低渗透砂岩油藏水驱开发效果评价指标与方法研究
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摘要
我国低渗透油藏的探明地质储量约占全部探明地质储量的1/4。如何开发好低渗透油藏,其意义甚为重大。我国低渗透油藏的天然弹性能量普遍较小,所以基本上都先后采取了注水保持压力的开发方式。但各低渗透油藏地质情况十分复杂,如何注水才能达到最佳开发效果始终是人们关注的问题。因此,对注水开发低渗透油田的水驱开发效果进行科学的评价,对于进一步搞好油藏注水开发,为实施调整挖潜措施提供可靠依据以及提高油藏最终采收率都具有十分重要的意义。本文在借鉴以往对中高渗透油藏注水开发效果评价的一些方法和原理的基础上,考虑到低渗透砂岩油藏普遍具有启动压力梯度这一特点,结合油藏工程、系统工程、模糊数学、层次分析原理等方法,首先给出了四种确定低渗透砂岩油藏启动压力梯度的方法,针对宝浪油田宝北区块确定出其平均启动压力梯度,然后讨论了启动压力梯度对低渗透砂岩油藏水驱开发效果的影响,最后创新性的针对低渗透砂岩油藏的水驱开发效果从三个方面即水驱开发潜力、水驱开发效果和水驱开发人为控制因素等进行了科学的评价。各个方面都建立了相应的评价指标和评价标准及计算方法。其中为了对低渗透砂岩油藏含水上升规律进行评价,创新性的引入了含水上升率评价指标、评价标准及计算方法。经过本文对低渗透砂岩油藏宝浪油田宝北区块水驱开发效果评价的实例分析,得到了和生产实际相符合的评价结果,证明本文提出的评价指标、评价标准与计算方法切实可行。
In China, 1/4 proven reserves of all the proven reserves is in low permeability reservoir. How to develop low permeability reservoir efficiently is of great significance. The original elastic energy in low permeability reservoir is generally small, so all the oil fields early or late adopt water flooding to keep the pressure of the low permeability reservoir. But the geology in all the low permeability reservoirs is very complex. How to water flood to get the best development effect is always what people concerns about. Therefore, evaluating the water flooding effect of low permeability reservoir scientifically is of great importance to deepen the water flooding and offer reliable reference of carrying out the measures of exploring the potential reserves as well as increase the oil recovery. Drawing lessons from the evaluation methods and principles of water flooding in exploring the middle-high permeability reservoirs, taking the fact that all the tow permeability reservoirs are of threshold pressure gradient(TPG) into account, with the methods of oil reservoir engineering, system engineering, fuzzy mathematics and principle of hierarchy analysis, we firstly produce 4 methods to determine the TPG of low permeability reservoir. With those 4 methods, we determined the TPG of Baobei block, Baolang oilfield. Then, we discussed the impact of TPG on the water flooding effect in low permeability reservoir. Finally, we evaluated the water flooding effect of low permeability sandstone reservoir innovatively and scientifically in three ways: potential of water flooding, effect of water flooding and man-controlled factors of water flooding. In each way, we created corresponding evaluation indices, evaluation criteria and calculating methods. And we produced evaluation index of increased rate of water cut innovatively in order to evaluate the containing water rising regular in low permeability sandstone reservoir. By analyzing the water flooding effect of Baobei block, Baolang oilfield, we got results that match produce, which proves that the evaluation indices, evaluation criteria and the calculating methods produced by this paper are reliable and applicable.
In China, 1/4 proven reserves of all the proven reserves is in low permeability reservoir. How to develop low permeability reservoir efficiently is of great significance. The original elastic energy in low permeability reservoir is generally small, so all the oil fields early or late adopt water flooding to keep the pressure of the low permeability reservoir. But the geology in all the low permeability reservoirs is very complex. How to water flood to get the best development effect is always what people concerns about. Therefore, evaluating the water flooding effect of low permeability reservoir scientifically is of great importance to deepen the water flooding and offer reliable reference of carrying out the measures of exploring the potential reserves as well as increase the oil recovery. Drawing lessons from the evaluation methods and principles of water flooding in exploring the middle-high permeability reservoirs, taking the fact that all the tow permeability reservoirs are of threshold pressure gradient(TPG) into account, with the methods of oil reservoir engineering, system engineering, fuzzy mathematics and principle of hierarchy analysis, we firstly produce 4 methods to determine the TPG of low permeability reservoir. With those 4 methods, we determined the TPG of Baobei block, Baolang oilfield. Then, we discussed the impact of TPG on the water flooding effect in low permeability reservoir. Finally, we evaluated the water flooding effect of low permeability sandstone reservoir innovatively and scientifically in three ways: potential of water flooding, effect of water flooding and man-controlled factors of water flooding. In each way, we created corresponding evaluation indices, evaluation criteria and calculating methods. And we produced evaluation index of increased rate of water cut innovatively in order to evaluate the containing water rising regular in low permeability sandstone reservoir. By analyzing the water flooding effect of Baobei block, Baolang oilfield, we got results that match produce, which proves that the evaluation indices, evaluation criteria and the calculating methods produced by this paper are reliable and applicable.
引文
[1] R. K. Guthrie, M. H. Greenberger. The Use of Multiple Correlation Analysis for Interpreting Petroleum Engineering Data. Drill and Prod, API (1985): 130-137
[2] F. F. Wright. Field Results Indicate Significant Advances in Water Flooding. JPT, (OCT, 1958): 12
[3] N. Parts and C. S. Matthews. Prediction of Injection Rate and Production History for Muttifluid Five-Spot Floods. JPT (May, 1959): 98
[4] 1994
[5] 阎庆来等.低渗透油层渗流机理研究.低渗透油田开发技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[6] 阎庆来、何秋轩等.低渗透储层中油水渗流规律的研究.低渗透油气藏勘探开发技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[7] 李道品等.低渗透砂岩油田开发.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[8] 裘怿楠、刘雨芬等.低渗透砂岩油藏开发模式.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[9] 邓英尔、刘慈群.具有启动压力梯度的油水两相渗流理论与开发指标计算方法.石油勘探与开发,1998,6(25):36-39
[10] 杨正明等.低渗透油田产量递减规律及水驱特征曲线.石油勘探与开发,2000,3(27):63-65
[11] 宋付权、刘慈群.低渗透油藏水驱采收率影响因素分析.大庆石油地质与开发,2000,1(19):31-32,36
[12] 李云鹃、胡永乐.低渗透砂岩油藏注水见效时间与井距关系.石油勘探与开发,1999,3(26):84-86
[13] 姜瑞忠、侯建峰.低渗透油藏压裂井网的水驱采收率与井网密度探讨.大庆石油地质与开发,2002,2(21):19-20
[14] 张慧生、宋付权.低渗透油藏毛管压力在水油两相中的作用.复旦学报(自然科学版),2002,5(41):483-486
[15] 邓英尔、刘慈群.低渗透油藏非线性渗流规律数学模型及其应用.石油学报,2001,4(22):72-76
[16].宋付权、刘慈群.含启动压力梯度油藏的两相渗流分析.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,3(23):47-50,56
[17] 程时清、陈明卓.油水两相低速非达西渗流数值模拟.石油勘探与开发,1998,1(25):41-43
[18] 兰玉波、肖鲁川等.描述特低渗透油层两相渗流特征的改进方法.大庆石油地质与开发,2002,2(21):23-25
[19] 阎庆来等.低渗透油田中单相流特征的实验研究.西安石油学院学报,1990,5(2)
[20] 黄延章等.低渗透油层非线性渗流特征.特种油气藏,1997年,1
[21] 黄延章等.低渗透油层渗流机理.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[22] 11, 1951
[23] 依·里·马尔赫辛.油层物理化学机理(俄译本).北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[24] Wiggins M L, Russell J E, Jennings J W. Analytical development of Vogel-type inflow performance relationships[C]. SPE23580, 1992: 155-163
[25] 陈元千.油气藏工程计算方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[26] 黄炳光、唐海等.水驱开发难易程度评价指标体系与评价方法.西南石油学院学报,1999,4
[27] 张锐.评价预测油田注水效果的一种方法.石油勘探与开发,1995,4
[28] 秦同洛.实用油藏工程方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[29] 肖淳芳.模糊数学在石油工业中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[30] 范江等.二次加密后井网适应性研究.石油勘探与开发,1998(4)
[31] N. C. Ward law & R. p. Tyler. Mercury Capillary Pressure Cure and the Interpretation of Pore Structure and Capillarv Behavior in Reservoir Rock. BCPG, 1976, 2(24)
[32] 张锐.应用存水率曲线评价油田注水效果.石油勘探与开发,1992,2
[33] 黄炳光等.实用油藏工程与动态分析方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[34] 油气田开发标准(合定本Ⅲ).北京:石油工业出版社,1997年
[35] 中国石油天然气总公司.中华人民共和国能源部石油行业标准.油藏天然能量评价方法.1989
[36] [苏]B.T.巴伊舍夫等.油田开发过程的调整.北京:石油工业出版社,1983年
[37] 赵焕臣.层次分析法.北京:科学出版社,1986年
[38] 胡复唐、刘顺生等。砂砾岩油藏开发模式.新疆石油管理局,1996
[39] 李忠平等.低孔低渗油藏合理井网密度确定方法.河南石油,2001,15(4):19-21
[40] 杨正明等.低渗透油田产量递减规律及水驱特征曲线.石油勘探与开发,2000,(3):63-65.
[41] 郑祥克等.利用IPR方法确定启动压力.石油学报,2003,24(2):80-82
[42] 宋付权、刘慈群等.用压力恢复试井资料求油藏启动压力梯度.油气井测试,1999,8(3):5-7
[2] F. F. Wright. Field Results Indicate Significant Advances in Water Flooding. JPT, (OCT, 1958): 12
[3] N. Parts and C. S. Matthews. Prediction of Injection Rate and Production History for Muttifluid Five-Spot Floods. JPT (May, 1959): 98
[4] 1994
[5] 阎庆来等.低渗透油层渗流机理研究.低渗透油田开发技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[6] 阎庆来、何秋轩等.低渗透储层中油水渗流规律的研究.低渗透油气藏勘探开发技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[7] 李道品等.低渗透砂岩油田开发.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[8] 裘怿楠、刘雨芬等.低渗透砂岩油藏开发模式.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[9] 邓英尔、刘慈群.具有启动压力梯度的油水两相渗流理论与开发指标计算方法.石油勘探与开发,1998,6(25):36-39
[10] 杨正明等.低渗透油田产量递减规律及水驱特征曲线.石油勘探与开发,2000,3(27):63-65
[11] 宋付权、刘慈群.低渗透油藏水驱采收率影响因素分析.大庆石油地质与开发,2000,1(19):31-32,36
[12] 李云鹃、胡永乐.低渗透砂岩油藏注水见效时间与井距关系.石油勘探与开发,1999,3(26):84-86
[13] 姜瑞忠、侯建峰.低渗透油藏压裂井网的水驱采收率与井网密度探讨.大庆石油地质与开发,2002,2(21):19-20
[14] 张慧生、宋付权.低渗透油藏毛管压力在水油两相中的作用.复旦学报(自然科学版),2002,5(41):483-486
[15] 邓英尔、刘慈群.低渗透油藏非线性渗流规律数学模型及其应用.石油学报,2001,4(22):72-76
[16].宋付权、刘慈群.含启动压力梯度油藏的两相渗流分析.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,3(23):47-50,56
[17] 程时清、陈明卓.油水两相低速非达西渗流数值模拟.石油勘探与开发,1998,1(25):41-43
[18] 兰玉波、肖鲁川等.描述特低渗透油层两相渗流特征的改进方法.大庆石油地质与开发,2002,2(21):23-25
[19] 阎庆来等.低渗透油田中单相流特征的实验研究.西安石油学院学报,1990,5(2)
[20] 黄延章等.低渗透油层非线性渗流特征.特种油气藏,1997年,1
[21] 黄延章等.低渗透油层渗流机理.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[22] 11, 1951
[23] 依·里·马尔赫辛.油层物理化学机理(俄译本).北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[24] Wiggins M L, Russell J E, Jennings J W. Analytical development of Vogel-type inflow performance relationships[C]. SPE23580, 1992: 155-163
[25] 陈元千.油气藏工程计算方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[26] 黄炳光、唐海等.水驱开发难易程度评价指标体系与评价方法.西南石油学院学报,1999,4
[27] 张锐.评价预测油田注水效果的一种方法.石油勘探与开发,1995,4
[28] 秦同洛.实用油藏工程方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[29] 肖淳芳.模糊数学在石油工业中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[30] 范江等.二次加密后井网适应性研究.石油勘探与开发,1998(4)
[31] N. C. Ward law & R. p. Tyler. Mercury Capillary Pressure Cure and the Interpretation of Pore Structure and Capillarv Behavior in Reservoir Rock. BCPG, 1976, 2(24)
[32] 张锐.应用存水率曲线评价油田注水效果.石油勘探与开发,1992,2
[33] 黄炳光等.实用油藏工程与动态分析方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[34] 油气田开发标准(合定本Ⅲ).北京:石油工业出版社,1997年
[35] 中国石油天然气总公司.中华人民共和国能源部石油行业标准.油藏天然能量评价方法.1989
[36] [苏]B.T.巴伊舍夫等.油田开发过程的调整.北京:石油工业出版社,1983年
[37] 赵焕臣.层次分析法.北京:科学出版社,1986年
[38] 胡复唐、刘顺生等。砂砾岩油藏开发模式.新疆石油管理局,1996
[39] 李忠平等.低孔低渗油藏合理井网密度确定方法.河南石油,2001,15(4):19-21
[40] 杨正明等.低渗透油田产量递减规律及水驱特征曲线.石油勘探与开发,2000,(3):63-65.
[41] 郑祥克等.利用IPR方法确定启动压力.石油学报,2003,24(2):80-82
[42] 宋付权、刘慈群等.用压力恢复试井资料求油藏启动压力梯度.油气井测试,1999,8(3):5-7