基于GPS定位的微型轨迹记录仪的研制
摘要
GPS的发展给导航领域带来了深刻的变化。全球范围内无数用户依赖它来为自己提供精确的经纬度、时间和速度信息。特别是近年来,随着嵌入式技术的跟进,嵌入式处理器的体积越来越小、性能越来越强、功能也越来越多,价格也越来越低,基于嵌入式平台的GPS技术也随之被应用到更宽更广的领域,如移动轨迹的记录、车辆导航、跟踪等各个方面。GPS的电子产品已经深入到人们的日常生活中。
市面上用于轨迹记录的GPS产品,大多依附在手机或是平板电脑,定位精度不高,灵敏度方面也显不足,而且使用手机费电也非常大。而专业的GPS轨迹记录仪尺寸还是比较大,容量不足,不利于长时间工作,而且电池续航也是个问题。所以就需要开发一款集尺寸、定位精度、灵敏度、续航、功耗、大容量存储且操作简便于一身的GPS微型轨迹记录仪。
论文源自于企业的需求,研发一个微型轨迹记录仪,用于特定人员、特定车辆轨迹的记录与回放。此微型轨迹记录仪采用STM32为微控制器,选用目前全球最小的芯片UC430为GPS接收机。经过大量的工作,实现了GPS数据的解析处理,并成功地写入到了SD卡里面。将SD卡中的txt格式的文件通过专门的工具转化为Google earth格式之后,所采集的数据在Google earth上成功地展现了出来。在这个基础上,专业人员就可以开展诸如轨迹回放、疑点数据分析等相关有意义的工作。
The development of the GPS has brought profound changes into navigation field. Countless users worldwide rely on it to achieve accurate longitude and latitude, time and speed information. Especially in recent years, with the development of the embedded technology, the volume of the embedded processor is getting smaller and smaller, the performance is getting stronger and stronger, the function is getting more and more multitudinous, the price is getting lower and lower.
In this situation, GPS technology based on embedded platform also will be applied to wider and broader areas, such as the moving route record, vehicle navigation, tracking and so on. The GPS electronic products have been deeply into people's daily lives.
The research supports the enterprise demand. GPS-Based Micro Route-recorder is just required. The Micro Route-recorder will be used to track suspicious persons with the potential danger to the national security.
GPS products for the track record available in the market are mostly attached to the phones or tablet computers. These products are inadequate on positioning accuracy and also sensitivity. And using mobile phone will consume large electricity. Meanwhile, professional GPS Route-recorder is relatively a little larger in the size, lack of capacity, most important of all, is not conducive to do long working hours, so the battery life is also a problem. In conclusion, the research focus on a new product, which is set of size, positioning accuracy, sensitivity, endurance, power consumption, large capacity storage and easy to operate.
For Micro Route-recorder, STM32is used to be as microcontroller, UC430, the world's smallest chip, as GPS receiver. By the Route-recorder, the parsed data is successfully written into the SD card. After the file format is converted from SD card to Google earth, the recorded route is clearly displayed on Google earth. Based on this, some meaningful work such as route playback, suspect data analysis and so on can be carried out.
市面上用于轨迹记录的GPS产品,大多依附在手机或是平板电脑,定位精度不高,灵敏度方面也显不足,而且使用手机费电也非常大。而专业的GPS轨迹记录仪尺寸还是比较大,容量不足,不利于长时间工作,而且电池续航也是个问题。所以就需要开发一款集尺寸、定位精度、灵敏度、续航、功耗、大容量存储且操作简便于一身的GPS微型轨迹记录仪。
论文源自于企业的需求,研发一个微型轨迹记录仪,用于特定人员、特定车辆轨迹的记录与回放。此微型轨迹记录仪采用STM32为微控制器,选用目前全球最小的芯片UC430为GPS接收机。经过大量的工作,实现了GPS数据的解析处理,并成功地写入到了SD卡里面。将SD卡中的txt格式的文件通过专门的工具转化为Google earth格式之后,所采集的数据在Google earth上成功地展现了出来。在这个基础上,专业人员就可以开展诸如轨迹回放、疑点数据分析等相关有意义的工作。
The development of the GPS has brought profound changes into navigation field. Countless users worldwide rely on it to achieve accurate longitude and latitude, time and speed information. Especially in recent years, with the development of the embedded technology, the volume of the embedded processor is getting smaller and smaller, the performance is getting stronger and stronger, the function is getting more and more multitudinous, the price is getting lower and lower.
In this situation, GPS technology based on embedded platform also will be applied to wider and broader areas, such as the moving route record, vehicle navigation, tracking and so on. The GPS electronic products have been deeply into people's daily lives.
The research supports the enterprise demand. GPS-Based Micro Route-recorder is just required. The Micro Route-recorder will be used to track suspicious persons with the potential danger to the national security.
GPS products for the track record available in the market are mostly attached to the phones or tablet computers. These products are inadequate on positioning accuracy and also sensitivity. And using mobile phone will consume large electricity. Meanwhile, professional GPS Route-recorder is relatively a little larger in the size, lack of capacity, most important of all, is not conducive to do long working hours, so the battery life is also a problem. In conclusion, the research focus on a new product, which is set of size, positioning accuracy, sensitivity, endurance, power consumption, large capacity storage and easy to operate.
For Micro Route-recorder, STM32is used to be as microcontroller, UC430, the world's smallest chip, as GPS receiver. By the Route-recorder, the parsed data is successfully written into the SD card. After the file format is converted from SD card to Google earth, the recorded route is clearly displayed on Google earth. Based on this, some meaningful work such as route playback, suspect data analysis and so on can be carried out.
引文
[1]皮亦鸣,曹宗杰,闵锐.卫星导航原理和系统[M].电子科技大学出版社,2011,4-6.
[2]文援兰等,卫星导航系统分析与仿真技术[D].中国宇航出版社,2009,9-16
[3]喻金钱,喻斌.STM32系统ARM Cortex-M3核微控制器开发与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2011,356-378
[4]严红萍.基于GPS/GIS车载定位与导航系统相关技术的研究[D].河海大学,2006,258-262
[5]付国庆.3S系统中的地图匹配方法研究[D].上海交通大学,2008.
[6]谭菊.土地利用现状调查移动终端软件研究[D].中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2009.
[7]雷勇.GPS技术在贵州亚行项目地籍测绘中的应用研究[D].中国地质大学(武汉),2007.
[8]贺加贝.移动通信基站与线路自动巡检方法研究与实现[D].中南大学,2009.
[9]刘洲.基于GPS的便携式汽车性能检测仪的研制[D].西华大学,2011.
[10]李建刚.基于GPRS的车辆监控管理信息系统研究[D].南京理工大学,2008.
[11]赵凯绅.汽车道路试验数据误差分析与处理[D].西华大学,2010.
[12]沈振华.基于GPS/RFID的物流运输系统的构建与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2010.
[13]李沛.车辆导航系统中地图匹配的研究[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[14]解丹.基于C/S架构的车辆远程监控系统的设计与实现[D].华中科技大学,2011.
[15]杨青青,祖静,尤文斌等.嵌入式GPS轨迹记录仪[J].电子测试,2011,(1)：91-94.
[16]周剑敏.蓝牙GPS轨迹记录和测距功能[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2007,(12)：5-9.
[17]周章伦,禹卫东.基于GPS和DirectDraw的SAR运动轨迹记录技术研究[J].国外电子测量技术,2010,29(6)：39-41,61.
[18]金玉.基于Google Earth的GPS导航系统设计[J].硅谷,2011,(17)：56-57.
[19]Lewandowski, W.; Azoubib, J.; Klepczynski, W.J.;, "GPS:primary tool for time transfer," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.87, no.1, pp.163-172, Jan 1999
[20]潘可贤.智能手机个人位置服务LBS业务的应用开发[J].信息技术,2009,(10)：134-137.
[21]刘慷.GPS导航产业的并购浪潮[J].软件工程师,2009,(5)53-55.
[22]齐文达.基于SD卡的GPS轨迹记录仪研究设计[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(28)：6910-6914.
[23]van Diggelen, F.;, "Indoor GPS theory & implementation," Position Location and Navigation Symposium,2002 IEEE, vol., no., pp.240-247,2002
[24]毛怿奇,张海峰,方旭昌等.基于AVR的GPS轨迹记录系统[J].电子测量技术,2012,35(7)：78-80,87.
[25]万园,程雄,白钢等.基于GIS、GPS与GPRS结合的物流管理系统设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2006,31(4)：67-69.
[26]彭嵩,肖建秋,马青芳等.基于GPS的计算机图像跟踪摄取系统的研究与设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2008,16(8)：1187-1189.
[27]蔡亮.一种GPS车辆监控系统定位数据处理算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2008,22(z1)：334-338.
[28]Ershen Wang; Shufang Zhang Zhixian Zhang;, "Research on the Incomplete Constellation GPS Positioning Algorithm by a Combined Altitude and Clock Bias Model,"Information Engineering (ICIE),2010 WASE International Conference on, voL2, no., pp.219-222,14-15 Aug.2010
[29]郑荣良,李桂阳.基于GPS接收机的车辆运行路线记录仪[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2008,35(4).80-82,84.
[30]裘海雅,施炜纲.基于MapX的渔船导航系统的研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(6):55-60.
[31]Nielson, J.; Keefer, J.; McCullough, B.;, "SAASM:Rockwell Collins' next generation GPS receiver design," Position Location and Navigation Symposium, IEEE 2000, voL, no., pp.98-105,2000
[32]马志.GPS和GPRS在粮食物流监测系统中的应用[J].粮食加工,2010,35(3):77-79.
[33]李学宝,胡长明.基于GPS的检衡车运行信息监控系统探讨[J].铁道技术监督,2008,36(7)：25-27.
[34]Drawil, N.; Amar, H.; Basir, O.;, "A solution to the ill-conditioned GPS accuracy classification problem:Context based classifier," GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps),2011 IEEE, vol., no., pp.1077-1082,5-9 Dec.2011
[35]张治华.基于GPS轨迹的出行信息提取研究[D].华东师范大学,2010.
[36]陈锁柱.基于Google Android平台移动轨迹记录系统的研究与应用[D].内蒙古大学,2011.
[37]Zahaby, M.; Gaonjur, P.; Farajian, S.;, "Location tracking in GPS using Kalman Filter through SMS," EUROCON 2009, EUROCON'09. IEEE, vol., no., pp.1707-1711,18-23 May 2009
[38]邓盈.多功能GPS导航记录系统的研制[D].北京邮电大学,2009.
[39]孟维国.事故车辆轨迹复现系统的研究[D].苏州大学,2007.
[40]Lopez, A.R.;, "GPS Landing System Reference Antenna," Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE,vol.52, no.l, pp.104-113,Feb.2010.
[41]Chandra, A.; Jain, S.; Qadeer, M.A.;, "GPS Locator:An Application for Location Tracking and Sharing Using GPS for Java Enabled Handhelds," Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN),2011 International Conference on, vol., no., pp.406-410,7-9 Oct.2011
[42]周章伦.合成孔径雷达图像回放及运动轨迹记录技术研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2010.
[43]袁建东.基于Google Earth的车载GPS导航定位的设计与实现[D].西安科技大学,2009.
[44]Iyidir, B.,Ozkazanc, Y.;, "Jamming of GPS receivers," Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference,2004. Proceedings of the IEEE 12th, vol., no., pp.747-750,28-30 April 2004
[45]张智刚.插秧机的DGPS自动导航控制系统研究[D].华南农业大学,2006.
[46]朱勇.GPS车辆监控指挥系统关键技术的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2010.
[47]Filjar, R.; Kos, T.; Cicin, V.;, "GPS positioning performance in the wake of the Halloween 2003 geomagnetic storm," ELMAR,2008.50th International Symposium, voL2, no., pp.385-388,10-12 Sept.2008
[48]Jefferson, D.C.; Lichten, S.M.; Young, L.E.;, "A test of precision GPS clock synchronization," Frequency Control Symposium,1996.50th., Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International., vol., no., pp.1206-1210,5-7 Jun 1996
[2]文援兰等,卫星导航系统分析与仿真技术[D].中国宇航出版社,2009,9-16
[3]喻金钱,喻斌.STM32系统ARM Cortex-M3核微控制器开发与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2011,356-378
[4]严红萍.基于GPS/GIS车载定位与导航系统相关技术的研究[D].河海大学,2006,258-262
[5]付国庆.3S系统中的地图匹配方法研究[D].上海交通大学,2008.
[6]谭菊.土地利用现状调查移动终端软件研究[D].中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2009.
[7]雷勇.GPS技术在贵州亚行项目地籍测绘中的应用研究[D].中国地质大学(武汉),2007.
[8]贺加贝.移动通信基站与线路自动巡检方法研究与实现[D].中南大学,2009.
[9]刘洲.基于GPS的便携式汽车性能检测仪的研制[D].西华大学,2011.
[10]李建刚.基于GPRS的车辆监控管理信息系统研究[D].南京理工大学,2008.
[11]赵凯绅.汽车道路试验数据误差分析与处理[D].西华大学,2010.
[12]沈振华.基于GPS/RFID的物流运输系统的构建与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2010.
[13]李沛.车辆导航系统中地图匹配的研究[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[14]解丹.基于C/S架构的车辆远程监控系统的设计与实现[D].华中科技大学,2011.
[15]杨青青,祖静,尤文斌等.嵌入式GPS轨迹记录仪[J].电子测试,2011,(1)：91-94.
[16]周剑敏.蓝牙GPS轨迹记录和测距功能[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2007,(12)：5-9.
[17]周章伦,禹卫东.基于GPS和DirectDraw的SAR运动轨迹记录技术研究[J].国外电子测量技术,2010,29(6)：39-41,61.
[18]金玉.基于Google Earth的GPS导航系统设计[J].硅谷,2011,(17)：56-57.
[19]Lewandowski, W.; Azoubib, J.; Klepczynski, W.J.;, "GPS:primary tool for time transfer," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.87, no.1, pp.163-172, Jan 1999
[20]潘可贤.智能手机个人位置服务LBS业务的应用开发[J].信息技术,2009,(10)：134-137.
[21]刘慷.GPS导航产业的并购浪潮[J].软件工程师,2009,(5)53-55.
[22]齐文达.基于SD卡的GPS轨迹记录仪研究设计[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(28)：6910-6914.
[23]van Diggelen, F.;, "Indoor GPS theory & implementation," Position Location and Navigation Symposium,2002 IEEE, vol., no., pp.240-247,2002
[24]毛怿奇,张海峰,方旭昌等.基于AVR的GPS轨迹记录系统[J].电子测量技术,2012,35(7)：78-80,87.
[25]万园,程雄,白钢等.基于GIS、GPS与GPRS结合的物流管理系统设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2006,31(4)：67-69.
[26]彭嵩,肖建秋,马青芳等.基于GPS的计算机图像跟踪摄取系统的研究与设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2008,16(8)：1187-1189.
[27]蔡亮.一种GPS车辆监控系统定位数据处理算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2008,22(z1)：334-338.
[28]Ershen Wang; Shufang Zhang Zhixian Zhang;, "Research on the Incomplete Constellation GPS Positioning Algorithm by a Combined Altitude and Clock Bias Model,"Information Engineering (ICIE),2010 WASE International Conference on, voL2, no., pp.219-222,14-15 Aug.2010
[29]郑荣良,李桂阳.基于GPS接收机的车辆运行路线记录仪[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2008,35(4).80-82,84.
[30]裘海雅,施炜纲.基于MapX的渔船导航系统的研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(6):55-60.
[31]Nielson, J.; Keefer, J.; McCullough, B.;, "SAASM:Rockwell Collins' next generation GPS receiver design," Position Location and Navigation Symposium, IEEE 2000, voL, no., pp.98-105,2000
[32]马志.GPS和GPRS在粮食物流监测系统中的应用[J].粮食加工,2010,35(3):77-79.
[33]李学宝,胡长明.基于GPS的检衡车运行信息监控系统探讨[J].铁道技术监督,2008,36(7)：25-27.
[34]Drawil, N.; Amar, H.; Basir, O.;, "A solution to the ill-conditioned GPS accuracy classification problem:Context based classifier," GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps),2011 IEEE, vol., no., pp.1077-1082,5-9 Dec.2011
[35]张治华.基于GPS轨迹的出行信息提取研究[D].华东师范大学,2010.
[36]陈锁柱.基于Google Android平台移动轨迹记录系统的研究与应用[D].内蒙古大学,2011.
[37]Zahaby, M.; Gaonjur, P.; Farajian, S.;, "Location tracking in GPS using Kalman Filter through SMS," EUROCON 2009, EUROCON'09. IEEE, vol., no., pp.1707-1711,18-23 May 2009
[38]邓盈.多功能GPS导航记录系统的研制[D].北京邮电大学,2009.
[39]孟维国.事故车辆轨迹复现系统的研究[D].苏州大学,2007.
[40]Lopez, A.R.;, "GPS Landing System Reference Antenna," Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE,vol.52, no.l, pp.104-113,Feb.2010.
[41]Chandra, A.; Jain, S.; Qadeer, M.A.;, "GPS Locator:An Application for Location Tracking and Sharing Using GPS for Java Enabled Handhelds," Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN),2011 International Conference on, vol., no., pp.406-410,7-9 Oct.2011
[42]周章伦.合成孔径雷达图像回放及运动轨迹记录技术研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2010.
[43]袁建东.基于Google Earth的车载GPS导航定位的设计与实现[D].西安科技大学,2009.
[44]Iyidir, B.,Ozkazanc, Y.;, "Jamming of GPS receivers," Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference,2004. Proceedings of the IEEE 12th, vol., no., pp.747-750,28-30 April 2004
[45]张智刚.插秧机的DGPS自动导航控制系统研究[D].华南农业大学,2006.
[46]朱勇.GPS车辆监控指挥系统关键技术的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2010.
[47]Filjar, R.; Kos, T.; Cicin, V.;, "GPS positioning performance in the wake of the Halloween 2003 geomagnetic storm," ELMAR,2008.50th International Symposium, voL2, no., pp.385-388,10-12 Sept.2008
[48]Jefferson, D.C.; Lichten, S.M.; Young, L.E.;, "A test of precision GPS clock synchronization," Frequency Control Symposium,1996.50th., Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International., vol., no., pp.1206-1210,5-7 Jun 1996