挡风屏对强侧风作用下行车安全性的影响
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摘要
行驶中的高速列车对风荷载的作用十分敏感,列车绕流问题的研究显得极其重要,其主要表现为：列车与空气的相互作用引起了一系列影响列车能耗、安全、舒适和危害周围环境的空气动力学问题。对于行驶在桥梁上的高速列车,其在强侧风作用下的安全稳定问题显得更为突出,应采取积极措施保证强侧风作用下列车的稳定性。本文以某线路桥梁上运行的列车为对象,首先通过CFD数值模拟和风洞模型试验,研究了在桥梁上设置不同高度、不同透风率挡风屏对列车气动力特性的影响。研究结果表明,桥梁上设置挡风屏结构可以明显减小列车所收的气动力,且当桥梁上设置4m、20%透风率挡风屏结构最为合理。其次,为了保证挡风屏自身的结构安全,通过大型商用有限元软件ANSYS对挡风屏结构进行模态分析,测定了其结构自振频率,通过与列车脉动风频率相对比,证明了挡风屏结构在列车脉动风作用下不会发生共振现象。
本文主要研究工作如下：
1、采用FLUENT软件,基于有限体积法建立混合网格进行空间离散,通过多次试算确定模型求解域尺寸,并用雷诺时均方法的STT k-ω湍流模型实现湍流的模拟。
2、利用二维数值模拟,研究了有无挡风屏对列车气动力的影响以及设置不同高度、不同透风率挡风屏对列车的气动力的影响。
3、通过风洞模型试验的方法,验证二维数值模拟的可靠性,同时考虑不同风偏角对列车气动力的影响,并通过测定接触网处风场评估接触网的安全性。
4、通过三维数值模拟,实现对列车运动的模拟,测定由二维数值分析与风洞试验共同确定的挡风屏作用下的列车气动力系数,并研究了列车在不同车速下的临界倾覆风速。
5、采用ANSYS对已选挡风屏类型进行模态分析,确定挡风屏结构固有特性与列车脉动风频率的关系。
In the running of high speed train on wind load effect is very sensitive, train flow around the issue of research is very important, its main performance is:train and air caused by the interaction of a series of influence of train energy consumption, safety, comfort and environmental hazard of aerodynamic problems. For driving on the bridge of high speed train, its under strong cross-wind stability problem appears more outstanding, active measures must be taken to ensure the stability of trains under strong cross-wind. Based on bridges running on the train as the object, the CFD numerical simulation and wind tunnel model test, studied at the bridge at different heights, different ventilation rate setting windscreen on train aerodynamic characteristics influence. The results show that, the bridge structure is arranged on the windscreen can obviously reduce the train for the aerodynamic force, and when the bridge is provided with4m,20%ventilation rate wind screen structure is most reasonable. Secondly, in order to ensure the structural safety of a windscreen, the commercial finite element software ANSYS on the windscreen and modal analysis, the determination of the natural frequencies of structures, with the train of fluctuating wind frequency relative ratio, proved the windscreen in trains structure under pulsating wind resonance phenomenon does not occur.
1. Based on the finite volume method, the flow equations are spatially discretized space domains and code FLUENT is used to build multi-layer hybrid grid. After a great number of trial calculation, the size of solution region is determined. STT k-eddy viscosity coefficient model is chosen to model turbulent flow in Reynalds time-averaged equations.
2.The two-dimensional numerical simulation is used to study the train aerodynamic coefficient at different heights, different ventilation ratio.
3.The effectiveness of the two-dimensional numerical simulation is verified by the wind tunnel model test, and the different wind angle on train aerodynamic coefficient is considered.
4,.The train movement simulation is realized through the three-dimensional numerical simulation to test the train aerodynamic coefficient considering the windscreen which is determined by the two-dimensional numerical analysis and wind tunnel test, and the critical capsize wind speed of the different train speed is studied.
5.The modal of the selected windscreen is analyzed by ANSYS to determine the relationship between the inherent characteristics of windscreen and the train wind frequency.
本文主要研究工作如下：
1、采用FLUENT软件,基于有限体积法建立混合网格进行空间离散,通过多次试算确定模型求解域尺寸,并用雷诺时均方法的STT k-ω湍流模型实现湍流的模拟。
2、利用二维数值模拟,研究了有无挡风屏对列车气动力的影响以及设置不同高度、不同透风率挡风屏对列车的气动力的影响。
3、通过风洞模型试验的方法,验证二维数值模拟的可靠性,同时考虑不同风偏角对列车气动力的影响,并通过测定接触网处风场评估接触网的安全性。
4、通过三维数值模拟,实现对列车运动的模拟,测定由二维数值分析与风洞试验共同确定的挡风屏作用下的列车气动力系数,并研究了列车在不同车速下的临界倾覆风速。
5、采用ANSYS对已选挡风屏类型进行模态分析,确定挡风屏结构固有特性与列车脉动风频率的关系。
In the running of high speed train on wind load effect is very sensitive, train flow around the issue of research is very important, its main performance is:train and air caused by the interaction of a series of influence of train energy consumption, safety, comfort and environmental hazard of aerodynamic problems. For driving on the bridge of high speed train, its under strong cross-wind stability problem appears more outstanding, active measures must be taken to ensure the stability of trains under strong cross-wind. Based on bridges running on the train as the object, the CFD numerical simulation and wind tunnel model test, studied at the bridge at different heights, different ventilation rate setting windscreen on train aerodynamic characteristics influence. The results show that, the bridge structure is arranged on the windscreen can obviously reduce the train for the aerodynamic force, and when the bridge is provided with4m,20%ventilation rate wind screen structure is most reasonable. Secondly, in order to ensure the structural safety of a windscreen, the commercial finite element software ANSYS on the windscreen and modal analysis, the determination of the natural frequencies of structures, with the train of fluctuating wind frequency relative ratio, proved the windscreen in trains structure under pulsating wind resonance phenomenon does not occur.
1. Based on the finite volume method, the flow equations are spatially discretized space domains and code FLUENT is used to build multi-layer hybrid grid. After a great number of trial calculation, the size of solution region is determined. STT k-eddy viscosity coefficient model is chosen to model turbulent flow in Reynalds time-averaged equations.
2.The two-dimensional numerical simulation is used to study the train aerodynamic coefficient at different heights, different ventilation ratio.
3.The effectiveness of the two-dimensional numerical simulation is verified by the wind tunnel model test, and the different wind angle on train aerodynamic coefficient is considered.
4,.The train movement simulation is realized through the three-dimensional numerical simulation to test the train aerodynamic coefficient considering the windscreen which is determined by the two-dimensional numerical analysis and wind tunnel test, and the critical capsize wind speed of the different train speed is studied.
5.The modal of the selected windscreen is analyzed by ANSYS to determine the relationship between the inherent characteristics of windscreen and the train wind frequency.
引文
[1]郭瑾一,高速客运专线建设条件分析,铁道科学与工程学报,2006年1期
[2]李佳圣,列车侧风效应的数值模拟研究,西南交通大学,2004
[3]李雪冰,高速列车交会时的气流诱发振动研究,西南交通大学,2009
[4]T.W.Chiu. prediction of the aerodynamic loads on a railway train in a cross-wind at large yaw angles using an integrated two-and three- dimensional source-vortex panel method.Journalof wind Engineering and Indushrial Aerodynamics,1995,57(1):19-39.
[5]E.Anederssonl,J.Hagstrom, M.Sima, Assessment of train-overtuning risk due to strong cross-winds, J. Rail and Rapid Transit,Proe. Instn Meeh. Engrs,2004(218)Part, F:213～223.
[6]Baker, J.Jones, F.Lopez-Calleja, Measurements of the cross wind forces on trains, Journal of wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2004, 92(7-8):547-563.
[7]日比野有,风对车辆安全性的影响(译).铁道总研报告,2008
[8]马静,杨志刚,侧风下高速列车非定常空气动力特性研究,国外铁道车辆,2008
[9]计算流体力学基础及其运用,(美)约翰D.安德森(John D.Anderson)著
[10](B.E.Launder,Second-moment closure ;present and future. Inter . J . Heat Fluid Flow, 10(4):282-300,1989.)
[11]黄本才,汪从军,结构抗风分析原理及运用,同济大学出版社
[12]唐煜,桥梁挡风屏对强侧风条件下列车额运营安全性的影响,西南交通大学
[13]曾峰,侧风下车桥气动力系数数值模拟及行车安全研究,中南大学
[14]郑继平,南疆线桥梁挡风墙结构性能研究,西南交通大学
[15]汪斌,李永乐,郝超,欧阳韦,基于CFD的钝体主梁气动特性研究,第七届(2006)全国风工程和工业空气动力学学术会议论文.511-516
[16]王瑞金,张凯,王刚,Fluent七技术基础与应用实例,清华大学出版社.2003
[17]江帆,黄鹏,Fluent高级应用与实例分析,清华大学出版社,2008
[18]吴肖俊,高墩大跨连续刚构桥主梁三分力系数数值模拟研究(硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2010
[19]翟志轩,曹丰产,葛耀君.三分力系数识别风洞试验的数值方法模拟,第十二届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,2005,750-55
[20]刘海涛,强风作用下列车—汽车—桥梁时变系统的动力响应及行车安全性、舒适性研究(博士士学位论文),长沙,中南大学,2011
[21]]P.Rollet-Miet,D.Laurenee,J.ferziger, LESandRANSofturbulentflowin
[22]M.Sterling,A.DQuinn,D.M.Hargreaves,F.Cheli,E.Sabbioni,G.tomsini,D.deaunay,C.J.Bak er,H.Morvan.A comparison of different method to evaluate the wind induced forces on a high sided lorry .Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic.2008
[23]J.G.Wissink.DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a tuebine eascade with incoming wakes. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow24(4):626~635,2003
[24]D.G.E.Grigoriadis,J.G.Bartzis,A.Goulas,Effieient treatment of complex geomentries for large eddy simulation of turbulent flows.Computer and Fuid Mechanics,n440:
[25]J.O.hinze,Turbulence.McGraw-Hill,New York,1975
[26]P.Rollet-Miet,D.Laurence,J.erziger,LES and RANS of turbulent flow in Tubebundles. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,20(3):241-254,1999
[27]Ansys Inc,STT Model in CFX,Ansys.Inc.2003
[28]B.W.Smith,C.P.Barker,Design of wind sereens to bridges:experience and applieations on majothridges,Proceedings of the International symposium on Advances in Bridge Aerodynamic,Copenhagen,Balkema,1998:289-298
[29]R.Gergoire,B.Eckl.and A.Malfatti,TRANSAERO-A Major European Reseach Nov 15-19,Volume E,PP445-450,Florence,Italy(1997)
[30]H.Lienhart,Winod Monitoring System for Full Scale Tests on Trains,Proceedings of the TRANS AERO Symposium May04-05 1999,paris,France(2000)
[31]B.Schulte-Werning,A Synopsis of Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Research for modern high-speed trains,Proceedings of ECCOMAS 2000,Barcelona,11-14September 2000,(2000)
[32]R.Langand M.Schirmer:Die Entwicklung gunstiger Luftwiderstands for menfur Eisenbahn-Triebwagen,Motorechnische Zeitschrift1941 Vol.5
[33]Matschke .etal., Conclusions from TRANSAERO,a Major European Collaborative Project-Full-scale,Model-scale and CFD Comparisons of Transient Train Aerodynamic in Tunnel and Open Air,Proc.of the World Congress on Railway Research WCRR'99,Tokyo,Japan,OCT 19-23(1999)
[34]S.A.Coleman, C.J.BakerC.J.High sided roed vehieles in crosswind.Journal of Wind Engineeringand IndustrialAerodynamies,1990(36):1383-1392
[35]Diedriehs, Ben.Studies of Two Aerodynamic Effects on High-speed Trains Crosswind Stability and Discomforting Car Body Vibrations Inside Tunnels.Royal Institute of Technology Doctoral Thesis,2006
[36]R.G.Gawthorpe.Wind effects on ground transportation. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic,1994,52(1994):73-92
[37]C.Jerome,A.RaoulTrain for the 21st century,Rail International,1994,(4):2-8
[38]Hemida,Hassan:Krajnovic,Sinisa;Davidson,Lars:Large-Eddy simulation of the Flow Aroud a Sinplified High Speed Train Under the Influence of a Cross-Wind.17th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamic conference. Canada,2005
[39]黄林,廖海黎,李永乐,横向风与列车风联合作用下车桥系统绕流分析,铁道科学与工程学报,2006,3(6)
[40]师汉民,机械振动系统—分析.测试.建模.对策武汉：华中科技大学出版社
[41]吴子牛,计算流体力学基本原理,北京科学技术出版社,2001
[42]章本照,印建安,张宏基,流体力学数值方法,机械工业出版社,2003
[43]蔡树棠,刘宇陆,湍流理论,上海交通大学出版社,1993
[44]任玉新,陈海听,计算流体力学基础,清华大学出版社,2006
[45]宋洋,任尊松,强侧向风作用下的高速列车动力学性能研究,铁道车辆,2006
[46]任尊松,徐宇工,王璐雷,邱英政,强侧风对高速列车运行安全性影响研究.铁道学报,2006
[47]周丹,田红旗,杨明智等,强侧风作用下不同类型铁路货车在青藏线路堤上运行时的气动性能比较,铁道学报,2007
[48]梁习锋,熊小慧,易仕和,强侧风作用下棚车气动外形优化,国防科技大学学报,2006.
[49]陈晓冬,大跨桥梁侧风行车安全分析,同济大学博士论文
[50]赵丽滨,列车风致脉动力下声屏障的动力学性能,北京航空航天大学学报
[51]焦长洲,高波,王广地,声屏障结构的列车脉动风致振动分析,西南交大土木学院
[52]吴瑾,夏逸鸣,张丽芳,土木工程结构抗风设计
[53]董芳亭,风障对桥面风环境影响的数值模拟研究,浙江大学硕士论文
[54]刘金雨,郑维智,李蕊龙,基于ANSYS真空平板玻璃的动力学模态分析,全国性建材科技期刊.
[2]李佳圣,列车侧风效应的数值模拟研究,西南交通大学,2004
[3]李雪冰,高速列车交会时的气流诱发振动研究,西南交通大学,2009
[4]T.W.Chiu. prediction of the aerodynamic loads on a railway train in a cross-wind at large yaw angles using an integrated two-and three- dimensional source-vortex panel method.Journalof wind Engineering and Indushrial Aerodynamics,1995,57(1):19-39.
[5]E.Anederssonl,J.Hagstrom, M.Sima, Assessment of train-overtuning risk due to strong cross-winds, J. Rail and Rapid Transit,Proe. Instn Meeh. Engrs,2004(218)Part, F:213～223.
[6]Baker, J.Jones, F.Lopez-Calleja, Measurements of the cross wind forces on trains, Journal of wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2004, 92(7-8):547-563.
[7]日比野有,风对车辆安全性的影响(译).铁道总研报告,2008
[8]马静,杨志刚,侧风下高速列车非定常空气动力特性研究,国外铁道车辆,2008
[9]计算流体力学基础及其运用,(美)约翰D.安德森(John D.Anderson)著
[10](B.E.Launder,Second-moment closure ;present and future. Inter . J . Heat Fluid Flow, 10(4):282-300,1989.)
[11]黄本才,汪从军,结构抗风分析原理及运用,同济大学出版社
[12]唐煜,桥梁挡风屏对强侧风条件下列车额运营安全性的影响,西南交通大学
[13]曾峰,侧风下车桥气动力系数数值模拟及行车安全研究,中南大学
[14]郑继平,南疆线桥梁挡风墙结构性能研究,西南交通大学
[15]汪斌,李永乐,郝超,欧阳韦,基于CFD的钝体主梁气动特性研究,第七届(2006)全国风工程和工业空气动力学学术会议论文.511-516
[16]王瑞金,张凯,王刚,Fluent七技术基础与应用实例,清华大学出版社.2003
[17]江帆,黄鹏,Fluent高级应用与实例分析,清华大学出版社,2008
[18]吴肖俊,高墩大跨连续刚构桥主梁三分力系数数值模拟研究(硕士学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2010
[19]翟志轩,曹丰产,葛耀君.三分力系数识别风洞试验的数值方法模拟,第十二届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,2005,750-55
[20]刘海涛,强风作用下列车—汽车—桥梁时变系统的动力响应及行车安全性、舒适性研究(博士士学位论文),长沙,中南大学,2011
[21]]P.Rollet-Miet,D.Laurenee,J.ferziger, LESandRANSofturbulentflowin
[22]M.Sterling,A.DQuinn,D.M.Hargreaves,F.Cheli,E.Sabbioni,G.tomsini,D.deaunay,C.J.Bak er,H.Morvan.A comparison of different method to evaluate the wind induced forces on a high sided lorry .Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic.2008
[23]J.G.Wissink.DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a tuebine eascade with incoming wakes. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow24(4):626~635,2003
[24]D.G.E.Grigoriadis,J.G.Bartzis,A.Goulas,Effieient treatment of complex geomentries for large eddy simulation of turbulent flows.Computer and Fuid Mechanics,n440:
[25]J.O.hinze,Turbulence.McGraw-Hill,New York,1975
[26]P.Rollet-Miet,D.Laurence,J.erziger,LES and RANS of turbulent flow in Tubebundles. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,20(3):241-254,1999
[27]Ansys Inc,STT Model in CFX,Ansys.Inc.2003
[28]B.W.Smith,C.P.Barker,Design of wind sereens to bridges:experience and applieations on majothridges,Proceedings of the International symposium on Advances in Bridge Aerodynamic,Copenhagen,Balkema,1998:289-298
[29]R.Gergoire,B.Eckl.and A.Malfatti,TRANSAERO-A Major European Reseach Nov 15-19,Volume E,PP445-450,Florence,Italy(1997)
[30]H.Lienhart,Winod Monitoring System for Full Scale Tests on Trains,Proceedings of the TRANS AERO Symposium May04-05 1999,paris,France(2000)
[31]B.Schulte-Werning,A Synopsis of Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Research for modern high-speed trains,Proceedings of ECCOMAS 2000,Barcelona,11-14September 2000,(2000)
[32]R.Langand M.Schirmer:Die Entwicklung gunstiger Luftwiderstands for menfur Eisenbahn-Triebwagen,Motorechnische Zeitschrift1941 Vol.5
[33]Matschke .etal., Conclusions from TRANSAERO,a Major European Collaborative Project-Full-scale,Model-scale and CFD Comparisons of Transient Train Aerodynamic in Tunnel and Open Air,Proc.of the World Congress on Railway Research WCRR'99,Tokyo,Japan,OCT 19-23(1999)
[34]S.A.Coleman, C.J.BakerC.J.High sided roed vehieles in crosswind.Journal of Wind Engineeringand IndustrialAerodynamies,1990(36):1383-1392
[35]Diedriehs, Ben.Studies of Two Aerodynamic Effects on High-speed Trains Crosswind Stability and Discomforting Car Body Vibrations Inside Tunnels.Royal Institute of Technology Doctoral Thesis,2006
[36]R.G.Gawthorpe.Wind effects on ground transportation. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamic,1994,52(1994):73-92
[37]C.Jerome,A.RaoulTrain for the 21st century,Rail International,1994,(4):2-8
[38]Hemida,Hassan:Krajnovic,Sinisa;Davidson,Lars:Large-Eddy simulation of the Flow Aroud a Sinplified High Speed Train Under the Influence of a Cross-Wind.17th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamic conference. Canada,2005
[39]黄林,廖海黎,李永乐,横向风与列车风联合作用下车桥系统绕流分析,铁道科学与工程学报,2006,3(6)
[40]师汉民,机械振动系统—分析.测试.建模.对策武汉：华中科技大学出版社
[41]吴子牛,计算流体力学基本原理,北京科学技术出版社,2001
[42]章本照,印建安,张宏基,流体力学数值方法,机械工业出版社,2003
[43]蔡树棠,刘宇陆,湍流理论,上海交通大学出版社,1993
[44]任玉新,陈海听,计算流体力学基础,清华大学出版社,2006
[45]宋洋,任尊松,强侧向风作用下的高速列车动力学性能研究,铁道车辆,2006
[46]任尊松,徐宇工,王璐雷,邱英政,强侧风对高速列车运行安全性影响研究.铁道学报,2006
[47]周丹,田红旗,杨明智等,强侧风作用下不同类型铁路货车在青藏线路堤上运行时的气动性能比较,铁道学报,2007
[48]梁习锋,熊小慧,易仕和,强侧风作用下棚车气动外形优化,国防科技大学学报,2006.
[49]陈晓冬,大跨桥梁侧风行车安全分析,同济大学博士论文
[50]赵丽滨,列车风致脉动力下声屏障的动力学性能,北京航空航天大学学报
[51]焦长洲,高波,王广地,声屏障结构的列车脉动风致振动分析,西南交大土木学院
[52]吴瑾,夏逸鸣,张丽芳,土木工程结构抗风设计
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