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收入结构视角下我国农民收入问题研究
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摘要
现阶段,我国国情决定了农业、农村、农民问题是社会主义市场经济面临的一个最基本的问题,并在今后相当长一段时期内,这个问题仍将成为影响我国改革与发展的关键。从目前来看,我国“三农”问题主要反映在农民收入上,农民收入持续稳定增长,对于完成我国经济的转型起着至关重要的作用,是影响国民经济持续发展和社会稳定的重要因素。在农业和农村经济发展面临的诸多困难中,最突出的依然是农民增收缓慢问题。因此,农民增收困难问题是“十二五”时期应着力解决的重要课题。“十二五”规划就提出“要拓宽农民增收渠道、提高农民职业能力和创收能力”。近年来,我国农民收入问题性质发生了显著变化,各种收入的非均衡增长使得农户收入增长的源泉发生了“质”的变化。因此,基于农民收入结构视角研究农民收入这一问题更有利于揭示农民收入增长的深层次原因,能够客观反映农民在自身及外部环境发生变化时农民收入及其结构变化规律特征。
     本文在前人研究基础之上,系统分析了我国农民收入总量和结构的变动规律,探讨农村居民收入结构变动的作用机制,深入分析我国农民收入波动特征及收入影响因素,为促进农民稳步增收对策的提出提供了客观的依据。根据拟定的研究目的,本文主要内容和结构安排具体如下:
     第1章:引言。主要介绍本文的研究背景、研究目的和意义、相关概念、研究的主要内容和方法,研究技术路线及研究可能创新点与不足之处。
     第2章:农民收入相关理论基础与文献综述。首先,依据我国经济发展的现实对农民收入的相关理论进行分析,然后,通过对国内外研究现状进行梳理发现,目前,国内学者从农民收入结构角度研究农民收入主要集中于收入结构变化现状进行分析,而较少关注农民收入构成部分各自的演变规律,为了弥补这一方面的不足,本文从收入结构视角对农民增收问题展开研究。
     第3章:我国农民收入历史变迁与现状分析。本章首先对改革开放以来我国农民收入增长的阶段进行划分,并对每个阶段农民收入增长变化的原因进行深入分析;其次,对农民收入的来源结构及不同来源对农民收入的贡献率进行了分析;接着分析了我国农民收入问题主要表现的几个方面,如绝对水平较低、增速缓慢、城乡收入差距较大、务农不富等;最后运用制度经济学和发展经济学理论从制度变迁、产业结构变迁及城市化进程三个方面对农民收入结构变动机制进行分析。
     第4章:我国农民家庭经营收入变迁及其影响因素分析。本章首先对改革开放以来我国农民家庭经营收入增长状况进行分析,在此基础上,对农民家庭经营收入增长波动特征及波动原因进行探究,发现我国农民家庭经营收入增长存在明显的周期性波动,从改革开放以来,基本可以划分为8个周期;最后利用微观调研数据对农民家庭经营收入的影响因素进行实证研究。
     第5章:我国农民工资性收入变迁及其影响因素分析。本章首先对改革开放以来我国农民工资性收入增长状况及变化规律进行分析;接着对农民工资性收入增长波动特征及波动原因进行探讨,发现农民工资性收入存在明显的周期性波动,改革初期,农民工资性收入增长率波动频繁,且波动幅度比较大,但是随后表现出相对收敛趋势,波动频率和波幅都有所减小,总体来看,基本可以划分为7个周期;最后利用微观调研数据对农民工资性收入的影响因素进行实证研究。
     第6章:我国农民转移性收入和财产性收入变迁及其影响因素分析。本章首先对改革开放以来我国农民转移性收入和财产性收入增长状况进行分析;接着对农民转移性收入和财产性收入增长波动特征及波动原因进行探讨,发现转移性收入增长呈现出明显的阶段性变化,且农民转移性收入增长率与名义GDP增长率波动从整体趋势来看波形较为相似,也具有一定的周期性,但是波动幅度相对较大,从波谷和波峰对比可知农民转移性收入增长率具有滞后性,滞后期大致为1年。而财产性收入增长率波动则比较频繁,但增长率波动幅度越来越小,呈现收敛趋势;最后对农民转移性收入和财产性收入的影响因素进行定性和定量分析。
     第7章:我国农民收入的区域性差异。本章首先对我国不同区域农民收入差异状况进行分析;接着利用聚类分析方法对我国不同地区农民收入按结构进行分类,大致可以分为四类,对不同类别农民收入特征进行分析;最后探讨了我国农民收入结构区域性差异的原因。
     第8章:结论及政策建议。本章在前文研究结论的基础上,提出具有针对性的政策建议。
At the present stage, the national situation had determined that the problems facingChina's agriculture、rural areas and farmers are considered as a fundamental problem whichthe socialist market economy faced. The problems will still be the key to impacting China'sreform and development for the future. Currently, problems facing China's agriculture、rural areas and farmers mainly focused on the income of farmers, the sustained and steadygrowth of the farmers income plays a crucial role in the completion of China's economictransformation and is also one of the important factors in affecting sustained developmentof the national economy and social stability. The stagnant increase of farmers’ incomebecame the most important problem faced in the agricultural and rural economicdevelopment. Therefore, the problem of stagnant increase of farmer’s income is animportant issue which should strive to resolve in the12th Five-Year Plan Period. TheTwelfth Five-Year Plan proposed to broaden the sources of farmer’s income and improvefarmers' occupation ability. In recent years, significant changes had taken place in theproperty of farmers’ income. The non-balanced growth of the various income led thesources of growth in farmer's income have changed in nature. Based on the sources ofincome of the farmers, it is conducive to reveal the deep-seated causes of the growth offarmers' income and can reflect objectively the characteristics of the income of thefarmers and their structural when farmers itself and the external environment changes.
     Based on the previous researches, the dissertation systematically analyzed the law thatthe total and the structure of farmer’s income changes, then it explored the mechanism ofthe changes in the structure of farmers' income and studies the characteristics offluctuations and influencing factors in farmers' income. It provided objective basis formaking policies to increase farmers’ income steadily and reduce fluctuations in farmers'income. According to the intended purpose, the main structure and contents of this paperare as follows.
     First is the introduction part, in which the background, purpose and significance ofresearch, as well as the researching literature, approaches, innovation points andinadequacies were introduced.
     The second chapter is the analysis of the theory and the classic literature review offarmers’ income. Firstly, analyzed the theory of farmers' income combined with the realityof China's economic development. Then according to the current situation of the researchesat home and abroad, the conculsion can be drawn that the previous studies mainly focus onthe status of income’s structure changes and less concerned about the evolution of farmers'income sources. In order to make up less than need, the dissertation studied on the problemof farmers’ income based on income structure.
     The third chapter is the analysis of the developing history of farmers’ income and themechanism that income structure changes. Firstly, divided the stage of growth of farmers'income in China since the reform and opening on and study the reasons that the growth offarmers’ income changes in each stage. Secondly, analyzed the sources of farmers’ incomeand the contribution rate of the different sources of income to the farmers’ income. Thenanalyzed the main problems in the process of farmers' income increasing, such as the lowerlevel of growth, slow growth and the larger income disparity between city and country.Finally, using the theory of institutional economics and development economics explore the mechanism of farmers’ income structure changes from three aspects, such asinstitutional change, industrial Structure change and the process of urbanization.
     The fourth chapter is the analysis of the developing history of farmers’ householdincome and the influencing factors that affect increasing farmers’ household income.Firstly, this chapter analyzed the developing history of farmers’ household income, On thisbasis studies the characteristics of household income fluctuations and the reason for thefluctuation. It found that there was significant cyclical fluctuations in farmers’ operatingincome growth which can be divided into eight periods since the reform and opening up.At last, using micro survey data made an empirical analysis of the impact factors of thehousehold income.
     The fifth chapter is the analysis of the developing history of farmers’ householdincome and the influencing factors that affect increasing farmers’ wage income. Firstly,this chapter analyzed the developing history of farmers’ household income, on this basisstudied the characteristics of household income fluctuations and the reason for thefluctuation. It found that there was also significant cyclical fluctuations in farmers’ wageincome growth which can be divided into seven periods since the reform and opening up.At the initial stage of the reform, wage income growth rate fluctuates frequently and showa bigger variation, but subsequently showed the trend of relative convergence, fluctuationsboth in the frequency and amplitude were decreasing. At last, using micro survey datamade an empirical analysis of the impact factors of the wage income.
     The sixth chapter is the analysis of the developing history of farmers’ transfer incomeand property income and the influencing factors that affected increasing farmers’ transferincome and property income. Firstly, analyzed the developing history of farmers’ transferincome and property income. Then studied the characteristics of farmers’ transfer incomeand property income fluctuations and the reason for the fluctuation, found that the transferincome growth showing a significant step change, the waveform of growth rate of farmers’transfer income and GDP was similar and also had a certain periodicity, but had largefluctuations. Seen from the trough and crest showing, found that the transfer incomegrowth rate has lagged behind approximately1year. However, property income growthrate fluctuations were more frequent and growth rate volatility became smaller and smaller,had a convergence trend. Finally, analyzed the factors that affected the transfer income andproperty income.
     The seventh chapter is the analysis regional differences of farmers’ income. Firstly,analyzed the differences in different regions farmers' income, then made an empiricalanalysis usingcluster analysis method according to the structure of the income of farmersin different areas in China and discussed the characteristics of the different categories. Atlast, explored the reasons of regional differences of farmers' income structure.
     The eighth chapter gave some main conclusions and policy-making suggestions.Based on the research conclusion above, proposed some targeted recomendations.
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