飞机典型结构件的模拟战伤试验及数值模拟
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摘要
在战争中,航空器由于受爆炸碎片、弹丸等外来物的打击而造成不可避免的结构损害并导致其丧失作战功能。近年来,随着飞机设计理论的发展,一方面从设计上提高飞机结构在撞击载荷作用下的高生存力,另一方面建立完善的损伤评估理论和技术,以便为实时抢修提供理论指导并进行快速抢修。在作战时期快速抢修并使飞机恢复作战能力显得尤为重要,所以研究建立完善的损伤理论和技术对空军来说有着十分重要的现实意义。
为了研究飞机典型结构件在常见弹丸打击下的损伤,本文选用了选用了四种典型的飞机结构件,其中一种3mm厚蒙皮结构,两种加筋结构和一种夹芯结构。采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究其在12.7mm标准机枪子弹弹丸射击下的损伤。
通过试验研究,一个由高速气炮,弹体与弹托分离机构、连续位移激光测速装置和弹丸回收装置被建立并有效的用于本文的弹丸正撞击试验。通过对四边固支的3mm厚蒙皮用12.7mm直径弹丸进行从速度从约60到300m/s的正撞击试验,得出了弹丸速度与靶板损伤尺寸的关系、弹丸速度与板件上应变变化的关系,弹丸剩余速度随弹丸撞击速度变化的关系。同时还对蒙皮板材料LY12-CZ进行了动态性能测试,并将测试结果用于数值模拟。最后利用DYNA3D程序对单蒙皮及其两种加筋板进行了弹击数值模拟,模拟结果与弹击结果比较吻合。
In the combat action, the fighter plane often suffers the unavoidable structure damage, and even leads to fighting performance losing. The most damages are due to the impact of the debris or bullets. In the recent years, with the new design theory, the high survival design concept has been introduced into the aircraft design. At the same time, to achieve real time and quick repair for the damage of the aircraft, aircraft battle damage assessment and repair (ABDAR) program are being constructed. In the wartime, it is obviously important to make quick repair to recover the fighting performance. So it has the practical significance to construct the battle damage evaluation theory and technique for the air force.To investigate the damage behavior of a typical aircraft skin to a general projectile impact, four kinds of LY12-cz plates with thickness 3mm and reinforced aircraft skins are shoot by the projectile impact. In the present paper, a Test-Simulation method was adopted to investigate the damage modes of these skins to a projectile impact with 12.7mm diameter.During testing process, an effective testing system of simulating battle damage has been developed. It consists of high pressed air-gun, an assembled projectile body and bullet-shoe design, an instantaneous velocity measurement system with laser and lens, set-up frame for the specimens, and the projectile trap box. First, LY12-cz plate with thickness 3mm are fixed around, and shoot by the projectile under the velocities varied from 60 to 300m/s. Second, reinforced aircraft skins are tested by the same process as LY12-CZ plates, the relations of the bullet velocity and plate damage size, the bullet velocity and the plate strain, the bullet velocity and the bullet residual velocity are developed. Also the dynamic mechanical capability test of the cover material LY12-cz is carried and the test result is used in the numerical simulation. The numerical simulations are performed according to the test, and the results are compared with the testing results. It shows that, the simulation technique developed in the present paper is effective to simulate battle damage of the aircraft.
为了研究飞机典型结构件在常见弹丸打击下的损伤,本文选用了选用了四种典型的飞机结构件,其中一种3mm厚蒙皮结构,两种加筋结构和一种夹芯结构。采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究其在12.7mm标准机枪子弹弹丸射击下的损伤。
通过试验研究,一个由高速气炮,弹体与弹托分离机构、连续位移激光测速装置和弹丸回收装置被建立并有效的用于本文的弹丸正撞击试验。通过对四边固支的3mm厚蒙皮用12.7mm直径弹丸进行从速度从约60到300m/s的正撞击试验,得出了弹丸速度与靶板损伤尺寸的关系、弹丸速度与板件上应变变化的关系,弹丸剩余速度随弹丸撞击速度变化的关系。同时还对蒙皮板材料LY12-CZ进行了动态性能测试,并将测试结果用于数值模拟。最后利用DYNA3D程序对单蒙皮及其两种加筋板进行了弹击数值模拟,模拟结果与弹击结果比较吻合。
In the combat action, the fighter plane often suffers the unavoidable structure damage, and even leads to fighting performance losing. The most damages are due to the impact of the debris or bullets. In the recent years, with the new design theory, the high survival design concept has been introduced into the aircraft design. At the same time, to achieve real time and quick repair for the damage of the aircraft, aircraft battle damage assessment and repair (ABDAR) program are being constructed. In the wartime, it is obviously important to make quick repair to recover the fighting performance. So it has the practical significance to construct the battle damage evaluation theory and technique for the air force.To investigate the damage behavior of a typical aircraft skin to a general projectile impact, four kinds of LY12-cz plates with thickness 3mm and reinforced aircraft skins are shoot by the projectile impact. In the present paper, a Test-Simulation method was adopted to investigate the damage modes of these skins to a projectile impact with 12.7mm diameter.During testing process, an effective testing system of simulating battle damage has been developed. It consists of high pressed air-gun, an assembled projectile body and bullet-shoe design, an instantaneous velocity measurement system with laser and lens, set-up frame for the specimens, and the projectile trap box. First, LY12-cz plate with thickness 3mm are fixed around, and shoot by the projectile under the velocities varied from 60 to 300m/s. Second, reinforced aircraft skins are tested by the same process as LY12-CZ plates, the relations of the bullet velocity and plate damage size, the bullet velocity and the plate strain, the bullet velocity and the bullet residual velocity are developed. Also the dynamic mechanical capability test of the cover material LY12-cz is carried and the test result is used in the numerical simulation. The numerical simulations are performed according to the test, and the results are compared with the testing results. It shows that, the simulation technique developed in the present paper is effective to simulate battle damage of the aircraft.
引文
[1] GJB3897—99 飞机战伤评估与修理技术手册的编制要求.中华人民共和国国家军用使用标准,1998.
[2] 飞机战伤抢修研究报告.空军第一航空学院,1998.
[3] 装备战场抢修译文专辑.军械工程学院学报。1995.12。
[4] 装备战场抢修专辑.石家庄:军械工程学院学报.1995.6.
[5] 刘云.飞机战伤修理浅论.航空维修科技专辑,1982.11。
[6] 陈学楚.现代飞机战伤修理概论.北京:空装外场部.1994
[7] 张建华等.飞机战伤抢修工程学.航空工业出版社,2001。
[8] 田金平.二十世纪九十年代及未来的飞机战伤检修.空军装备技术部,1998.
[9] 张建华,刘海沙.适应未来需要——加紧飞机战伤抢修专业建设.空军院校教育.1997.1.
[10] 抗美援朝作战空军工程机务工作经验.空军司令部.1970.
[11] JTCG/AS-94-D-002. Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (BDR) Analysis Methodology Development Requirements, 1994
[12] AD-A148898A Combat Battle Damage Assessor Expert System, 1984
[13] 聂云.国外航空教训启示录.航空工业出版社,1992。
[14] AIAA86-2689 Aircraft Battle Damage Repair Estimating procedures and Effectiveness Impacts, 1986, M. Weisenbach and G. bennett
[15] 张建华等.空军飞机战伤抢修技术总体构成及内容研究,空军—航院学报,1994.
[16] Jeffery W. Hess. Aircraft Battle Damage Repair. Aerospace America. 1992.
[17] 周平,张建华,侯日立.射弹侵彻飞机LY-12板材的试验研究.空军工程大学学报 第5卷第一期,2004年2月.
[18] N.K. Gupta, R. Ansari, S.K. Gupta. Normal impact of ogive nosed projectiles on thin plates. International Journal of Impact Engineering 25 (2001) 641—660
[19] J.G. Avery, G. T. Butch, Jr., An Aircraft Structral Combat Damage Model, AFFDL-TR-70-115, and 116, NOV, 1970
[20] 焦良,张建华,飞机整体壁板战伤修理研究.航空学报第21卷第一期2000年1月.
[21] 邢素丽,曾竟成,肖加余,军用飞机结构件战伤的复合材料快速修复技术研究概况.复合材料2003年第3期.
[22] 魏东,刘成武,魏自明,杨军良,于焕义,光固化复合材料补片在飞机蒙皮修复中的应用.
[23] 冯春晓,飞机镁合金部件修复工艺
[24] 《军用飞机结构高生存力设计指南》.中国飞机强度研究所.2000年8月.
[25] 《飞机作战生存力分析与设计基础》,R.E.Ball著,林光宇,宋笔锋主译.航空工业出版社,1998年。
[26] 《飞机结构损伤容限及高生存力设计技术研究》(“九五”国防科技预研重点项目)系列研究报告,西北工业大学飞机结构强度研究所,2000.
[27] 国军标GJB775.1-89.国防科学技术委员会颁布,1989.
[28] 国军标GJB776.1-89.国防科学技术委员会颁布.1989。
[29] 国军标GJB1378-92.国防科学技术委员会颁布,1992。
[30] 内部报告,“飞机战伤评估与修理技术”,2000年,殷云浩.
[31] “美国空军的飞机战伤修理”,航空装备技术动态,王立群.1994.11.
[32] Damage Assessment and Repair. Aerospace. September 1996
[33] J. Wallick, "Battle damage repair-Technological challenges and opportunities", AIAA Paper 95-1319-cp, 1995.
[34] Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (BDR) Analysis Methodology DevelopmentRequirements", AD-A304294, JTCG/AS-92-002, LMIJL301RDI, Revision Ⅰ, November 1994.
[35] D. H. Holcomb, "AIRCRAFT BATTLE DAMAGE REPAIR for the 90s andBeyond", AD-A278635, Au-ARI-93-4, Air University Press, March 1994.
[36] Lames A.E., Douglas W.C., "Rapid Repair of Large Area Damage to ContouredAircraft Structures", ADA-293056, 1995.
[37] Willian E. Moseley., Aircraft Battle damage Repair, Orgnic or CLSSsupport. Air Command and Staff, AD-A194043.
[38] Russel A.J., Ferguson J.S., "Composite Repair lssues on the CF-18 Aircraft". The 79th Meeting of the AGARD Structures and Materials Panel on CompositeRepair of Military Aircraft Structures, 1994.10.
[39] Atluri S.N., Park J.H., Punch E.E., et al., "Composite Repairs of CrackedMetallic Aircraft Structures", DOT/FAA/CT-92/32, 1993.5.
[40] "Meyers, Marc A. Krishan K. Chawla, "Mechanical Behavior of Materials", Uppersaddle River, New Jersey 07458, 1999 by Prentice-Hall. Inc.
[41] Meyers, Marc A., "Dynamic Behavior of Materials", A Wiley-IntersciencePublication, 1994 by John Wiley & Son, Inc.
[42] 中国航空研究院,《军用飞机疲劳·损伤容限·耐久性设计手册》,第三册,损伤容限设计,1994年.
[2] 飞机战伤抢修研究报告.空军第一航空学院,1998.
[3] 装备战场抢修译文专辑.军械工程学院学报。1995.12。
[4] 装备战场抢修专辑.石家庄:军械工程学院学报.1995.6.
[5] 刘云.飞机战伤修理浅论.航空维修科技专辑,1982.11。
[6] 陈学楚.现代飞机战伤修理概论.北京:空装外场部.1994
[7] 张建华等.飞机战伤抢修工程学.航空工业出版社,2001。
[8] 田金平.二十世纪九十年代及未来的飞机战伤检修.空军装备技术部,1998.
[9] 张建华,刘海沙.适应未来需要——加紧飞机战伤抢修专业建设.空军院校教育.1997.1.
[10] 抗美援朝作战空军工程机务工作经验.空军司令部.1970.
[11] JTCG/AS-94-D-002. Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (BDR) Analysis Methodology Development Requirements, 1994
[12] AD-A148898A Combat Battle Damage Assessor Expert System, 1984
[13] 聂云.国外航空教训启示录.航空工业出版社,1992。
[14] AIAA86-2689 Aircraft Battle Damage Repair Estimating procedures and Effectiveness Impacts, 1986, M. Weisenbach and G. bennett
[15] 张建华等.空军飞机战伤抢修技术总体构成及内容研究,空军—航院学报,1994.
[16] Jeffery W. Hess. Aircraft Battle Damage Repair. Aerospace America. 1992.
[17] 周平,张建华,侯日立.射弹侵彻飞机LY-12板材的试验研究.空军工程大学学报 第5卷第一期,2004年2月.
[18] N.K. Gupta, R. Ansari, S.K. Gupta. Normal impact of ogive nosed projectiles on thin plates. International Journal of Impact Engineering 25 (2001) 641—660
[19] J.G. Avery, G. T. Butch, Jr., An Aircraft Structral Combat Damage Model, AFFDL-TR-70-115, and 116, NOV, 1970
[20] 焦良,张建华,飞机整体壁板战伤修理研究.航空学报第21卷第一期2000年1月.
[21] 邢素丽,曾竟成,肖加余,军用飞机结构件战伤的复合材料快速修复技术研究概况.复合材料2003年第3期.
[22] 魏东,刘成武,魏自明,杨军良,于焕义,光固化复合材料补片在飞机蒙皮修复中的应用.
[23] 冯春晓,飞机镁合金部件修复工艺
[24] 《军用飞机结构高生存力设计指南》.中国飞机强度研究所.2000年8月.
[25] 《飞机作战生存力分析与设计基础》,R.E.Ball著,林光宇,宋笔锋主译.航空工业出版社,1998年。
[26] 《飞机结构损伤容限及高生存力设计技术研究》(“九五”国防科技预研重点项目)系列研究报告,西北工业大学飞机结构强度研究所,2000.
[27] 国军标GJB775.1-89.国防科学技术委员会颁布,1989.
[28] 国军标GJB776.1-89.国防科学技术委员会颁布.1989。
[29] 国军标GJB1378-92.国防科学技术委员会颁布,1992。
[30] 内部报告,“飞机战伤评估与修理技术”,2000年,殷云浩.
[31] “美国空军的飞机战伤修理”,航空装备技术动态,王立群.1994.11.
[32] Damage Assessment and Repair. Aerospace. September 1996
[33] J. Wallick, "Battle damage repair-Technological challenges and opportunities", AIAA Paper 95-1319-cp, 1995.
[34] Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (BDR) Analysis Methodology DevelopmentRequirements", AD-A304294, JTCG/AS-92-002, LMIJL301RDI, Revision Ⅰ, November 1994.
[35] D. H. Holcomb, "AIRCRAFT BATTLE DAMAGE REPAIR for the 90s andBeyond", AD-A278635, Au-ARI-93-4, Air University Press, March 1994.
[36] Lames A.E., Douglas W.C., "Rapid Repair of Large Area Damage to ContouredAircraft Structures", ADA-293056, 1995.
[37] Willian E. Moseley., Aircraft Battle damage Repair, Orgnic or CLSSsupport. Air Command and Staff, AD-A194043.
[38] Russel A.J., Ferguson J.S., "Composite Repair lssues on the CF-18 Aircraft". The 79th Meeting of the AGARD Structures and Materials Panel on CompositeRepair of Military Aircraft Structures, 1994.10.
[39] Atluri S.N., Park J.H., Punch E.E., et al., "Composite Repairs of CrackedMetallic Aircraft Structures", DOT/FAA/CT-92/32, 1993.5.
[40] "Meyers, Marc A. Krishan K. Chawla, "Mechanical Behavior of Materials", Uppersaddle River, New Jersey 07458, 1999 by Prentice-Hall. Inc.
[41] Meyers, Marc A., "Dynamic Behavior of Materials", A Wiley-IntersciencePublication, 1994 by John Wiley & Son, Inc.
[42] 中国航空研究院,《军用飞机疲劳·损伤容限·耐久性设计手册》,第三册,损伤容限设计,1994年.