害物质残留调查[J].上海农业学报,1994,10(2):45-48
111 周国华,吴小勇,周建华.浙北地区土壤元素有效量及其影响因素研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):317-322
112 周建利,陈同斌.我国城郊菜地土壤和蔬菜重金属污染研究现状与展望[J].湖北农学院学报,2002,22(5):476-480
113 Anita M,Choudhuri M A.Monitoring of phytotoxicity of lead and mercury from germination and early seedling growth indices in two rice cultivars[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1999,114:339-346
114 Anthony Carpi.Methyl mercury contamination and emission to the atmosphere from soil amended with municipal sewage sludge[J].Environ Qual,1997,26(6):1650-1654
115 Arao T,Ae N,Sugiyama M et al.Genotypic differences in cadmium uptake and distribution in soybeans[J].Plant and Soil,2003,251:247-253
116 Burt R,Wilson M A,Mays M D,et al.Major and trace elements of selected pedons in the USA[J].J.Environ.Qual.,2003,32:2109-2121
117 Cheng Wangda,Zhang Guoping,Yao Haigen et al.The Difference in Growth and Four Microelement Concentrations Between Two Rice Genotypes Differing in Grain Cadmium-accumulating Capacity[J].Agficultural Science in China,2004,3(6):416-424
118 Garrett R Garrett,MacLaurin A I,Gawalko E J,et al.A prediction model for estimating the cadmium content of durum wheat from soil chemistry[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998,64:101-110
119 Hernandez L,Probst A,Probst J L,et al.Heavy metal distribution in some Fench forest soils:evidence for atmospheric contamination [J].The Science of the Total Enviroment,2003,312: 195-219
120 Huang B, Kuo S, Bembenek R. Cadmium uptake by lettuce from soil amended with phosphorus and trace element fertilizers [J].Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003,147: 109-127
121 Huang B, Kuo S, Bembenek R.Cadmium uptake by cucumber from soil amended with phosphorus fertilizers [J].Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 2003,128(4): 615-620
122 Huang B, Shi X Z, Yu D S, et al. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in peri-urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta Region, China [J].Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 2006,112: 391-402
123 Huang, B., S. Kuo, and R. Bembenek. Availability of cadmium in some phosphorus fertilizers to field-growth lettuce[J].Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2004, 158:37-51
124 Huang, B., S. Kuo. and R. Bembenek. Availability to lettuce of arsenic and lead from trace element fertilizers in soil[J].Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2005, 164: 223-239
125 Jimenez E M,Gamarra R,Carpena-Ruiz R O,et al.Mercury bioaccumulation and phytoxicity in two wild plant species of Almaden area [J].Chemosphere, 2006, 63, 1969-1973
126 Kloke A D R, Saverback.Changing Metal Cycle and Human health [J].Berlin: Springer-verlag, 1984,113 -141
127 Li Y M,Chaney R L,Schneiter A A,et al.Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower,durum wheat and flax[J].Euphytica,1997, 94: 23-30
128 Li Z W, Li L Q,Pan G X,et al.Bioavailability of Cd in a soil-rice system in China: soil type versus genotype effects [J.Plant and Soil, 2005, 271:165-173
129 Liu J G,Li K Q,Xu J K,et al.Interaction of Cd and five mineral nutrients for uptake and accumulation in different rice cultivars and genotypes[J].Field Crop Research, 2003,83: 271-281
130 Liu JG,Li KQ,Xu JK,et al.Lead toxicity,uptake,and translocation in different rice cultivars[J] .Plant Science,2003,I65:793-802
131 McLaughlin M J,Parker D R,Clarke J M.Metals and Micronutrients-food Safety Issues[J].Field Crops Research,1999,60:143-163
132 Mitch M L.Phytoextraction of toxic metals: A review of biological mechanisms [J].Journal of Environmental Quality, 2002, 31(1): 109-120
133 Morishita T,Fumoto N,Yoshizawa T,et al.Varietal differences in cadmium levels of rice grains of japonica and hybrid varieties produced in the same plot of a field [J].Soil Sci Plant Nutri,1987,33:629-37
134 P(?)yki(?) R,M(?)enp(?)(?) A,Peramaki P,et al.Heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Ni, V, Pb, Cd) in Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and assessment of human exposure in two industrial areas in the kemi-torni region, northern finland [J].Arch. Environ.Contam. Toxicol, 2005, 48: 338-343
135 Sauve S,Hendershot W,Allen H E.Solid-solution partitioning of metals in contaminated soils:dependence on pH, total metal burden, and organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2000, 34(7): 1125-1131
136 Simmons R W,Pongsakul P,Chaney R L,et al.The relative exclusion of zinc and iron from rice grain in relation to rice grain cadmium as compared to soybean: Implications for human health [J] .Plant and Soil, 2003, 257:163-170
137 Smith P., Smith J.U., Powlson D.S., et al. A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments[J]. Geoderma, 1997, 81:153- 225.
138 Taylor M D. Accumulation of cadmium derived from fertilizers in New Zealand[J].Soil Sci. Total Environ,1997,208:123-126
139 Wang C X,Mo Z,Wang H et al.The Transportation,Time-dependent Distribution of Heavy Metals in Paddy Crops[J].Chemosphere,2003,50:717-723
2 蔡保松,张国平.大、小麦对镉的吸收、运输及在籽粒中的积累[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(3):82-86
3 曹仁林,霍文瑞,何宗兰等.钙镁磷肥对土壤中镉形态转化与水稻吸镉的影响[J].重庆环境科学,1993,16(6):6-9
4 常学秀,施晓东.土壤重金属污染与食品安全[J].云南环境科学,2001,20(增刊):21-24,77
5 陈丙义,赵安芳.重金属污染土壤对农业生产的影响及其可持续利用的措施[J].平顶山工业学报,2003,12(2):31-33
6 陈怀满.土壤—植物系统中的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996,7-158
7 陈怀满,郑春荣,徐从等.中国土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策[J].人类环境杂志,1999,28(2):130-134
8 陈晓婷,王果,梁林洲等.石灰与泥炭配施抑制小白菜对重金属的吸收[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(3):392-396
9 陈英旭,朱祖祥,何增耀等.土壤中铬的有效性与污染生志效应[J].生态学杂志,1995,15(1):79-84
10 陈志良,仇荣良,张景书等.重金属污染土壤的修复技术[J].环境保护,2002,6:21-23
11 程旺大.水稻籽粒有毒重金属含量的基因型和环境效应研究[D].浙江大学博士毕业论文.2004
12 程旺大,姚海根,吴伟等.土壤-水稻体系中的重金属污染及其控制[J].中国农业科技导报,2005,7(4):51-54
13 程旺大,姚海根,张国平等.镉胁迫对水稻生长和营养代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(3):528-537
14 崔德杰,张玉龙.土壤重金属污染现状与修复技术研究进展[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3):365-370
15 崔玉静,赵中秋,刘文菊等.镉在土壤-植物-人体系统中迁移积累及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2003,23(10):2133-2143
16 丁园,宗良纲.不同土壤重金属复合污染的有效态离子冲量特征[J].环境污染与防治,2003, 25(3):173-178
17 方凤满,王起超.土壤汞污染研究进展[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(4):326-329
18 冯恭衍,张矩,吴建平.宝山区蔬菜重金属污染研究[J].上海农学院学报,1993,11(1):43-50
19 傅显华,吴启堂.不同物料对叶菜吸收镉铅的影响[J].农业环境保护,1995,14(4):145-149
20 高亮之.农业模型学基础[M].香港:天马图书有限公司,2004
21 葛才林,杨小勇,孙锦荷等.重金属胁迫引起的水稻和小麦幼苗DNA损伤[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002,28(6):419-424
22 龚伟群,潘根兴.中国水稻生产中Cd吸收及其健康风险的有关问题[J].科技导报,2006,24(5):43-48
23 顾继光,周启星,王新.土壤重金属污染的治理途径及其研究进展[J].应用基础和科学学报,2003,11(2):143-151
24 顾淑华,朱忠精,顾宗濂等.红壤性水稻土铅临界含量研究[J].农业环境保护,1989,8(3):17-22
25 关共凑,徐颂,黄金国.重金属在土壤-水稻体系中的分布、变化及迁移规律分析[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):315-318
26 韩梅,李发生,卢桂兰等.外源Cd胁迫对不同类型土壤中蔬菜生长的影响及其残留效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):213-216
27 贺建群,许嘉琳,杨居荣等.土壤中有效态Cd、Cu、zn、Pb提取剂的选择[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(6):246-251
28 胡培松.土壤有毒重金属镉毒害及低镉积累型水稻筛选与改良[J].中国稻米,2004,(2):10-12
29 黄勇,郭庆荣,任海等.珠江三角洲典型地区蔬菜重金属污染现状研究.以中山市和东莞市为例[J].生态环境,2005,14(4):559-561
30 李波,林玉锁,张孝飞等.沪宁高速公路两侧土壤和小麦重金属污染状况[J].农村生态环境,2005,21(3):50-53,70
31 李坤权,刘建国,陆小龙等.水稻不同品种对镉吸收及分配的差异[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(5):529-532
32 李丽光,何兴元,曹志强等.土壤-作物系统中铅的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):78-82
33 李瑞美,王果,方玲.钙镁磷肥与有机物料配施对作物镉铅吸收的控制效果[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(4):348-351
34 李天杰.土壤环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995
35 李湘洲.公路系统沿线作物铅累积状况的研究[J].中南林学院学报,2002,22(1):40-42
36 李正文,张艳玲,潘根兴等.不同水稻品种籽粒Cd、Cu和Se的含量差异及其人类膳食摄取风险[J].环境科学,2003,24(3):112-115
37 梁称福,陈正法,刘明月.蔬菜重金属污染研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2002,(4):45-48
38 廖敏,黄昌勇,谢正苗.施加石灰降低不同母质土壤中镉毒性机理研究[J].农业环境保护,1998,17(3):101-103
39 廖自基.环境中微量重金属元素的污染危害与迁移转化[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,75-78
40 刘建国,李坤权,张祖建等.水稻不同品种对铅吸收分配的差异及机理[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(2):291-294
41 刘俊华,王文华.土壤中汞生物有效性的研究[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(4):216-220
42 刘润堂,许建中.我国污水灌溉现状、问题及其对策[J].中国水利,2002,(10):123-125
43 刘文菊,张西科,尹君等.镉在水稻根际的生物有效性[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(3):184-187
44 刘霞,刘树庆,王胜爱.河北主要土壤中Cd和Pb的形态分布及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):393-400
45 刘秀梅,聂俊华,王庆华.Pb对农作物的生理生态效应[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(3):201-203
46 刘影.稻麦作物镉积累模型初步研究[D].南京农业大学硕士论文.2007
47 刘影,黄耀.水稻籽粒镉积累模型[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(1):4-8
48 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000,1-638
49 马瑾,万洪富,杨国义等.东莞市蔬菜重金属污染状况研究[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):319-322
50 马耀华,刘树应.环境土壤学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998,178-207
51 马志毅.城市污水回用概述[J].给水排水,1997,23(12):61-63
52 莫争,王春霞.重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd在水稻植株中的富集和分布[J].环境化学,2002,21(2):110-116
53 南忠仁,李吉均.干旱区耕作土壤中重金属镉铅剖面分布及其行为研究[J].干旱区研究,2000, 17(4):39-45
54 潘海峰,邵水松.铬渣堆存区土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境与开发,1994,9(2):268-270
55 潘逸,周立祥.施用有机物料对土壤中Cu、Cd形态及小麦吸收的影响:田间微区试验[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(2):142-146
56 尚爱国,刘玉荣,梁重山.土壤中重金属的生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤,2000,6
57 邵学新.经济高速发展地区人为作用对土壤重金属污染的影响及其生态效应研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士论文.2006
58 邵学新,黄标,顾志权等.长三角经济告诉发展地区土壤pH时空变化及其影响因素[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2006a,25(2):143-149
59 邵学新,黄标,孙维侠等.长江三角洲典型地区工业企业的分布对土壤重金属污染的影响[J].土壤学报,2006b,43(3):397-404
60 施农农,陈志伟,贾秀英.镉胁迫下水稻种子的萌芽生长及体内水解酶的活性变化[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(5):213-216
61 宋阿琳,娄运生,梁永超.不同水稻品种对铜镉的吸收与耐性研究[J].农业资源与环境科学,2006,22(9):408-411
62 万红友,周生路,赵其国等.苏南经济快速发展区土壤有效态镉含量影响因素及分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(2):213-218
63 王广林,刘登义.冶炼厂污灌区土壤-水稻系统重金属积累特征的研究[J].土壤,2005,37(3):299-303
64 王贵玲,蔺文静.污水灌溉对土壤的污染及其整治[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(2):163-166
65 王激清,刘波,苏德纯.超积累镉油菜品种的筛选[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(1):13-16
66 王凯荣,龚惠群,王久荣.栽培植物的耐镉性与镉污染土壤的农业利用[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(4):196-199
67 王凯荣,郭焱,何电源等.重金属污染对稻米品质影响的研究[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(6):254-257
68 王丽凤,白俊贵.沈阳市蔬菜污染调查及防治途径研究[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(2):84-88
69 王庆仁,刘秀梅,崖岩山等.我国几个工矿与污灌区土壤重金属污染状况及原因探讨[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3):354-358
70 王玉纵,张金彪,苏年华.福建耕地土壤重金属污染的生态效应[J].福建农业大学学报,1996,25(4):461-466
71 王祖伟,李宗梅,王景刚等.天津污灌区土壤重金属含量与理化性质对小麦吸收重金属的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1406-1410
72 吴启堂,陈卢.水稻不同品种对Cd吸收积累的差异和机理研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):104-107
73 吴燕玉,王新.重金属复合污染对土壤—植物系统的生态效应.Ⅰ,对作物、微生物、苜蓿、树木的影响[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(2):207-212
74 吴燕玉,王新,梁仁禄等.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染在农田生态系统的迁移动态研究[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(4):407-414.
75 吴燕玉,余国营.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染对水稻的影响[J].农业环境保护,1998,17(2):49-54
76 夏汉平.土壤-植物系统中的镉研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,1997,3(3):289-298
77 夏立江,王宏康.土壤污染及其防治[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2001
78 夏增禄.土壤环境容量研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1986,81-85
79 夏增禄.土壤环境容量及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1988,95-97
80 夏增禄,蔡士悦,许嘉琳.中国土壤环境容量[M].北京:地震出版社,1992
81 谢建治,刘树庆,刘玉柱等.保定市郊土壤重金属污染对蔬菜营养品质的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(4):325-327
82 谢正苗,李静,徐建明等.杭州市郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中Pb、Zn和Cu含量的环境质量评价[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):742-747
83 许嘉琳.砷污染土壤的作物效应及其影响因素[J].土壤,1996,28(2):85-89
84 许炼烽,郝兴仁,冯显湘.城市蔬菜的重金属污染及其对策[J].生态科学,2000,19(1):80-85
85 严连香,黄标,邵学新等.长江三角洲典型地区土壤有效铜和锌的时空变化及其影响因素研究[J].土壤通报,2007,38(5):971-977
86 严连香,黄标,邵学新等.不同工业企业周围土壤-作物系统重金属Pb、Cd的空间变异及其迁移规律[J].土壤学报,2008(待刊)
87 杨景辉.土壤污染与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1995
88 杨居荣.北京地区土壤重金属容量的研究[J].环境科学学报,1984,4(2):76-79
89 杨居荣,贺建群,黄翌.农作物Cd耐性的种内和种间差异Ⅰ.种间差[J].应用生态学报,1994,5(2):192-196
90 杨居荣,贺建群,黄翌等.农作物Cd耐性的种内和种间差异Ⅱ.种内差[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(增刊):132-136
91 杨军,陈同斌,郑袁明等.北京市凉风灌区小麦重金属含量的动态变化及健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1661-1668
92 杨志敏,郑绍健,胡霭堂.不同磷水平和介质pH对玉米和小麦镉积累的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,2(1):46-50
93 岳振华,张富强,胡瑞芝等.菜园土中重金属和氟的迁移积累及蔬菜对重金属的富集作用[J].湖南农学院学报,1992,18(4):929-936
94 曾翔,张玉烛,王凯荣等.不同品种水稻糙米含镉量差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(1):67-69,83
95 张从,夏立江.污染土壤生物修复技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000
96 张金彪,黄维南.镉对植物的生理生态效应的研究进展[J].生态学报,2000,20(3):514-523
97 张敬锁,李花粉,依纯真.有机酸对水稻镉吸收的影响[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(6):278-280
98 张乃明.太原污灌区土壤重金属污染研究[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(1):21-23
99 张书海,林树生.交通干线铅污染对两侧土壤和蔬菜的影响[J].环境监测管理与技术,2000,12(3):22-28
100 张亚丽,沈其荣,姜洋.有机肥料对镉污染土壤的改良效应[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):213-218
101 赵玲,董爱平.宁波市蔬菜污染状况及防治对策[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(1):42-44
102 赵其国,周炳中,杨浩.江苏省环境质量与农业安全问题研究[J].土壤,2002,34(1):1-8
103 赵永存,黄标,孙维侠等.张家港土壤表层铜含量空间预测的不确定性评价研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(6):974-981
104 赵永存,史学正,于东升等.不同方法预测河北省土壤有机碳密度空间分布特征的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(3):379-385
105 郑春荣,孙兆海,周东美等.土壤Pb Cd污染的植物效应Ⅰ-Pb污染对水稻生长和Pb含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004a,23(3):417-421
106 郑春荣,孙兆海,周东美等.土壤Pb Cd污染的植物效应II-Cd污染对水稻生长和Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004b,23(5):872-876
107 郑绍健,胡霭堂.淹水对污染土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(2):143-147
108 郑袁明,陈同斌.“北京市土壤和蔬菜重金属污染与风险评价”取得重要进展[J].地理研究,2004,23(5):1
109 仲维功,杨杰,陈志德等.水稻品种及其器官对土壤重金属元素Pb、Cd、Hg、As积累的差异[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(4):331-338
110 周根娣,汪雅谷,卢善玲.上海市农畜产品有害物质残留调查[J].上海农业学报,1994,10(2):45-48
111 周国华,吴小勇,周建华.浙北地区土壤元素有效量及其影响因素研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(3):317-322
112 周建利,陈同斌.我国城郊菜地土壤和蔬菜重金属污染研究现状与展望[J].湖北农学院学报,2002,22(5):476-480
113 Anita M,Choudhuri M A.Monitoring of phytotoxicity of lead and mercury from germination and early seedling growth indices in two rice cultivars[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1999,114:339-346
114 Anthony Carpi.Methyl mercury contamination and emission to the atmosphere from soil amended with municipal sewage sludge[J].Environ Qual,1997,26(6):1650-1654
115 Arao T,Ae N,Sugiyama M et al.Genotypic differences in cadmium uptake and distribution in soybeans[J].Plant and Soil,2003,251:247-253
116 Burt R,Wilson M A,Mays M D,et al.Major and trace elements of selected pedons in the USA[J].J.Environ.Qual.,2003,32:2109-2121
117 Cheng Wangda,Zhang Guoping,Yao Haigen et al.The Difference in Growth and Four Microelement Concentrations Between Two Rice Genotypes Differing in Grain Cadmium-accumulating Capacity[J].Agficultural Science in China,2004,3(6):416-424
118 Garrett R Garrett,MacLaurin A I,Gawalko E J,et al.A prediction model for estimating the cadmium content of durum wheat from soil chemistry[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998,64:101-110
119 Hernandez L,Probst A,Probst J L,et al.Heavy metal distribution in some Fench forest soils:evidence for atmospheric contamination [J].The Science of the Total Enviroment,2003,312: 195-219
120 Huang B, Kuo S, Bembenek R. Cadmium uptake by lettuce from soil amended with phosphorus and trace element fertilizers [J].Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003,147: 109-127
121 Huang B, Kuo S, Bembenek R.Cadmium uptake by cucumber from soil amended with phosphorus fertilizers [J].Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 2003,128(4): 615-620
122 Huang B, Shi X Z, Yu D S, et al. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in peri-urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta Region, China [J].Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 2006,112: 391-402
123 Huang, B., S. Kuo, and R. Bembenek. Availability of cadmium in some phosphorus fertilizers to field-growth lettuce[J].Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2004, 158:37-51
124 Huang, B., S. Kuo. and R. Bembenek. Availability to lettuce of arsenic and lead from trace element fertilizers in soil[J].Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2005, 164: 223-239
125 Jimenez E M,Gamarra R,Carpena-Ruiz R O,et al.Mercury bioaccumulation and phytoxicity in two wild plant species of Almaden area [J].Chemosphere, 2006, 63, 1969-1973
126 Kloke A D R, Saverback.Changing Metal Cycle and Human health [J].Berlin: Springer-verlag, 1984,113 -141
127 Li Y M,Chaney R L,Schneiter A A,et al.Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower,durum wheat and flax[J].Euphytica,1997, 94: 23-30
128 Li Z W, Li L Q,Pan G X,et al.Bioavailability of Cd in a soil-rice system in China: soil type versus genotype effects [J.Plant and Soil, 2005, 271:165-173
129 Liu J G,Li K Q,Xu J K,et al.Interaction of Cd and five mineral nutrients for uptake and accumulation in different rice cultivars and genotypes[J].Field Crop Research, 2003,83: 271-281
130 Liu JG,Li KQ,Xu JK,et al.Lead toxicity,uptake,and translocation in different rice cultivars[J] .Plant Science,2003,I65:793-802
131 McLaughlin M J,Parker D R,Clarke J M.Metals and Micronutrients-food Safety Issues[J].Field Crops Research,1999,60:143-163
132 Mitch M L.Phytoextraction of toxic metals: A review of biological mechanisms [J].Journal of Environmental Quality, 2002, 31(1): 109-120
133 Morishita T,Fumoto N,Yoshizawa T,et al.Varietal differences in cadmium levels of rice grains of japonica and hybrid varieties produced in the same plot of a field [J].Soil Sci Plant Nutri,1987,33:629-37
134 P(?)yki(?) R,M(?)enp(?)(?) A,Peramaki P,et al.Heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Ni, V, Pb, Cd) in Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and assessment of human exposure in two industrial areas in the kemi-torni region, northern finland [J].Arch. Environ.Contam. Toxicol, 2005, 48: 338-343
135 Sauve S,Hendershot W,Allen H E.Solid-solution partitioning of metals in contaminated soils:dependence on pH, total metal burden, and organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2000, 34(7): 1125-1131
136 Simmons R W,Pongsakul P,Chaney R L,et al.The relative exclusion of zinc and iron from rice grain in relation to rice grain cadmium as compared to soybean: Implications for human health [J] .Plant and Soil, 2003, 257:163-170
137 Smith P., Smith J.U., Powlson D.S., et al. A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments[J]. Geoderma, 1997, 81:153- 225.
138 Taylor M D. Accumulation of cadmium derived from fertilizers in New Zealand[J].Soil Sci. Total Environ,1997,208:123-126
139 Wang C X,Mo Z,Wang H et al.The Transportation,Time-dependent Distribution of Heavy Metals in Paddy Crops[J].Chemosphere,2003,50:717-723