蒸汽辅助重力泄油的渗流模式研究
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摘要
蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术作为开发超稠油的一项前沿技术,日益受到人们的重视。研究适用于稠油油藏特别是超稠油油藏开采的蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术具有十分重要的意义。
本文从理论研究和数值模拟两个方面对蒸汽辅助重力泄油进行研究。理论方面先研究了蒸汽辅助重力泄油的基本原理,对该项技术的驱油动力,布井方式,以及开采特点做了相关阐述。在Butler斜坡泄油理论基础上,建立了双水平井重力泄油的数学模型,研究原油粘温特性及油气界面的移动速度等参数对泄油量的影响,求得其解析解。同时建立了直井-水平井重力泄油的数学模型,求得其解析解,并将其与实际生产数据进行对比,结果表明吻合情况较好,验证了模型的正确性。
以双水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油为例,应用油藏数值模拟研究了含油饱和度、压力、温度等在开发过程中的变化特征,深入分析了蒸汽腔的扩展形态和流体流动规律。并在此基础上分析了油层有效厚度、孔隙度、含油饱和度等地质参数在SAGD过程中对开采效果的影响,总结了SAGD的适用条件;将蒸汽辅助重力泄油分为四个阶段,重点对第四阶段即SAGD生产阶段,对注采参数和布井参数进行了优化,并预测了开发效果。将数模预测、理论计算与实际资料进行比较,结果表明吻合情况较好,验证了数学模型解析解的正确性、可靠性。
本文通过对蒸汽腔向油藏推进的数学模型研究和数值模拟方法研究了SAGD的渗流模式,为进一步深入研究SAGD驱油理论及其实践应用奠定了理论基础。
Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage has increasingly come under people’s attention as an advanced technology of producing extra-heavy oils. It’s very important to study the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)technology which is a very effective method in developing heavy crude oil reservoirs, especially extra heavy oil reservoirs.
This article studies the SAGD technology in two ways .One is the theoretical research and the other is numerical simulation. Theoretical researches begin with the basic theory of SAGD, illustrate the oil displacement power, well spacing pattern, exploit characteristic. Then found the mathematical model for dual horizontal wells SAGD on the basis of Butler theory, and get the analytical solution, also study how does the viscosity-temperature characteristic of oil,and velocity of steam-oil interface influence the oil production rate. At the same time , found the mathematical model of vertical-horizontal wells SAGD and verify the validity of the model by comparison with the actual production data.
In the other way , taking an example of dual horizontal wells, the numerical models are created to study the behavior of the oil saturation, pressure and temperature in the process of SAGD, then analyze the develop-process of steam chamber and flow method of the liquid. And then study the exploit effects under different geological parameters, such as net pay thickness、porosity and oil saturation and so on; then obtain the result how the geological parameters affect SAGD progress. And then study the 4th period in the process of SAGD which is divided into four periods. Optimize the location of wells and injection-production parameters. At last,numerical prediction results are contrasted to theoretical calculation results and actual production data, the results indicate that they get good matched, which verify the validity and credibility of the analytical results.and the feasibility of SAGD applying to exploit extra heavy oil reservoirs.
This paper study the infiltrating fluid mechanism of SAGD through both the mathematical approach and the numerical simulation,and lays the theoretical foundation for oil displacement theory and practical application in SAGD.
本文从理论研究和数值模拟两个方面对蒸汽辅助重力泄油进行研究。理论方面先研究了蒸汽辅助重力泄油的基本原理,对该项技术的驱油动力,布井方式,以及开采特点做了相关阐述。在Butler斜坡泄油理论基础上,建立了双水平井重力泄油的数学模型,研究原油粘温特性及油气界面的移动速度等参数对泄油量的影响,求得其解析解。同时建立了直井-水平井重力泄油的数学模型,求得其解析解,并将其与实际生产数据进行对比,结果表明吻合情况较好,验证了模型的正确性。
以双水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油为例,应用油藏数值模拟研究了含油饱和度、压力、温度等在开发过程中的变化特征,深入分析了蒸汽腔的扩展形态和流体流动规律。并在此基础上分析了油层有效厚度、孔隙度、含油饱和度等地质参数在SAGD过程中对开采效果的影响,总结了SAGD的适用条件;将蒸汽辅助重力泄油分为四个阶段,重点对第四阶段即SAGD生产阶段,对注采参数和布井参数进行了优化,并预测了开发效果。将数模预测、理论计算与实际资料进行比较,结果表明吻合情况较好,验证了数学模型解析解的正确性、可靠性。
本文通过对蒸汽腔向油藏推进的数学模型研究和数值模拟方法研究了SAGD的渗流模式,为进一步深入研究SAGD驱油理论及其实践应用奠定了理论基础。
Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage has increasingly come under people’s attention as an advanced technology of producing extra-heavy oils. It’s very important to study the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)technology which is a very effective method in developing heavy crude oil reservoirs, especially extra heavy oil reservoirs.
This article studies the SAGD technology in two ways .One is the theoretical research and the other is numerical simulation. Theoretical researches begin with the basic theory of SAGD, illustrate the oil displacement power, well spacing pattern, exploit characteristic. Then found the mathematical model for dual horizontal wells SAGD on the basis of Butler theory, and get the analytical solution, also study how does the viscosity-temperature characteristic of oil,and velocity of steam-oil interface influence the oil production rate. At the same time , found the mathematical model of vertical-horizontal wells SAGD and verify the validity of the model by comparison with the actual production data.
In the other way , taking an example of dual horizontal wells, the numerical models are created to study the behavior of the oil saturation, pressure and temperature in the process of SAGD, then analyze the develop-process of steam chamber and flow method of the liquid. And then study the exploit effects under different geological parameters, such as net pay thickness、porosity and oil saturation and so on; then obtain the result how the geological parameters affect SAGD progress. And then study the 4th period in the process of SAGD which is divided into four periods. Optimize the location of wells and injection-production parameters. At last,numerical prediction results are contrasted to theoretical calculation results and actual production data, the results indicate that they get good matched, which verify the validity and credibility of the analytical results.and the feasibility of SAGD applying to exploit extra heavy oil reservoirs.
This paper study the infiltrating fluid mechanism of SAGD through both the mathematical approach and the numerical simulation,and lays the theoretical foundation for oil displacement theory and practical application in SAGD.
引文
[1]于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J] .特种油气藏,2001,8(2):99-103.
[2]胡常忠.稠油开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:111-114
[3]万仁溥.采油工程手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:548-561
[4]牛嘉玉,刘尚奇,门存贵.稠油资源地质与开发利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:314-318
[5]刘慧卿,范玉平,赵东伟,等.热力采油技术原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:142-145
[6]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:209-211
[7]张义堂.热力采油提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:142-201
[8] Butler R.M, Stephens D.J. The gravity of steam heated to parallel horizontal wells[J]. JCPT, April-June, 1981: 90-96
[9] Griffin P J, Trofimenkoff P N. Laboratory Studies of the steam-assisted gravity drainage procedd [J]. AOSTRA J of Research, 1986, 2(4): 97-203
[10] Yang G,Butler R M.Effects of reservoir heterogeneities on heavy oil recovery by steam assisted gravity drainage [C]. 40th Annual Technical Meeting of CIM, BA- NFF, 1989
[11] Sasaki K, Akibayashi, Yazawa N, Doan Q,Farouq Ali SM. Numerical and experimental modeling of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) proc- ess[J]. JCPT, 2001, 40(1): 44-50
[12] Butler R M. Rise of interfering steam chambers[J]. CPT, 1987, 26(3): 70-75
[13] Sugianto S, Bulter R M. The production of conventional heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water using steam-assisted gravity drainage[J]. Paper 89-40-33, The Petroleum Society of CIM, 1990
[14] Chow L, Butler R M. Numerical simulation of the steam-assisted gravity drai- nage process (SAGD)[J]. JCPT, 1996,36(6):55-62
[15] Ito Y, Ipek G. Steam-fingering phenomenon during SAGD process[C]. SPEPaper97729.2005.SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Sym- posium Calgary, Alberta,Canada,1-3 November 2005
[16] Bagci A S. Experimental and simulation studies of SAGD process in fractured reservoirs[C]. SPE Paper99920.2005 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium Calgary,Alberta,Canada,1-3 November 2005
[17] Sedaee Sola B, Rashidi F. Application of the SAGD to an iranian carbonate heavy oil reservoir[C]. SPE Paper100533. 2006 SPE Western Regional/AAPG Pacific Section/GSA Cordilleran Section Joint Meeting, Anchorage, Al aska, U- SA,8-10 May 2006
[18]曾烨,周光辉.水平井蒸汽辅助重力驱双模研究初探[J] .石油勘探与开发,1994,21(5):70-75
[19]杨洪,姚远勤.稠油油藏水平井与直井组合布井方式数模研究[J] .特种油气藏.1996,3 (3):11-15.
[20]吴向红,叶继根,马远乐.水平井蒸汽辅助重力驱油藏模拟方法[J].计算物理,2002,19(6):540-552
[21]刘尚奇、包连纯、马德胜.辽河油田超稠油油藏开采方式研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(4):80-81
[22]杨乃群,常斌,程林松.超常规稠油油藏改进的蒸汽辅助重力泄油方式应用研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(2).:123-127
[23]刘学利,杜致敏,韩忠艳,等.单井蒸汽辅助重力驱启动过程动态预测模型[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(4):34-37
[24]郭建国,乔晶.水平井开发杜84块馆陶超稠油藏方案优化及应用[J].钻采工艺,2005,28(3):43-46
[25]孟巍,贾东,谢锦男,等.超稠油油藏中直井与水平井组合SAGD技术优化地质设计[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2):44-46
[26]窦洪恩.稠油热采应用SAGD技术的探讨[J].石油科技论坛,2003,8(4):50-53
[27]张方礼,张丽萍,鲍君刚,等.蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术在超稠油开发中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2007,7(2):6-8
[28] Roger.Butler(著),金建(译).SAGD法的原理、发展、动态与未来[J].石油勘探开发情报,1997,7(6) :69-73
[29]张义堂.EOR热力采油提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:207-215.
[30] Roger.Butler(著),生如岩(译) .蒸汽辅助重力驱油技术及其应用前景[J] .新疆石油科技信息,1999,20(3)14-16
[31]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2005:156-164
[32]刘慧卿,范玉平,赵东伟,等.热力采油技术原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:82-83
[33]陈月明.注蒸汽热力采油[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:143-146
[34]刘慧卿,范玉平,赵东伟,等.热力采油技术原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:84-86
[35]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:127-130
[36] Butler,R.M..Thermal Recovery of Oil and Bitumen.Englewood Cliffs N.J:Pre- ntice Hall, 1991, pp.285-359.
[37]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,1998:8-9.
[38]刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:52-67
[39]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:215-216
[40] Butler R M.Application of SAGD , related processes growing in Canada, Oil and Gas, 2001 May 14,74-78
[41]程林松,李忠兴,黄世军等.不同类型油藏复杂结构井产能评价[M].山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:58-69
[42]任瑛,梁金国,杨双虎等.稠油与高凝油热力开采问题的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:127-130
[43] Elliot K E, Kovscek A R. A Numerical analysis of the steam assisted gravity drainage process. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2001,19(7),733-760
[44]胡文瑞.水平井油藏工程设计[M].石油工业出版社,2008:85-87
[45]万仁溥.中国不同类型油藏水平井开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:37-65
[46]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:217-220
[2]胡常忠.稠油开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:111-114
[3]万仁溥.采油工程手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:548-561
[4]牛嘉玉,刘尚奇,门存贵.稠油资源地质与开发利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:314-318
[5]刘慧卿,范玉平,赵东伟,等.热力采油技术原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:142-145
[6]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:209-211
[7]张义堂.热力采油提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:142-201
[8] Butler R.M, Stephens D.J. The gravity of steam heated to parallel horizontal wells[J]. JCPT, April-June, 1981: 90-96
[9] Griffin P J, Trofimenkoff P N. Laboratory Studies of the steam-assisted gravity drainage procedd [J]. AOSTRA J of Research, 1986, 2(4): 97-203
[10] Yang G,Butler R M.Effects of reservoir heterogeneities on heavy oil recovery by steam assisted gravity drainage [C]. 40th Annual Technical Meeting of CIM, BA- NFF, 1989
[11] Sasaki K, Akibayashi, Yazawa N, Doan Q,Farouq Ali SM. Numerical and experimental modeling of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) proc- ess[J]. JCPT, 2001, 40(1): 44-50
[12] Butler R M. Rise of interfering steam chambers[J]. CPT, 1987, 26(3): 70-75
[13] Sugianto S, Bulter R M. The production of conventional heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water using steam-assisted gravity drainage[J]. Paper 89-40-33, The Petroleum Society of CIM, 1990
[14] Chow L, Butler R M. Numerical simulation of the steam-assisted gravity drai- nage process (SAGD)[J]. JCPT, 1996,36(6):55-62
[15] Ito Y, Ipek G. Steam-fingering phenomenon during SAGD process[C]. SPEPaper97729.2005.SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Sym- posium Calgary, Alberta,Canada,1-3 November 2005
[16] Bagci A S. Experimental and simulation studies of SAGD process in fractured reservoirs[C]. SPE Paper99920.2005 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium Calgary,Alberta,Canada,1-3 November 2005
[17] Sedaee Sola B, Rashidi F. Application of the SAGD to an iranian carbonate heavy oil reservoir[C]. SPE Paper100533. 2006 SPE Western Regional/AAPG Pacific Section/GSA Cordilleran Section Joint Meeting, Anchorage, Al aska, U- SA,8-10 May 2006
[18]曾烨,周光辉.水平井蒸汽辅助重力驱双模研究初探[J] .石油勘探与开发,1994,21(5):70-75
[19]杨洪,姚远勤.稠油油藏水平井与直井组合布井方式数模研究[J] .特种油气藏.1996,3 (3):11-15.
[20]吴向红,叶继根,马远乐.水平井蒸汽辅助重力驱油藏模拟方法[J].计算物理,2002,19(6):540-552
[21]刘尚奇、包连纯、马德胜.辽河油田超稠油油藏开采方式研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(4):80-81
[22]杨乃群,常斌,程林松.超常规稠油油藏改进的蒸汽辅助重力泄油方式应用研究[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(2).:123-127
[23]刘学利,杜致敏,韩忠艳,等.单井蒸汽辅助重力驱启动过程动态预测模型[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(4):34-37
[24]郭建国,乔晶.水平井开发杜84块馆陶超稠油藏方案优化及应用[J].钻采工艺,2005,28(3):43-46
[25]孟巍,贾东,谢锦男,等.超稠油油藏中直井与水平井组合SAGD技术优化地质设计[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2):44-46
[26]窦洪恩.稠油热采应用SAGD技术的探讨[J].石油科技论坛,2003,8(4):50-53
[27]张方礼,张丽萍,鲍君刚,等.蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术在超稠油开发中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2007,7(2):6-8
[28] Roger.Butler(著),金建(译).SAGD法的原理、发展、动态与未来[J].石油勘探开发情报,1997,7(6) :69-73
[29]张义堂.EOR热力采油提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:207-215.
[30] Roger.Butler(著),生如岩(译) .蒸汽辅助重力驱油技术及其应用前景[J] .新疆石油科技信息,1999,20(3)14-16
[31]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2005:156-164
[32]刘慧卿,范玉平,赵东伟,等.热力采油技术原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:82-83
[33]陈月明.注蒸汽热力采油[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:143-146
[34]刘慧卿,范玉平,赵东伟,等.热力采油技术原理与方法[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:84-86
[35]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:127-130
[36] Butler,R.M..Thermal Recovery of Oil and Bitumen.Englewood Cliffs N.J:Pre- ntice Hall, 1991, pp.285-359.
[37]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,1998:8-9.
[38]刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:52-67
[39]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:215-216
[40] Butler R M.Application of SAGD , related processes growing in Canada, Oil and Gas, 2001 May 14,74-78
[41]程林松,李忠兴,黄世军等.不同类型油藏复杂结构井产能评价[M].山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:58-69
[42]任瑛,梁金国,杨双虎等.稠油与高凝油热力开采问题的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:127-130
[43] Elliot K E, Kovscek A R. A Numerical analysis of the steam assisted gravity drainage process. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2001,19(7),733-760
[44]胡文瑞.水平井油藏工程设计[M].石油工业出版社,2008:85-87
[45]万仁溥.中国不同类型油藏水平井开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:37-65
[46]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:217-220