低碳经济下内河船舶碳排放监控实用技术研究
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摘要
目前温室效应引起了世界各国关注。旨在遏制全球气候变暖的《京都议定书》已正式生效。控制C02排放势在必行。同时关于C02排放已向着商品化发展,虽然碳排放交易还没有形成一定规模的市场,但碳排放交易市场化已成为大势所趋。我国内河船舶数量众多,C02排放量十分巨大。能够准确的掌握内河船舶C02排放量,对于在内河船舶实行节能减排、控制内河船舶碳排放、发展绿色船舶、实现低碳经济等具有重要的意义。
本文首先介绍并分析了内河船舶及其燃油系统的特点,其中重点介绍了燃油供油单元的组成及各部分功能。根据内河船舶供油单元的特点,针对性的选择了适合设计碳排放监控设备的硬件设备,并对该硬件设备做了相应的设置,使其能够完成所需功能；其次,本文分析了内河船舶在营运过程的中可能发生的各种状况,针对性的设计了适合内河船舶的程序流程。该程序流程主要由两大部分组成,即实时监控模式和查询模式。实时监控模式以数字和曲线两种形式显示被监控的参数变化,查询模式能够以曲线的形式显示一段时间内被监控参数的变化趋势。在完成监控技术的软、硬件设计之后,本文又设计了监控设备精确度检验试验系统。该系统以涡轮流量计为基准,运用最小二乘法对碳排放监控终端的瞬时参数和累积参数进行了校正,使其精确度满足使用要求。完成了碳排放监控软、硬件的制作。最后本文通过对燃油转化二氧化碳公式的比较,选择了适合本文需要的转化方法。并通过试验对该方法进行了验证和优化。
本文最终完成了船端碳排放监控终端的整体制作,同时结合内河船舶及内河航道的特点分析了影响内河船舶碳排放的因素,提出了相应的减排方案。
Global warming has drawn worldwide attention. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force to curb global warming and control CO2emissions. The CO2emissions has been commercialization. Carbon emissions trading market has become the trend of the times, although carbon emissions trading has not yet formed a certain scale market.
China has a large number of inland vessels, and CO2emissions is enormous. Accurate grasp of the inland ship CO2emissions is of great significance for inland vessels to implement energy conservation, control the inland ship carbon emissions, and develop green ship, low-carbon economy.
First, this paper describes and analyzes the characteristics of inland ship and its fuel system, which focuses on the composition of the fuel supply unit and some of the features. According to the characteristics of inland vessels'fuel supply unit, the paper selects a suitable hardware design, and does the appropriate settings to enable them to complete the desired function;
Secondly, the paper analyzes the status of inland vessels occurred in the trading process and designs the program flow. The program flow consists of two parts, real-time monitoring and polling modes. Real-time monitoring shows parameters change in the form of numbers and curves. It can show the trend of the monitored parameters in the period of time in the form of the curve. After the completing design of the monitoring technology's software and hardware, the paper designs testing and inspection systems of monitoring equipment. The system bases on the turbine flow meter and uses the least square method to correct the instantaneous parameters and cumulative parameters of the carbon emissions monitoring terminal. At the same time, the paper completes the production of carbon emissions mentioning's software and hardware.
Finally, compared with the fuel conversion of carbon dioxide formula, the paper selects the suitable conversion method. By validating and optimizing method, the paper gets a more accurate conversion method.
The paper completes the overall production of ship-side carbon emissions monitoring terminal. Combined with the characteristics of inland vessels and inland waterways, the paper analyzes factors affecting the carbon emissions of inland vessels, and puts forward emission reduction programs.
本文首先介绍并分析了内河船舶及其燃油系统的特点,其中重点介绍了燃油供油单元的组成及各部分功能。根据内河船舶供油单元的特点,针对性的选择了适合设计碳排放监控设备的硬件设备,并对该硬件设备做了相应的设置,使其能够完成所需功能；其次,本文分析了内河船舶在营运过程的中可能发生的各种状况,针对性的设计了适合内河船舶的程序流程。该程序流程主要由两大部分组成,即实时监控模式和查询模式。实时监控模式以数字和曲线两种形式显示被监控的参数变化,查询模式能够以曲线的形式显示一段时间内被监控参数的变化趋势。在完成监控技术的软、硬件设计之后,本文又设计了监控设备精确度检验试验系统。该系统以涡轮流量计为基准,运用最小二乘法对碳排放监控终端的瞬时参数和累积参数进行了校正,使其精确度满足使用要求。完成了碳排放监控软、硬件的制作。最后本文通过对燃油转化二氧化碳公式的比较,选择了适合本文需要的转化方法。并通过试验对该方法进行了验证和优化。
本文最终完成了船端碳排放监控终端的整体制作,同时结合内河船舶及内河航道的特点分析了影响内河船舶碳排放的因素,提出了相应的减排方案。
Global warming has drawn worldwide attention. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force to curb global warming and control CO2emissions. The CO2emissions has been commercialization. Carbon emissions trading market has become the trend of the times, although carbon emissions trading has not yet formed a certain scale market.
China has a large number of inland vessels, and CO2emissions is enormous. Accurate grasp of the inland ship CO2emissions is of great significance for inland vessels to implement energy conservation, control the inland ship carbon emissions, and develop green ship, low-carbon economy.
First, this paper describes and analyzes the characteristics of inland ship and its fuel system, which focuses on the composition of the fuel supply unit and some of the features. According to the characteristics of inland vessels'fuel supply unit, the paper selects a suitable hardware design, and does the appropriate settings to enable them to complete the desired function;
Secondly, the paper analyzes the status of inland vessels occurred in the trading process and designs the program flow. The program flow consists of two parts, real-time monitoring and polling modes. Real-time monitoring shows parameters change in the form of numbers and curves. It can show the trend of the monitored parameters in the period of time in the form of the curve. After the completing design of the monitoring technology's software and hardware, the paper designs testing and inspection systems of monitoring equipment. The system bases on the turbine flow meter and uses the least square method to correct the instantaneous parameters and cumulative parameters of the carbon emissions monitoring terminal. At the same time, the paper completes the production of carbon emissions mentioning's software and hardware.
Finally, compared with the fuel conversion of carbon dioxide formula, the paper selects the suitable conversion method. By validating and optimizing method, the paper gets a more accurate conversion method.
The paper completes the overall production of ship-side carbon emissions monitoring terminal. Combined with the characteristics of inland vessels and inland waterways, the paper analyzes factors affecting the carbon emissions of inland vessels, and puts forward emission reduction programs.
引文
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[2]朱建元.船舶柴油机.北京：北京人民交通出版社,2004.
[3]薛新民.我国能源活动二氧化碳排放量的计算及其国际比较.环境保护.1998,(4)：27-28.
[4]陈劲松,徐学群.船舶油耗远程实时监控管理系统设计.绿色质量观察.2011(6)：32-34.
[5]Simon Eggleston, Leandro Buendia, Kyoko Miwa, Todd Ngara, Kiyoto Tanabe. IPCC国家温室气体清单指南.日本：日本全球环境战略研究所,2006.
[6]朱旭.基于电化学及表面等离子体激元共振技术的生物传感器研究：(博士学位论文).湖南：中南大学,2009.
[7]许强.模态测试中传感群优化布设的初步研究：(硕士学位论文).重庆：重庆交通大学,2007.
[8]任强.传感器选用原则.铁道技术监督.2004,(9)：33-34.
[9]任超超.无托槽隐形矫治微型测力系统的建立于实验研究：(硕士学位论文).北京：首都医科大学,2009.
[10]边绿良.磁敏传感器及其应用.电子材料与电子技术.2004,(2)：14-21.
[11]俞青峰.时间序列分析在质量控制中的应用：(硕士学位论文).上海：上海交通大学,2003.
[12]蒋远辉.基于SWE的传感器WEB信息建模：(硕士学位论文)西安：西安工业大学,2011.
[13]澄湜.《京都议定书》：人类唱响自救宣言.中国保安.2005,(6)：17-19.
[14]于世勇.碳汇交易给林业带来的机遇与挑战.防护林科技.2008,(3)：76-83.
[15]王利.后《京都议定书》时代的前景探析.武汉科技大学学报.2009,11(3)：77-81.
[16]曹卫宁.浅谈多晶莫来石纤维在轧钢加热炉上的应用.工业炉.2007,29(2)：50-52.
[17]李积权.日本建筑节能对策.第三届海峡绿色建筑与建筑节能博览会论坛.福州.2009：17-22.
[18]孙长伟.市场环境下考虑环保约束的电力调度阻塞管理：(硕士学位论文)北京：华北电力大学,2008.
[19]彭妍妍.国外能效标识制度实施现状.现代家电.2005,(5)：42-43.
[20]曲庆文,宋润州.气体涡轮流量计中动压气体轴承的研究.润滑与密封.2006,(10)：49-51.
[21]丰飞飞.油水两相管流流量测量研究：(硕士学位论文).北京：中国科学院力学研究所,2009.
[22]彭劲松.中央空调分户计费系统研究与实现：(硕士学位论文).湖南：湖南大学,2007.
[23]刘月武.红外遥控与阶梯式预付费水表方案：(硕士学位论文).北京：北京交通大学, 2006.
[24]钟丽琼.流量计费式智能卡节水控制系统设计：(硕士学位论文).北京：北京工业大学,2009.
[25]范志华,刘枫.涡轮流量计在流量测量中的应用.气象水文海洋仪器.2007,(4)：20-23.
[26]曹晓燕.基于虚拟仪器汽车燃油经济性测试系统的研究与开发：(硕士学位论文).河北：河北工业大学,2006.
[27]郑士君.中远集运能效管理信息系统与碳排放计算器.中国海事.2011,(1)：40-42.
[28]杨彤.气体涡街流量计和涡轮流量计仪表系数实验研究：(硕士学位论文).天津：天津大学,2007.
[29]朱丽.涡轮流量计检定问题分析.计测技术.2010,30(S1)：112-113.
[30]张晓锋,浮选柱多变量控制系统的设计及应用：(硕士学位论文).湖南：中南大学,2010.
[31]苏彦勋.流量计量与测量.北京：中国计量出版社,1992.
[32]刘欣荣.流量计.北京：水利水电出版社,1984.
[33]蔡德庆.郑士君.中远集运船舶燃油监控系统.航海技术.2008,(5)：18-20.
[34]王海潮.海运减排路在何方.中国海事.2010,(2)：17-18.
[35]陶秀,樊喆,严新平,等.船舶燃油使用状况实时远程监测系统.船舶工程.2008,(4)：61-63.
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