基于GIS的沿运灌区水系生态服务价值评估
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摘要
平原河网地区土地肥沃,人口稠密,工农业经济发达。河网水体作为平原河网地区一种特殊生态资源,不仅提供了人类生活和生产活动的基础资源,还具有维持自然生态系统结构、生态过程与区域生态环境等功能。随着经济增长以及人们生态保护意识的欠缺,平原河网水系生态系统服务功能严重衰退。为科学评估平原河网水系生态系统实际状况,迫切需要开展生态系统服务价值研究。
本文以生态服务价值评估理论为基础,参考国内外河流生态系统服务价值评估的现有成果,结合平原河网自身特点,建立了平原河网水系生态服务价值评估指标体系,并对各项生态项服务价值计算方法进行了系统的研究;利用MapInfo及其组件MapX,以及以Visual Basic可视化开发工具为开发平台,建立了基于GIS的平原河网水系生态服务价值评估系统;最后将评估指标体系和计算机评估系统应用于江都市沿运灌区水系生态服务价值评估,根据2003-2007年的基础资料,对该灌区水系生态系统的提供用水、提供水产品、内陆航运、水分调节、净化水体、大气组分调节、净化环境7项功能进行了评估,并对各年生态系统服务价值变化趋势进行了分析。将地理信息系统技术和平原河网水系生态服务价值评估相结合,有利于高效处理平原河网水系生态服务价值评估中的海量数据。运行结果表明,本系统操作简便,界面友好,运行速度快,具有较强的实用性。
本文提出的平原河网水系生态服务价值评估指标体系、评估方法以及开发的计算软件,对我国南方平原河网水系生态服务价值评估具有推广应用价值,为河网水系生态治理提供科学决策具有重要意义。
The typical impress of plain river network include land fertile,densely populated and developed industrial and agricultural economic.As a special ecological resources of the region,water not only provides the basic resource to human life and production activities, but also has the functions that keeping the structure of natural ecosystems, ecological processes and the regional ecological environment. With the economic growth and people's lack of ecological protection, the function value of ecosystem services of river plains would be serious recession.The research about function value of ecosystem services must be stated for the scientific assessment of the actual situation of the ecosystem.
Based on the theory of function value of ecosystem services and consulting the existing results of function value of ecosystem services at home and abroad,the index system of the function value of ecosystem services has been established with characteristic of plain river network,and research the all design procedures of the function value of ecosystem services;Using the visual basic bisualization tools,the MapInfo and its subassembly MapX,the evalution system about the theory of function value of ecosystem services of plain river network has been established based on GIS.Then use the design procedures and evaluation system to the Yan Yun plain river network which is in Jiang Su city.Based on the datebase from 2003 to 2007,the evaluation for provision of water,marine product,inland shipping,water regulation, purification of water bodies,regulation of atmospheric composition, cleaning up the environment have been completed and analyze the trends of the function value of ecosystem services in every year.The combination of GIS and the function value of ecosystem services could be in favor of efficient dealing with the mass data of the function value of ecosystem services.The results show that this system have some traits:Easy to operate,fast and user-friendly,and could meet the requirements of system schedule.
The index system ,design procedures and the function value of ecosystem services for plain river network could been appliced to China Southern and have the significance for the Scientific decision-making of the function value of ecosystem services.
本文以生态服务价值评估理论为基础,参考国内外河流生态系统服务价值评估的现有成果,结合平原河网自身特点,建立了平原河网水系生态服务价值评估指标体系,并对各项生态项服务价值计算方法进行了系统的研究;利用MapInfo及其组件MapX,以及以Visual Basic可视化开发工具为开发平台,建立了基于GIS的平原河网水系生态服务价值评估系统;最后将评估指标体系和计算机评估系统应用于江都市沿运灌区水系生态服务价值评估,根据2003-2007年的基础资料,对该灌区水系生态系统的提供用水、提供水产品、内陆航运、水分调节、净化水体、大气组分调节、净化环境7项功能进行了评估,并对各年生态系统服务价值变化趋势进行了分析。将地理信息系统技术和平原河网水系生态服务价值评估相结合,有利于高效处理平原河网水系生态服务价值评估中的海量数据。运行结果表明,本系统操作简便,界面友好,运行速度快,具有较强的实用性。
本文提出的平原河网水系生态服务价值评估指标体系、评估方法以及开发的计算软件,对我国南方平原河网水系生态服务价值评估具有推广应用价值,为河网水系生态治理提供科学决策具有重要意义。
The typical impress of plain river network include land fertile,densely populated and developed industrial and agricultural economic.As a special ecological resources of the region,water not only provides the basic resource to human life and production activities, but also has the functions that keeping the structure of natural ecosystems, ecological processes and the regional ecological environment. With the economic growth and people's lack of ecological protection, the function value of ecosystem services of river plains would be serious recession.The research about function value of ecosystem services must be stated for the scientific assessment of the actual situation of the ecosystem.
Based on the theory of function value of ecosystem services and consulting the existing results of function value of ecosystem services at home and abroad,the index system of the function value of ecosystem services has been established with characteristic of plain river network,and research the all design procedures of the function value of ecosystem services;Using the visual basic bisualization tools,the MapInfo and its subassembly MapX,the evalution system about the theory of function value of ecosystem services of plain river network has been established based on GIS.Then use the design procedures and evaluation system to the Yan Yun plain river network which is in Jiang Su city.Based on the datebase from 2003 to 2007,the evaluation for provision of water,marine product,inland shipping,water regulation, purification of water bodies,regulation of atmospheric composition, cleaning up the environment have been completed and analyze the trends of the function value of ecosystem services in every year.The combination of GIS and the function value of ecosystem services could be in favor of efficient dealing with the mass data of the function value of ecosystem services.The results show that this system have some traits:Easy to operate,fast and user-friendly,and could meet the requirements of system schedule.
The index system ,design procedures and the function value of ecosystem services for plain river network could been appliced to China Southern and have the significance for the Scientific decision-making of the function value of ecosystem services.
引文
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