（Q，R）补货及产品替代下的供应链库存模型研究
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摘要
供应链上企业间的关系是一种竞争合作关系,对其研究是有十分重要的理论与实际意义。本文重点在(Q,R)这种重要的补货方式及产品可替代的情况下深入探讨了基于竞争与合作的供应链库存决策模型。
考虑了供应商的供给波动对零售商提前期的影响,假定供应商的缺货量和零售商的订货提前期的关系而构建了一个随机型的库存模型。通过分析模型可知供应商的缺货量和零售商的提前期的关系直接导致供应商的安全因子和供应商自身的订货提前期都影响着零售商的库存决策及库存成本。并比较了双方在分散决策与合作决策的情形下的最优安全因子模型。
在一个单供应商供应单零售商的库存模型中研究了零售商的订货提前期的缩短问题。针对零售商的提前期被供应商所控制且供应商缩短零售商的提前期需付出成本代价这种情形,建立了供应商和零售商的库存模型,分析了零售商和供应商之间的两种库存管理方式——供需协调管理库存和供需独立管理库存,并给出了模型的求解算法和步骤。
在一个提前期固定、包括单供应商和单零售商的库存模型中分析了供应链分别在传统的库存决策下和采用VMI协调机制下的差异。和传统的库存决策相比,在一定的条件下VMI系统可能降低产品的零售价,并减少供应商的利润,但增加了零售商和整个供应链的利润;然而当这种条件不成立时,VMI系统将导致产品零售价更高,并必然使供应商的利润降低,甚至可能降低零售商和整个供应链的利润。文章还分析了在两种策略下分别采用总量折扣的协调机制后的情况,对模型进行了进一步的优化。
分析了供应链环境下替代产品的问题,给出了一个关于替代产品问题的模型。模型假设两个零售商销售同一产品并具有替代性。针对两个零售商的这种关系,给出了三种不同的库存决策模型并进行了相应的求解。最后对模型进行了实际算例分析,比较了两个决策者不同合作模式下的订货策略,也对一些重要参数做了敏感性分析。
考虑了产品替代问题下的两条供应链间博弈的库存问题。针对两条竞争的供应链供应不同品牌但功能相近而具有相互替代性的产品的情形建立了模型。分析了当两条供应链分别在三种情形(即两条供应链都实行RMI系统、两条供应链分别实行RMI系统和VMI系统及两条供应链都实行VMI系统)下产品替代率对两条供应链的订货决策及链上成员的利润的影响。并比较了三种情形间各条供应链的价格参数和成本参数带给两条供应链的库存决策的变化及对链上各个成员的利润的影响。
The relationship between supply chain enterprises is co-opetitive. It is very significant to study this kind of co-opetition relationship. This paper focuses on the (Q, R) replenishment strategy and substitutable product and detailedly studies inventory decision model of supply chain basing on co-opetition relationship.
The impact of supply shake of supplier on the leadtime of retailer is considered. A stochastic inventory model is introduced when assuming the relation between the stockout quantity of supplier and the leadtime of retailer. The analysis shows the relation results in that the safety factor and leadtime of supplier have obvious effect on inventory decision and cost of retailer. The optimal safety factor models under decentralized and centralized decision are compared.
Retailer’s lead time reduction problem is dealt with in a single-vendor single-buyer inventory model. We consider the case that the buyer’s lead time can be shortened by increasing planned vendor’s order processing expenditure which is under the control of the vendor. Two models are formulated in this study. An iterative procedure is developed to find the optimal solution and numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the superiority of integrated inventory management.
A model including a single-vendor single-buyer with fixed leadtime is presented. The performance of VMI is compared with the performance of traditional inventory policy. We find that under a certain cost condition, although VMI likely reduces the vendor’s profit, it, compared with traditional inventory policy, will decrease retail price and consequently bring higher expected profit level for the buyer and the whole supply chain. However, if the cost condition is not satisfied, VMI will result in higher retail price, necessarily lead a lower expected profit for vendor and not necessarily lead to a higher expected profit for the buyer or the whole supply chain.
This problem of substitution product is analyzed. An inventory model on substitution product is introduced. This model assumes two retailers supply the same product that can be substitutable each other. For this relationship between two retailers, three different stocking decisions are given and solved. A practical numerical analysis is presented and quantifies the differences. The sensitivity analysis on some important parameter is given.
An inventory problem on substitution product considers game between two supply chains. The detailed case is the two kind of product which the two supply chains respectively provide have the same function so that they can be substitutable each other. The impacts of substitution rate and price parameter and cost parameter on order decision and every member’s profit of the two supply chain is analyzed and compared on three kinds of condition (namely, RMI for both brands, RMI for one brand and VMI for the other, VMI for both brands).
考虑了供应商的供给波动对零售商提前期的影响,假定供应商的缺货量和零售商的订货提前期的关系而构建了一个随机型的库存模型。通过分析模型可知供应商的缺货量和零售商的提前期的关系直接导致供应商的安全因子和供应商自身的订货提前期都影响着零售商的库存决策及库存成本。并比较了双方在分散决策与合作决策的情形下的最优安全因子模型。
在一个单供应商供应单零售商的库存模型中研究了零售商的订货提前期的缩短问题。针对零售商的提前期被供应商所控制且供应商缩短零售商的提前期需付出成本代价这种情形,建立了供应商和零售商的库存模型,分析了零售商和供应商之间的两种库存管理方式——供需协调管理库存和供需独立管理库存,并给出了模型的求解算法和步骤。
在一个提前期固定、包括单供应商和单零售商的库存模型中分析了供应链分别在传统的库存决策下和采用VMI协调机制下的差异。和传统的库存决策相比,在一定的条件下VMI系统可能降低产品的零售价,并减少供应商的利润,但增加了零售商和整个供应链的利润;然而当这种条件不成立时,VMI系统将导致产品零售价更高,并必然使供应商的利润降低,甚至可能降低零售商和整个供应链的利润。文章还分析了在两种策略下分别采用总量折扣的协调机制后的情况,对模型进行了进一步的优化。
分析了供应链环境下替代产品的问题,给出了一个关于替代产品问题的模型。模型假设两个零售商销售同一产品并具有替代性。针对两个零售商的这种关系,给出了三种不同的库存决策模型并进行了相应的求解。最后对模型进行了实际算例分析,比较了两个决策者不同合作模式下的订货策略,也对一些重要参数做了敏感性分析。
考虑了产品替代问题下的两条供应链间博弈的库存问题。针对两条竞争的供应链供应不同品牌但功能相近而具有相互替代性的产品的情形建立了模型。分析了当两条供应链分别在三种情形(即两条供应链都实行RMI系统、两条供应链分别实行RMI系统和VMI系统及两条供应链都实行VMI系统)下产品替代率对两条供应链的订货决策及链上成员的利润的影响。并比较了三种情形间各条供应链的价格参数和成本参数带给两条供应链的库存决策的变化及对链上各个成员的利润的影响。
The relationship between supply chain enterprises is co-opetitive. It is very significant to study this kind of co-opetition relationship. This paper focuses on the (Q, R) replenishment strategy and substitutable product and detailedly studies inventory decision model of supply chain basing on co-opetition relationship.
The impact of supply shake of supplier on the leadtime of retailer is considered. A stochastic inventory model is introduced when assuming the relation between the stockout quantity of supplier and the leadtime of retailer. The analysis shows the relation results in that the safety factor and leadtime of supplier have obvious effect on inventory decision and cost of retailer. The optimal safety factor models under decentralized and centralized decision are compared.
Retailer’s lead time reduction problem is dealt with in a single-vendor single-buyer inventory model. We consider the case that the buyer’s lead time can be shortened by increasing planned vendor’s order processing expenditure which is under the control of the vendor. Two models are formulated in this study. An iterative procedure is developed to find the optimal solution and numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the superiority of integrated inventory management.
A model including a single-vendor single-buyer with fixed leadtime is presented. The performance of VMI is compared with the performance of traditional inventory policy. We find that under a certain cost condition, although VMI likely reduces the vendor’s profit, it, compared with traditional inventory policy, will decrease retail price and consequently bring higher expected profit level for the buyer and the whole supply chain. However, if the cost condition is not satisfied, VMI will result in higher retail price, necessarily lead a lower expected profit for vendor and not necessarily lead to a higher expected profit for the buyer or the whole supply chain.
This problem of substitution product is analyzed. An inventory model on substitution product is introduced. This model assumes two retailers supply the same product that can be substitutable each other. For this relationship between two retailers, three different stocking decisions are given and solved. A practical numerical analysis is presented and quantifies the differences. The sensitivity analysis on some important parameter is given.
An inventory problem on substitution product considers game between two supply chains. The detailed case is the two kind of product which the two supply chains respectively provide have the same function so that they can be substitutable each other. The impacts of substitution rate and price parameter and cost parameter on order decision and every member’s profit of the two supply chain is analyzed and compared on three kinds of condition (namely, RMI for both brands, RMI for one brand and VMI for the other, VMI for both brands).
引文
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