智能网络供暖系统的研究
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摘要
目前,随着我国供热体制的改革,集中供暖分户热计量工作已逐步得到重视。就目前各试点的运行情况来看,无论是供暖效率、热计量原理、温控方式、设备管理方式、还是在热费的计算上,都存在着很大的缺陷,造成了大量的热量浪费与热费争端。所以,
如何选取一种切实可行的集中供暖分户热计量手段,成为亟待解决的问题。本文阐述了一种集中供暖分户热计量系统的研究与实现。通过对集中供暖分户热计量现状进行研究分析,指出开展集中供暖分户热计量工作的必要性以及所面临的问题,并提出了解决方案;接着介绍了系统的计量原理、热费计算和收缴方法,介绍了整个系统的组成及功能,对相应的模块做了简要说明;并对室温预测控制原理以及相关的技术要点做了具体说明;介绍了系统的网络组建原理及相应的通信协议开发;最后,对设备的试点运行情况进行了必要说明及数据分析。
通过近两个采暖期的运行调试,系统各项功能指标已基本达到了预期设想。运行结果表明:系统所采用的热计量方式和热费计算方法是合理的,既达到了精确计量的目的也很好地实现了“等舒适度等热费”;成功的网络组建也使得参数共享和远程数据监控成为现实。通过大量的系统运行数据分析可知,在2008年沈阳的气候条件下,该系统比传统的供暖系统节能20%左右,而且避免了热费缴纳争端,具有很好的市场前景。
As the reform of our country’s heat supply system goes deep, heat metering for central-heating facilities has been applied gradually. However according to the current test results, flaws still exist no matter in heating efficiency, metering principle, control method, equipment management or in the calculation of heating cost, and cause a huge waste and endless argument. Therefore, how to find a practical metering method for central heating facilities is an important and urgent issue.
This paper mainly describes how to design and implement a heat metering system. Through the analysis of current heat supply system and metering equipments, the importance and the difficulty of heat metering has been illuminated, while a new solution has been proposed. The paper introduces the principle of the system, the calculation formula of heating cost, the method to charge, the structure and the function of the system, including the related modules, and gives the rules for room temperature control. And then it mainly focuses on network establishment and development of relevant protocols. Finally, the operation data is analyzed.
After two winters' operation and commissioning, the functions of the system reach our expectation. The test result shows that the heat metering method and heating cost calculation are feasible, and they not only meet the accuracy, but also base on the rule“equal charge for equal thermal comfort”. A successful network establishment makes data sharing and remote control reliable. The analysis of the operation data tells that the system saves 20% of energy compared with traditional ones under the climate of Shenyang in 2008, and avoids the argument of heating cost. The system satisfies the request of energy saving, thus has a brilliant prospective of marketing.
如何选取一种切实可行的集中供暖分户热计量手段,成为亟待解决的问题。本文阐述了一种集中供暖分户热计量系统的研究与实现。通过对集中供暖分户热计量现状进行研究分析,指出开展集中供暖分户热计量工作的必要性以及所面临的问题,并提出了解决方案;接着介绍了系统的计量原理、热费计算和收缴方法,介绍了整个系统的组成及功能,对相应的模块做了简要说明;并对室温预测控制原理以及相关的技术要点做了具体说明;介绍了系统的网络组建原理及相应的通信协议开发;最后,对设备的试点运行情况进行了必要说明及数据分析。
通过近两个采暖期的运行调试,系统各项功能指标已基本达到了预期设想。运行结果表明:系统所采用的热计量方式和热费计算方法是合理的,既达到了精确计量的目的也很好地实现了“等舒适度等热费”;成功的网络组建也使得参数共享和远程数据监控成为现实。通过大量的系统运行数据分析可知,在2008年沈阳的气候条件下,该系统比传统的供暖系统节能20%左右,而且避免了热费缴纳争端,具有很好的市场前景。
As the reform of our country’s heat supply system goes deep, heat metering for central-heating facilities has been applied gradually. However according to the current test results, flaws still exist no matter in heating efficiency, metering principle, control method, equipment management or in the calculation of heating cost, and cause a huge waste and endless argument. Therefore, how to find a practical metering method for central heating facilities is an important and urgent issue.
This paper mainly describes how to design and implement a heat metering system. Through the analysis of current heat supply system and metering equipments, the importance and the difficulty of heat metering has been illuminated, while a new solution has been proposed. The paper introduces the principle of the system, the calculation formula of heating cost, the method to charge, the structure and the function of the system, including the related modules, and gives the rules for room temperature control. And then it mainly focuses on network establishment and development of relevant protocols. Finally, the operation data is analyzed.
After two winters' operation and commissioning, the functions of the system reach our expectation. The test result shows that the heat metering method and heating cost calculation are feasible, and they not only meet the accuracy, but also base on the rule“equal charge for equal thermal comfort”. A successful network establishment makes data sharing and remote control reliable. The analysis of the operation data tells that the system saves 20% of energy compared with traditional ones under the climate of Shenyang in 2008, and avoids the argument of heating cost. The system satisfies the request of energy saving, thus has a brilliant prospective of marketing.
引文
[1]张锡虎.住宅供暖方式的发展动态[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 26
[2]孔祥.关于热电联产的节能分析[J].科技信息, 2008(25): 310
[3]刘振华.浅谈居住建筑节能技术经济分析[J].科技信息, 2008(23): 326
[4]王丰美.空调器的节能技术[J].中国能源, 2006, 28(9): 41
[5]江煜,古丽马兰,王英.对住宅分户热计量技术的探讨[J].石河子科技, 2002(6): 13-14
[6]李春树.网络热计量系统的研究与开发[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学, 2007: 8-12
[7]李进.集中供暖住宅的分户热计量方法[J].邮电设计技术, 2006(05): 56-57
[8]肖兰生.住宅采暖计量收费方法的探讨[A].全国暖通空调制2000年学术文集[C], 2000: 15-16
[9]魏一然.对既有建筑采暖系统的改造和热计量浅析[J].河北建筑工程学院学报, 2003, 21(03): 11-12
[10]程瑞宁.基于网络环境的分户热计量系统的研究与应用[D].硕士学位论文兰州大学, 2006: 10-13
[11]郭秀英.计量供热热价模型研究[J].区域供热, 2008(03): 35-37
[12]方修睦.计量供暖收费的框架设计[J].煤气与热力, 2005, 25(4): 22
[13]方修睦.供暖热计量收费中几个问题的在探讨[J].暖通空调, 2005, 35(10): 58-59
[14]方修睦,刘仕宽.居住建筑供暖热费的分摊问题[J].暖通空调HV&AC, 2007, 37(5): 52-53
[15]李文波,方修睦.按室温分摊热费的原理与实现[J].暖通空调HV&AC, 2004, 34(11): 49-50
[16]北京市标准,DBJ01-605-2000新建集中供暖住宅分户计量设计规范
[17]田庆安,马传水.集中供暖分户计量系统热量表的选型及应用[J].科学咨询导报, 2007(08): 74
[18]刘曼兰.分户计量供热系统中的跟户温度控制装置[D].硕士学位论文哈尔滨工业大学, 2003: 6-7
[19]叶丹,齐国生.单片机的自适应温度控制系统[J].传感器技术, 2002, 21(3): 27-30
[20]吴东毛,龚庆,吴慎山.智能温度测控系统的设计与实现[J].长江大学学报自然科学版, 2004, 1(4): 59-60
[21]冯国民.分户供暖系统户间传热问题的探讨[J].科学技术与工程, 2004, 4(10): 878
[22]杨钰.基于多传感器数据融合的温度模糊控制系统设计[J].微计算机信息, 2005, 21(11-1): 117-118
[23]周纯杰,王永骥.现场总线检测系统的信息融合方法及其应用[J].计算技术与自动化, 2004, 23(1): 86-88
[24] Usami M.An ultra small RFID chip:u-chip[A].Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium[C]. 2004: 241-244.
[25]黄智伟,陈和.采用射频识别技术的制控系统设计[J].机械加工与自动化, 2001(10): 4-6
[26] Klaus Finkenzeller.射频识别(RFID)技术[M].电子工业出版社, 2001.6
[27] Philips Semiconductors, mifare Design of MF RC500 Matching Circuits and Antennas,V1.0,2000.05
[28] Philips Semiconductors, mifare MF RC500 Highly Integrated ISO14443A Reader IC, V2.0, 2001.01
[29] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17, ISO/IEC FDIS 14443-3:2000(E)
[30] ISO/IEC JTC1, FDIs 14443-2, 2000.09-2000.11
[31] Silicon Laboratories著.C8051F系列单片机数据手册[M],潘琢金译.深圳:新华龙电子有限公司,2005
[32]潘琢金,施国君.C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[33]陈华君,林凡,郭东辉等.RFID技术原理及其射频天线设计[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 44(增刊): 312-314
[34] DALLAS.Selecting and Using RS-232,RS-422,and RS-485 Serial Data Standards.2000, Dec
[35]李新超,李继凯.基于RS 485总线的数据采集处理系统[J].现代电子技术, 2007(12): 123-126
[36] SIEMENS著,MC39i_HD_V01.02,2005.09
[37] SIEMENS著,MC39i_ATC_V02.00,2005.09
[38] RFC1134, 1661 - Point-to-Point Protocol:A proposal for multi-protoco,1989-1994
[39] RFC1570 - PPP LCP Extensions, 1994
[40] Douglas E. Comer, David L. Stevens. Intemet working With TCP/IP Vol1 1: Design, Im- plementation, and Internals (Se cond Edition)
[41]赵毅.剖析TCP和UDP协议[J].安顺学院学报, 2008, 10(4): 93-94
[42] RFC1334 - PPP Authentication Protocols (PAP), 1992
[43] RFC1332 - The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP), 1992
[44]何金辉,朱大庆,齐文新.嵌入精简型TCP/IP协议栈的GPRS终端实现[J].计算机与数字工程, 2007, 35(03): 190-192
[45] Rong-Hong Jan, Wen-Yueh Chiu.An approach for seamless handoff among mobile WLAN/GPRS integrated networks [J]. Computer Communication, 2005(29): 32-41
[46] Cheng-Chien Kuo, Hong-Chan Chang, Fu-Hsien Chen.A Wireless Transmission Technique for Remote Monitoring and Recording System on Power Devices by GPRS Network [J]. Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Instrumentation,Measurement,Circuits& Systems, Hangzhou, China,2007: 132-137
[47]关宇东,陈学泉,朱伟明.嵌入式单片机PPP协议的应用研究[J].电子技术应用, 2003, 02:18-20
[48]杨勇等.GSM/GPRS在区域自动气象站检测系统中的应用[J].山西气象, 2008(03): 33-43
[2]孔祥.关于热电联产的节能分析[J].科技信息, 2008(25): 310
[3]刘振华.浅谈居住建筑节能技术经济分析[J].科技信息, 2008(23): 326
[4]王丰美.空调器的节能技术[J].中国能源, 2006, 28(9): 41
[5]江煜,古丽马兰,王英.对住宅分户热计量技术的探讨[J].石河子科技, 2002(6): 13-14
[6]李春树.网络热计量系统的研究与开发[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学, 2007: 8-12
[7]李进.集中供暖住宅的分户热计量方法[J].邮电设计技术, 2006(05): 56-57
[8]肖兰生.住宅采暖计量收费方法的探讨[A].全国暖通空调制2000年学术文集[C], 2000: 15-16
[9]魏一然.对既有建筑采暖系统的改造和热计量浅析[J].河北建筑工程学院学报, 2003, 21(03): 11-12
[10]程瑞宁.基于网络环境的分户热计量系统的研究与应用[D].硕士学位论文兰州大学, 2006: 10-13
[11]郭秀英.计量供热热价模型研究[J].区域供热, 2008(03): 35-37
[12]方修睦.计量供暖收费的框架设计[J].煤气与热力, 2005, 25(4): 22
[13]方修睦.供暖热计量收费中几个问题的在探讨[J].暖通空调, 2005, 35(10): 58-59
[14]方修睦,刘仕宽.居住建筑供暖热费的分摊问题[J].暖通空调HV&AC, 2007, 37(5): 52-53
[15]李文波,方修睦.按室温分摊热费的原理与实现[J].暖通空调HV&AC, 2004, 34(11): 49-50
[16]北京市标准,DBJ01-605-2000新建集中供暖住宅分户计量设计规范
[17]田庆安,马传水.集中供暖分户计量系统热量表的选型及应用[J].科学咨询导报, 2007(08): 74
[18]刘曼兰.分户计量供热系统中的跟户温度控制装置[D].硕士学位论文哈尔滨工业大学, 2003: 6-7
[19]叶丹,齐国生.单片机的自适应温度控制系统[J].传感器技术, 2002, 21(3): 27-30
[20]吴东毛,龚庆,吴慎山.智能温度测控系统的设计与实现[J].长江大学学报自然科学版, 2004, 1(4): 59-60
[21]冯国民.分户供暖系统户间传热问题的探讨[J].科学技术与工程, 2004, 4(10): 878
[22]杨钰.基于多传感器数据融合的温度模糊控制系统设计[J].微计算机信息, 2005, 21(11-1): 117-118
[23]周纯杰,王永骥.现场总线检测系统的信息融合方法及其应用[J].计算技术与自动化, 2004, 23(1): 86-88
[24] Usami M.An ultra small RFID chip:u-chip[A].Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium[C]. 2004: 241-244.
[25]黄智伟,陈和.采用射频识别技术的制控系统设计[J].机械加工与自动化, 2001(10): 4-6
[26] Klaus Finkenzeller.射频识别(RFID)技术[M].电子工业出版社, 2001.6
[27] Philips Semiconductors, mifare Design of MF RC500 Matching Circuits and Antennas,V1.0,2000.05
[28] Philips Semiconductors, mifare MF RC500 Highly Integrated ISO14443A Reader IC, V2.0, 2001.01
[29] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17, ISO/IEC FDIS 14443-3:2000(E)
[30] ISO/IEC JTC1, FDIs 14443-2, 2000.09-2000.11
[31] Silicon Laboratories著.C8051F系列单片机数据手册[M],潘琢金译.深圳:新华龙电子有限公司,2005
[32]潘琢金,施国君.C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[33]陈华君,林凡,郭东辉等.RFID技术原理及其射频天线设计[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 44(增刊): 312-314
[34] DALLAS.Selecting and Using RS-232,RS-422,and RS-485 Serial Data Standards.2000, Dec
[35]李新超,李继凯.基于RS 485总线的数据采集处理系统[J].现代电子技术, 2007(12): 123-126
[36] SIEMENS著,MC39i_HD_V01.02,2005.09
[37] SIEMENS著,MC39i_ATC_V02.00,2005.09
[38] RFC1134, 1661 - Point-to-Point Protocol:A proposal for multi-protoco,1989-1994
[39] RFC1570 - PPP LCP Extensions, 1994
[40] Douglas E. Comer, David L. Stevens. Intemet working With TCP/IP Vol1 1: Design, Im- plementation, and Internals (Se cond Edition)
[41]赵毅.剖析TCP和UDP协议[J].安顺学院学报, 2008, 10(4): 93-94
[42] RFC1334 - PPP Authentication Protocols (PAP), 1992
[43] RFC1332 - The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP), 1992
[44]何金辉,朱大庆,齐文新.嵌入精简型TCP/IP协议栈的GPRS终端实现[J].计算机与数字工程, 2007, 35(03): 190-192
[45] Rong-Hong Jan, Wen-Yueh Chiu.An approach for seamless handoff among mobile WLAN/GPRS integrated networks [J]. Computer Communication, 2005(29): 32-41
[46] Cheng-Chien Kuo, Hong-Chan Chang, Fu-Hsien Chen.A Wireless Transmission Technique for Remote Monitoring and Recording System on Power Devices by GPRS Network [J]. Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Instrumentation,Measurement,Circuits& Systems, Hangzhou, China,2007: 132-137
[47]关宇东,陈学泉,朱伟明.嵌入式单片机PPP协议的应用研究[J].电子技术应用, 2003, 02:18-20
[48]杨勇等.GSM/GPRS在区域自动气象站检测系统中的应用[J].山西气象, 2008(03): 33-43