爆炸荷载作用下防护门的动态响应行为与反弹机理研究
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摘要
国防与人防工程由于人员和设备的进出以及通风、给排水、排烟等需要，构筑有少量与外部连通的孔口，这些孔口战时极有可能成为爆炸冲击波的入口，其进入工程内部后产生的恶劣震动环境往往造成人员伤亡、设备失效，指挥系统失灵。而防护门作为口部最重要的防护设备，对保障工程在战时的整体安全具有决定性作用。本文以实际工程中典型的梁板式钢结构防护门和钢包钢管混凝土防护门为研究对象，对其在爆炸荷载作用下的动态响应行为和反弹现象进行了深入系统的理论和数值模拟研究。论文的主要内容和研究成果如下：
1.建立了考虑应变率效应和温度影响的典型梁板式钢结构防护门数值分析模型，对其动力响应及抗力进行了评估，分析了骨架梁的存在，骨架梁的数量和布置方式，梁腹板的厚度和高度，梁翼缘板的厚度和宽度，上下面板的厚度，爆距、装药量、作用时间和边界条件以及门体内填充泡沫铝材料后对防护门抗爆性能的影响规律，并结合量纲分析理论，提出了合理的工程计算模型。
2.建立了考虑应变率效应影响的混凝土和受约束混凝土的有限元分析模型，利用已有试验对模型进行了验证。基于该模型对典型钢包钢管混凝土防护门的动力响应及抗力进行了评估，分析了钢管的存在、钢管内外混凝土的强度、钢管壁的厚度、荷载作用时间等参数对防护门抗爆性能的影响规律。
3.基于分布参数体系的动力分析方法，将防护门等效为单向板（梁）或双向板，推导了爆炸荷载作用下防护门在弹性阶段的反弹力解析解，进而得到了单向板（梁）和双向板的剪力动力系数，对影响反弹力的主要因素包括边长比、荷载作用时间、阻尼、负压以及荷载形式等进行了深入研究。
4.基于等效单自由度体系的动力分析方法，将防护门等效为单自由度体系，推导了爆炸荷载作用下防护门在弹性阶段的反弹抗力计算公式，给出了常用爆炸荷载作用下的位移动力系数和反弹抗力曲线。
5.进一步建立了门框-铰页-闭锁模式的典型梁板式钢结构防护门有限元模型，对其在非线性响应条件下的反弹机理进行了数值模拟研究，充分考虑了气密条、弹性模量、铰页配置、闭锁配置、比例爆距和荷载作用时间等参数对门体反弹效应的影响规律，并给出了防护门抗反弹设计的建议。
A small amount of entrances must be built in national defence and civil defenceengineering due to the needs for staff and equipment cross through, aeration, watersupply and drainage, smoke discharge and other purposes. These entrances mightbecome the entry or channel of blast shock wave at wartime, by which the destructivevibration environment that was produced after the blast shock wave would enter into theengineering and result in casualties and failure of equipments and command systeminside. However, the blast door, as the most important protective equipment of entrance,would play a decisive role on guaranteeing the overall safety of engineering during thewartime. In this paper, the theoretical and numerical simulation research on dynamicresponse and rebound mechanism for both typical stiffened steel blast door and concretefilled steel and steel tube blast door subjected to blast loading has been conducted. Themain results are as follows:
1. The dynamic response and resistance of a typical stiffened steel blast door wasevaluated by a numerical model considering the effects of both strain rate andtemperatures. In meanwhile, all the factors that influence and regulate the blast-resistantproperties of stiffened blast door are further analyzed including the number and layoutsof stiffeners, thickness and height of beam web, thickness and width of beam flange,surface plate thickness, explosion distance, charge weight, duration of blast loading,boundary conditions and filled with aluminum foam etc. By using the dimensionalanalysis method, the more reasonable model for engineering calculations wassuccessfully established.
2. A numerical model of concrete and confined concrete was establishedconsidering the effect of strain rate, which is then verified through a series ofexperimental data obtained before. On basis of the model, the research was focused onthe evaluation of typical concrete filled steel and steel tube blast door in thecorrespondence with dynamic response and resistance. All the factors were sufficientlyanalyzed including the existing steel tube, concrete strength inside and outside steel tube,thickness of steel tube and duration of blast loading.
3. According to the dynamic method of distributed parameter system, the blastdoor was assumed to be a beam and plate and then the exact analytical formulas of rebound force on blast doors in elastic phase were derived, furthermore, the sheardynamic factors (SDF) of beam and plate were obtained too. All the factors wereanalyzed and deeply researched including the side-length ratio, duration, damping ratio,loading style and negative phase of blast loading etc.
4. During using the dynamic analysis method for the equivalent single degree offreedom (SDOF) system, the blast door was assumed to be a SDOF system. Thecalculation formulas of rebound resistance for blast doors in elastic phase subjected toblast loading were derived. In meantime, the displacement dynamic factor (DDF) andelastic rebound curves subjected to six common loads were obtained too.
5. The research further established a finite element model of typical stiffened steelblast door with regard to the door frame-hinge-latch nonlinear contact effect when therebound mechanism in plastic phase were investigated by the numerical similation. Therelevant influential effects of gaskets, modulus of elasticity, hinge and latch numbers,scaled distance, duration on the rebounding regulations were fully taken into anindividual consideration in the study. Finally, the propose and suggestions for rebounddesign of blast door were shown in the paper as well.
1.建立了考虑应变率效应和温度影响的典型梁板式钢结构防护门数值分析模型，对其动力响应及抗力进行了评估，分析了骨架梁的存在，骨架梁的数量和布置方式，梁腹板的厚度和高度，梁翼缘板的厚度和宽度，上下面板的厚度，爆距、装药量、作用时间和边界条件以及门体内填充泡沫铝材料后对防护门抗爆性能的影响规律，并结合量纲分析理论，提出了合理的工程计算模型。
2.建立了考虑应变率效应影响的混凝土和受约束混凝土的有限元分析模型，利用已有试验对模型进行了验证。基于该模型对典型钢包钢管混凝土防护门的动力响应及抗力进行了评估，分析了钢管的存在、钢管内外混凝土的强度、钢管壁的厚度、荷载作用时间等参数对防护门抗爆性能的影响规律。
3.基于分布参数体系的动力分析方法，将防护门等效为单向板（梁）或双向板，推导了爆炸荷载作用下防护门在弹性阶段的反弹力解析解，进而得到了单向板（梁）和双向板的剪力动力系数，对影响反弹力的主要因素包括边长比、荷载作用时间、阻尼、负压以及荷载形式等进行了深入研究。
4.基于等效单自由度体系的动力分析方法，将防护门等效为单自由度体系，推导了爆炸荷载作用下防护门在弹性阶段的反弹抗力计算公式，给出了常用爆炸荷载作用下的位移动力系数和反弹抗力曲线。
5.进一步建立了门框-铰页-闭锁模式的典型梁板式钢结构防护门有限元模型，对其在非线性响应条件下的反弹机理进行了数值模拟研究，充分考虑了气密条、弹性模量、铰页配置、闭锁配置、比例爆距和荷载作用时间等参数对门体反弹效应的影响规律，并给出了防护门抗反弹设计的建议。
A small amount of entrances must be built in national defence and civil defenceengineering due to the needs for staff and equipment cross through, aeration, watersupply and drainage, smoke discharge and other purposes. These entrances mightbecome the entry or channel of blast shock wave at wartime, by which the destructivevibration environment that was produced after the blast shock wave would enter into theengineering and result in casualties and failure of equipments and command systeminside. However, the blast door, as the most important protective equipment of entrance,would play a decisive role on guaranteeing the overall safety of engineering during thewartime. In this paper, the theoretical and numerical simulation research on dynamicresponse and rebound mechanism for both typical stiffened steel blast door and concretefilled steel and steel tube blast door subjected to blast loading has been conducted. Themain results are as follows:
1. The dynamic response and resistance of a typical stiffened steel blast door wasevaluated by a numerical model considering the effects of both strain rate andtemperatures. In meanwhile, all the factors that influence and regulate the blast-resistantproperties of stiffened blast door are further analyzed including the number and layoutsof stiffeners, thickness and height of beam web, thickness and width of beam flange,surface plate thickness, explosion distance, charge weight, duration of blast loading,boundary conditions and filled with aluminum foam etc. By using the dimensionalanalysis method, the more reasonable model for engineering calculations wassuccessfully established.
2. A numerical model of concrete and confined concrete was establishedconsidering the effect of strain rate, which is then verified through a series ofexperimental data obtained before. On basis of the model, the research was focused onthe evaluation of typical concrete filled steel and steel tube blast door in thecorrespondence with dynamic response and resistance. All the factors were sufficientlyanalyzed including the existing steel tube, concrete strength inside and outside steel tube,thickness of steel tube and duration of blast loading.
3. According to the dynamic method of distributed parameter system, the blastdoor was assumed to be a beam and plate and then the exact analytical formulas of rebound force on blast doors in elastic phase were derived, furthermore, the sheardynamic factors (SDF) of beam and plate were obtained too. All the factors wereanalyzed and deeply researched including the side-length ratio, duration, damping ratio,loading style and negative phase of blast loading etc.
4. During using the dynamic analysis method for the equivalent single degree offreedom (SDOF) system, the blast door was assumed to be a SDOF system. Thecalculation formulas of rebound resistance for blast doors in elastic phase subjected toblast loading were derived. In meantime, the displacement dynamic factor (DDF) andelastic rebound curves subjected to six common loads were obtained too.
5. The research further established a finite element model of typical stiffened steelblast door with regard to the door frame-hinge-latch nonlinear contact effect when therebound mechanism in plastic phase were investigated by the numerical similation. Therelevant influential effects of gaskets, modulus of elasticity, hinge and latch numbers,scaled distance, duration on the rebounding regulations were fully taken into anindividual consideration in the study. Finally, the propose and suggestions for rebounddesign of blast door were shown in the paper as well.
引文
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