教授花园热计量方法的示范研究
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摘要
受到世界能源危机的影响,世界范围内都在进行节能减排。供热计量是实现节能减排的一项重要措施,但要对供热体制进行改革,供热涉及部门多,政策性比较强,所以供热改革不仅需要主管部门的统筹安排,还需要各个相关部门的相互协调,科学可行的热计量方法更加迫切需要。如何才能寻求一种公平合理的建筑热计量方法,为此本文展开了以下工作：
首先,在目前市场经济的的潮流中,“热”由于具有特殊性,所以“热”一直无法成为一种能和水电一样的真正的商品。为什么出现这种现状本文从整体上进行了研究,总结出国内建筑常用热计量的现状,从中分析适合我国国情的分户热计量方法。
其次,对教授花园示范项目情况介绍,并对其应用的温度法热计量及热表法热计量方法的原理及其设备进行介绍。
第三,对教授花园示范项目的温度法及热表法数据进行整理分析,最后得出结论温度法相同户型(面积)的用户,房间温度相同,所分摊的热费相同,采用户用热表法必须要对其进行必要的修正,并对两者计量方法是否具有一致性进行了分析比较,最终确定温度法与采用修正以后的户用热表法计量具有一致性。
第四,对两种热计量方法进行经济性分析并对采用温度法前后的节能率进行了分析。确定温度法综合比较是优于户用热量表法的计量方法。
最后,例举了温度法热计量的实例工程。
By the world's energy crisis, all the world are conducting energy-saving emission eduction. Heat metering is an important measure to achieve emission reduction in China, and the heating system reform is a complicated systematic project, it involving many departments, policy-oriented, not only need department in charge of co-ordination arrangements and coordination with other relevant government departments but also need a scientific and feasible method of heat metering. In this paper, in the view of find a fair and reasonable heating method, expand the following work:
First of all, as the result of "hot" are unique, in the current tide of market economy, the "hot" have not been able to become a real commodity. This paper appears in general to study the causes of this situation, summed up the domestic status of the construction of heat metering, energy efficiency of China's implementation of construction work over the past 20 years the results were summarized, analyzed the condition of our country for household heat metering method.
Secondly, a professor garden demonstration project briefings, and its application of temperature method heat metering and heat method the principle of heat measurement methods and its equipment are introduced.
Third, a professor garden demonstration project temperature method and heat method and analyzed the data and concluded the same temperature method Unit (area) of the user, the same as room temperature, the share of heat costs the same, to adopt the user with hot table method must exercise the necessary amendments, and the consistency between the two measures are analyzed and compared the final to determine the temperature law and the adoption of amendments to the household after the hot table method has the consistency of measurement.
Fourth, the two all kinds of measurement methods for economic analysis. Determine the temperature method is superior to a comprehensive comparison is household calorimeter method of measurement methods. Finally, cites examples of measurement temperature method works.
首先,在目前市场经济的的潮流中,“热”由于具有特殊性,所以“热”一直无法成为一种能和水电一样的真正的商品。为什么出现这种现状本文从整体上进行了研究,总结出国内建筑常用热计量的现状,从中分析适合我国国情的分户热计量方法。
其次,对教授花园示范项目情况介绍,并对其应用的温度法热计量及热表法热计量方法的原理及其设备进行介绍。
第三,对教授花园示范项目的温度法及热表法数据进行整理分析,最后得出结论温度法相同户型(面积)的用户,房间温度相同,所分摊的热费相同,采用户用热表法必须要对其进行必要的修正,并对两者计量方法是否具有一致性进行了分析比较,最终确定温度法与采用修正以后的户用热表法计量具有一致性。
第四,对两种热计量方法进行经济性分析并对采用温度法前后的节能率进行了分析。确定温度法综合比较是优于户用热量表法的计量方法。
最后,例举了温度法热计量的实例工程。
By the world's energy crisis, all the world are conducting energy-saving emission eduction. Heat metering is an important measure to achieve emission reduction in China, and the heating system reform is a complicated systematic project, it involving many departments, policy-oriented, not only need department in charge of co-ordination arrangements and coordination with other relevant government departments but also need a scientific and feasible method of heat metering. In this paper, in the view of find a fair and reasonable heating method, expand the following work:
First of all, as the result of "hot" are unique, in the current tide of market economy, the "hot" have not been able to become a real commodity. This paper appears in general to study the causes of this situation, summed up the domestic status of the construction of heat metering, energy efficiency of China's implementation of construction work over the past 20 years the results were summarized, analyzed the condition of our country for household heat metering method.
Secondly, a professor garden demonstration project briefings, and its application of temperature method heat metering and heat method the principle of heat measurement methods and its equipment are introduced.
Third, a professor garden demonstration project temperature method and heat method and analyzed the data and concluded the same temperature method Unit (area) of the user, the same as room temperature, the share of heat costs the same, to adopt the user with hot table method must exercise the necessary amendments, and the consistency between the two measures are analyzed and compared the final to determine the temperature law and the adoption of amendments to the household after the hot table method has the consistency of measurement.
Fourth, the two all kinds of measurement methods for economic analysis. Determine the temperature method is superior to a comprehensive comparison is household calorimeter method of measurement methods. Finally, cites examples of measurement temperature method works.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2007[M].北京：中国统计出版社
[2]徐宝萍,狄洪发.计量供热技术发展及研究综述[J].建筑科学,2007,23(2)：108-110
[3]王智超,狄洪发.供暖计量收费的现状与问题[J].区域供热,2002.3
[4]辛坦.在中国推行供暖按表热计量收费亟待解决的几个问题[J].区域供热,1999.4
[5]杨秀,江亿.中外建筑能耗比较[J].中国能源,2007,29(6)：21-26
[6]丰国红.试论供热计量收费和节能煤炭现代化[J].煤炭现代化,2002,(3)：25-36
[7]中华人民共和国建设部令(第76号),民用建筑节能管理规定,区域供热,2000.3
[8]张锡虎.住宅的集中供热供暖系统和节能[J].科技综述,1998,28(3)：28-30
[9]江亿.我国供热节能中的问题和解决途径[J].暖通空调,2006,36(3)：37-41
[10]田雨辰涂光备.浅谈计量供热与建筑节能的关系[J].
[11]于谨,方修睦.欧洲采暖热计量评述[J].节能,2005,5：54-56
[12]H.L. Emslander. Heating Costing Allocation in Multi-family Buildings:Energy Savings and Implementation Standards [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,95:792-793
[13]D.R.Goetting, F.K.Huppler (West Germany). Heating Costing-Distributors in District Heating System [A]. Papers on the No.4 International District Heating Conference[C],1981.5
[14]D.R.Goetting. Research Needs for Heating/Cooling Cost Allocation System[J]. ASHER Transitions CH89-10-3
[15]中国城镇供热协会.热量计量收费——欧洲经验汇编[M].1998
[16]Schlumberger Company. Bible of Heat Metering and Billing [M].1998
[17]涂逢祥.建筑节能技术[M].北京：中国计划出版社,1996年
[18]徐伟,黄纬,邹瑜.供暖系统按户计量技术的进展与评述[J].建筑节能,2002,1：29-35
[19]涂光备,袁哲宁,黄保民.供热计量技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003年4月
[20]甄兰兰,沈昱明.热量表的热计量原理及计算[J].自动化仪表,2003,24(10)：41-43
[21]王可崇,刘曼兰.分户热计量供热系统中的分户温度控制系统[J].自动化仪表,2004,25(7)：69-71
[22]Edward F. Sowell, Douglas Hittle. Evolution of Building Energy Simulation Methodology [J]. ASHRAE Transaction:Symposia, CH95-9-2
[23]程治国.供热分户智能控制系统[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2003
[24]孙项菲,雷鸣,孙毓舸.热分配表和热量表的原理和应用[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(5)：4243
[25]郎四维,徐伟,冯铁栓.应用散热器恒温阀实现供暖系统节能及室内热环境改善[J].暖通空调,1996.5
[26]建设部科技发展促进中心.供热价格与计量收费的理论与实践[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008年1月
[27]供热计量与收费的技术方案及政策法规报告[R].世界银行项目报告.2002.11：5-10
[28]Georges Gambut. Bible of Heat Metering and Billing—Experience form Europe[M]. Schlumberger Beijing Office, China District Heating Association,1998.11
[29]王天锡.热费制度改革进展与若干问题的思考[J].建设科技,2007,6：33-35
[30]Witold Cherubin. District Heating System Management Guide [M].2002:45-55
[31]扈晓庆.采暖热计量的节能率研究及经济性分析[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[32]田雨辰,涂光备,王新毅等.计量供暖的热价制定及收费方案[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(7)：22-25
[33]方修睦,张旭,郭永斌.热价对热用户与热力公司利益的影响[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(3)：58-61
[34]包敦岩.关于典型城市集中供热热价的调查分析和计量供热中二部制热价的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2005
[35]John D.Cowan. Steren Schiller. Measuring Energy Saving for Modernization Projects [J]. ASHER Journal,1997.8
[36]王光芹.多层住宅建筑按户计量收费方法的研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2004
[37]方修睦,王思平.采暖热计量收费的框架设计[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(4)：21-23
[38]徐伟,邹瑜,黄纬.按热量计费的住宅供热采暖技术研究(上)[J].建筑科学,1994,(4)：1-9
[39]许文发,赵建成,李滨涛.供热系统计量技术与收费措施研究[A],中国城镇供热协会第2届技术委员会第4次年会文集[C],1998
[40]R.A.Hegber,P.E. Monitoring System for Heating and Cooling Energy Allocation in Multiple Occupancy Buildings [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,89(2):798-804
[41]李文波,方修睦.按室温分摊热费热费的原理与实现[J].暖通空调,2004,34(11)：49-51
[42]方修睦,姜永成,王学等.温度法供暖热计量分配系统的研究[J].暖通空调,2005,35(5)：112-115
[43]李德英,秦风权,陈红兵等.集中供暖系统的两种计量方法[J].暖通空调,2005,35(10)：61-62
[44]M.J. Hewett, H.L. Emslander. Heating Cost Allocation in Multi-family Buildings:Energy Savings and Implementation Standards [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,89:789-796
[45]方修睦,杨丹,于涛等.某居住小区热计量收费结果分析[J].暖通空调,2005,34(1)：62-64
[46]方修睦,王建,于晓明等.供暖热计量收费软件的开发研究[J].暖通空调,2003,33(1)：84-86
[47]吴元炜.多户住宅楼供暖费用与分摊的技术途径[J].暖通空调,1999.3
[48]Georges Gambut. Bible of Heat Metering and Billing—Experience form Europe[M]. Schlumberger Beijing Office, China District Heating Association,1998.11
[49]杨宏伟,郗长乐.利用室温进行采暖热计量的探讨[J].洁净与空调技术,2007,1：65-66
[50]R.A.Hegber,P.E. Monitoring System for Heating and Cooling Energy Allocation in Multiple Occupancy Buildings [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,89(2):798-804
[51]王海峰,方修睦.户间传热量的计算方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(11)：1534-1536
[52]刘晓君,毛鹤琴建筑技术经济学中国建筑出版社200056-58
[53]计量供热与建筑节能的关系中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部
[54]国内外供热计量应用发展情况 中华商务网讯
[55]论国内供热水质对热计量表的影响及对策热量表吧-贴吧
[56]王德林温度法热计量技术研究报告
[57]北京晟龙温度法工程技术报告
[58]冯廷龙居住小区建筑热计量方法的研究[D]山东建筑大学2006
[2]徐宝萍,狄洪发.计量供热技术发展及研究综述[J].建筑科学,2007,23(2)：108-110
[3]王智超,狄洪发.供暖计量收费的现状与问题[J].区域供热,2002.3
[4]辛坦.在中国推行供暖按表热计量收费亟待解决的几个问题[J].区域供热,1999.4
[5]杨秀,江亿.中外建筑能耗比较[J].中国能源,2007,29(6)：21-26
[6]丰国红.试论供热计量收费和节能煤炭现代化[J].煤炭现代化,2002,(3)：25-36
[7]中华人民共和国建设部令(第76号),民用建筑节能管理规定,区域供热,2000.3
[8]张锡虎.住宅的集中供热供暖系统和节能[J].科技综述,1998,28(3)：28-30
[9]江亿.我国供热节能中的问题和解决途径[J].暖通空调,2006,36(3)：37-41
[10]田雨辰涂光备.浅谈计量供热与建筑节能的关系[J].
[11]于谨,方修睦.欧洲采暖热计量评述[J].节能,2005,5：54-56
[12]H.L. Emslander. Heating Costing Allocation in Multi-family Buildings:Energy Savings and Implementation Standards [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,95:792-793
[13]D.R.Goetting, F.K.Huppler (West Germany). Heating Costing-Distributors in District Heating System [A]. Papers on the No.4 International District Heating Conference[C],1981.5
[14]D.R.Goetting. Research Needs for Heating/Cooling Cost Allocation System[J]. ASHER Transitions CH89-10-3
[15]中国城镇供热协会.热量计量收费——欧洲经验汇编[M].1998
[16]Schlumberger Company. Bible of Heat Metering and Billing [M].1998
[17]涂逢祥.建筑节能技术[M].北京：中国计划出版社,1996年
[18]徐伟,黄纬,邹瑜.供暖系统按户计量技术的进展与评述[J].建筑节能,2002,1：29-35
[19]涂光备,袁哲宁,黄保民.供热计量技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003年4月
[20]甄兰兰,沈昱明.热量表的热计量原理及计算[J].自动化仪表,2003,24(10)：41-43
[21]王可崇,刘曼兰.分户热计量供热系统中的分户温度控制系统[J].自动化仪表,2004,25(7)：69-71
[22]Edward F. Sowell, Douglas Hittle. Evolution of Building Energy Simulation Methodology [J]. ASHRAE Transaction:Symposia, CH95-9-2
[23]程治国.供热分户智能控制系统[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2003
[24]孙项菲,雷鸣,孙毓舸.热分配表和热量表的原理和应用[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(5)：4243
[25]郎四维,徐伟,冯铁栓.应用散热器恒温阀实现供暖系统节能及室内热环境改善[J].暖通空调,1996.5
[26]建设部科技发展促进中心.供热价格与计量收费的理论与实践[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008年1月
[27]供热计量与收费的技术方案及政策法规报告[R].世界银行项目报告.2002.11：5-10
[28]Georges Gambut. Bible of Heat Metering and Billing—Experience form Europe[M]. Schlumberger Beijing Office, China District Heating Association,1998.11
[29]王天锡.热费制度改革进展与若干问题的思考[J].建设科技,2007,6：33-35
[30]Witold Cherubin. District Heating System Management Guide [M].2002:45-55
[31]扈晓庆.采暖热计量的节能率研究及经济性分析[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[32]田雨辰,涂光备,王新毅等.计量供暖的热价制定及收费方案[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(7)：22-25
[33]方修睦,张旭,郭永斌.热价对热用户与热力公司利益的影响[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(3)：58-61
[34]包敦岩.关于典型城市集中供热热价的调查分析和计量供热中二部制热价的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2005
[35]John D.Cowan. Steren Schiller. Measuring Energy Saving for Modernization Projects [J]. ASHER Journal,1997.8
[36]王光芹.多层住宅建筑按户计量收费方法的研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2004
[37]方修睦,王思平.采暖热计量收费的框架设计[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(4)：21-23
[38]徐伟,邹瑜,黄纬.按热量计费的住宅供热采暖技术研究(上)[J].建筑科学,1994,(4)：1-9
[39]许文发,赵建成,李滨涛.供热系统计量技术与收费措施研究[A],中国城镇供热协会第2届技术委员会第4次年会文集[C],1998
[40]R.A.Hegber,P.E. Monitoring System for Heating and Cooling Energy Allocation in Multiple Occupancy Buildings [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,89(2):798-804
[41]李文波,方修睦.按室温分摊热费热费的原理与实现[J].暖通空调,2004,34(11)：49-51
[42]方修睦,姜永成,王学等.温度法供暖热计量分配系统的研究[J].暖通空调,2005,35(5)：112-115
[43]李德英,秦风权,陈红兵等.集中供暖系统的两种计量方法[J].暖通空调,2005,35(10)：61-62
[44]M.J. Hewett, H.L. Emslander. Heating Cost Allocation in Multi-family Buildings:Energy Savings and Implementation Standards [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,89:789-796
[45]方修睦,杨丹,于涛等.某居住小区热计量收费结果分析[J].暖通空调,2005,34(1)：62-64
[46]方修睦,王建,于晓明等.供暖热计量收费软件的开发研究[J].暖通空调,2003,33(1)：84-86
[47]吴元炜.多户住宅楼供暖费用与分摊的技术途径[J].暖通空调,1999.3
[48]Georges Gambut. Bible of Heat Metering and Billing—Experience form Europe[M]. Schlumberger Beijing Office, China District Heating Association,1998.11
[49]杨宏伟,郗长乐.利用室温进行采暖热计量的探讨[J].洁净与空调技术,2007,1：65-66
[50]R.A.Hegber,P.E. Monitoring System for Heating and Cooling Energy Allocation in Multiple Occupancy Buildings [J]. ASHRAE Transaction,89(2):798-804
[51]王海峰,方修睦.户间传热量的计算方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(11)：1534-1536
[52]刘晓君,毛鹤琴建筑技术经济学中国建筑出版社200056-58
[53]计量供热与建筑节能的关系中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部
[54]国内外供热计量应用发展情况 中华商务网讯
[55]论国内供热水质对热计量表的影响及对策热量表吧-贴吧
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