基于Spot5的重庆市区新增建设用地监测研究
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摘要
随着我国内地城市化的不断推进,重庆市各地区均出现不同程度的建设用地增长,导致了农用地与建设用地之间的土地利用矛盾。本论文结合RS. GIS和GPS技术的3S技术理论,通过分析现有研究方法及成果,采用了一整套合理有效的技术路线对重庆市区2006年至2008年间的SPOT5遥感影像进行重庆市区的土地利用动态监测的研究。
本文首先通过对不同波段间相关系数及单波段信息量的大小进行融合方法的比较评价,选择出用于研究影像的最佳波段组合；使用基于统计信息的客观评价方法从信息熵、平均梯度和偏差三个方面综合考虑土地利用变化信息提取的需求,按照波段的组合原则,从HIS变换、PCA变换以及Brovey变换中确定了最佳的融合融合方法为Brovey变换；利用基础控制资料和重庆市区的数字高程模型,通过使用严格物理模型或有理函数模型对影像进行投影差改正和地理编码进行正射纠正,最后得到清晰、准确的研究区域DOM,以提高监测精度；综合计算机自动监测辅以人工监督的方式,利用两个时相的DOM,采用图像差值、光谱特征变异、主成分分析、波段替换等计算机自动发现变化信息的方法,初步确定变化信息的位置,然后结合人工判读和解译来控制精度,提取变化的建设用地和农用地信息,对重庆市区城市新增建设用地的现状及其变化特点进行系统地分析,得到了重庆市2006-2008年土地利用变化的位置、面积和类型；并对DOM和动态监测的结果结合外业实测的GPS控制点进行了精度评价,验证研究方法的实验精度可靠有效；依据以上的研究结果为基础,对监测信息进行统计汇总后,分析重庆市市区新增建设用地的年度变化情况,变化类型和变化轨迹；统计结果表明重庆市市区新增建设用地各区都有不同程度的变化,其类型主要是由耕地、非耕农用地以及未利用地三种类型转化而来；通过建立重庆市市区土地利用驱动力指标体系同时进行相关分析、主成分分析,结果表明：重庆市市区新增建设用地的驱动力因子可归纳为经济因子、人口增长因子、技术进步因子和政策制度因子四大方面,进而建立了重庆市区土地利用变化驱动力综合模型,用以反应各驱动因子作用的差异。本文最后通过分析重庆市区的上地利用变化的结论,分别从土地管理、产业结构、生态重建和经济发展四个方面提出了重庆市区的土地持续利用对策与措施。对今后深入研究重庆市市区建设用地的发展趋势以及提高城市建设用地土地利用率乃至推动区域经济发展等都有重要的参考意义。
Each region of Chongqing appeared different degree of construction land growth, along with the development of the urbanization in mainland China, leading to the contradictions between the land for farmland or the construction. This paper combining RS, GIS and GPS technology of3S technique theory, and trough the analysis of existing research methods and achievements, using a set of reasonable and effective technology route to research Chongqing land use dynamic monitoring conditions of Chongqing city based on the2006-2008SPOT5remote sensing images.
This paper first through the comparison between different bands correlation coefficient and the size of the single band information to evaluate and choice the best band combination for the image fusion; Using the objective evaluation method based on the statistical information consideration comprehensively of the land use change information extraction needs from the information entropy, average gradient and deviation three aspects, then according to the principle of the band combination chose the best fusion fusion method namely Brovey transformation from HIS transformation, PCA transform and Brovey transform. In order to improve the precision of monitoring, orthorectified the image using basic control material and Chongqing digital elevation model then get the clear, accurate research area DOM, Integrated computer automatic monitoring and artificial supervision mode, with two phases of the DOM, uses the image difference, spectral features variation, principal component analysis, band and replace etc. automatic method, determined primarily the position of the change information, then combining with artificial interpretation and interpretation to control precision, extract the change information about construction land and farmland, systematic analysis the urban area of Chongqing new construction land present situation and its change characteristics, finally get the2006-2008in Chongqing land use change of position, size and type; And evaluated the DOM and dynamic monitoring in the precision combined with the field measured GPS control points, validation study methods of experiment precision reliable effective; Based on the above research results, statistical collect monitoring information, then analysis the Chongqing city new construction land annual change, change type and change track. Statistical results show that the new construction land in Chongqing district has a different degree of change, its type is mainly composed of cultivated land, the agricultural crops and unused land; Through the establishment of Chongqing urban land use driving force index system and the related analysis, principal component analysis, the results showed that:Chongqing urban new construction land driving force factor can be reduced to economic factor, population growth factor, technological progress factor and policy system factor four aspects, then establishes the Chongqing urban land use change driving force comprehensive model to react the differences between these driving factors. This paper finally through analyzing the Chongqing city land use change conclusion, put forward four aspects of the Chongqing sustainable land use countermeasures and measures, separately from the land management, industrial structure and ecological reconstruction and economic development No matter about further research in the future of Chongqing urban construction land development trends or improve the urban construction land and land utilization or promote regional economy development, it all have the important reference meanings.
本文首先通过对不同波段间相关系数及单波段信息量的大小进行融合方法的比较评价,选择出用于研究影像的最佳波段组合；使用基于统计信息的客观评价方法从信息熵、平均梯度和偏差三个方面综合考虑土地利用变化信息提取的需求,按照波段的组合原则,从HIS变换、PCA变换以及Brovey变换中确定了最佳的融合融合方法为Brovey变换；利用基础控制资料和重庆市区的数字高程模型,通过使用严格物理模型或有理函数模型对影像进行投影差改正和地理编码进行正射纠正,最后得到清晰、准确的研究区域DOM,以提高监测精度；综合计算机自动监测辅以人工监督的方式,利用两个时相的DOM,采用图像差值、光谱特征变异、主成分分析、波段替换等计算机自动发现变化信息的方法,初步确定变化信息的位置,然后结合人工判读和解译来控制精度,提取变化的建设用地和农用地信息,对重庆市区城市新增建设用地的现状及其变化特点进行系统地分析,得到了重庆市2006-2008年土地利用变化的位置、面积和类型；并对DOM和动态监测的结果结合外业实测的GPS控制点进行了精度评价,验证研究方法的实验精度可靠有效；依据以上的研究结果为基础,对监测信息进行统计汇总后,分析重庆市市区新增建设用地的年度变化情况,变化类型和变化轨迹；统计结果表明重庆市市区新增建设用地各区都有不同程度的变化,其类型主要是由耕地、非耕农用地以及未利用地三种类型转化而来；通过建立重庆市市区土地利用驱动力指标体系同时进行相关分析、主成分分析,结果表明：重庆市市区新增建设用地的驱动力因子可归纳为经济因子、人口增长因子、技术进步因子和政策制度因子四大方面,进而建立了重庆市区土地利用变化驱动力综合模型,用以反应各驱动因子作用的差异。本文最后通过分析重庆市区的上地利用变化的结论,分别从土地管理、产业结构、生态重建和经济发展四个方面提出了重庆市区的土地持续利用对策与措施。对今后深入研究重庆市市区建设用地的发展趋势以及提高城市建设用地土地利用率乃至推动区域经济发展等都有重要的参考意义。
Each region of Chongqing appeared different degree of construction land growth, along with the development of the urbanization in mainland China, leading to the contradictions between the land for farmland or the construction. This paper combining RS, GIS and GPS technology of3S technique theory, and trough the analysis of existing research methods and achievements, using a set of reasonable and effective technology route to research Chongqing land use dynamic monitoring conditions of Chongqing city based on the2006-2008SPOT5remote sensing images.
This paper first through the comparison between different bands correlation coefficient and the size of the single band information to evaluate and choice the best band combination for the image fusion; Using the objective evaluation method based on the statistical information consideration comprehensively of the land use change information extraction needs from the information entropy, average gradient and deviation three aspects, then according to the principle of the band combination chose the best fusion fusion method namely Brovey transformation from HIS transformation, PCA transform and Brovey transform. In order to improve the precision of monitoring, orthorectified the image using basic control material and Chongqing digital elevation model then get the clear, accurate research area DOM, Integrated computer automatic monitoring and artificial supervision mode, with two phases of the DOM, uses the image difference, spectral features variation, principal component analysis, band and replace etc. automatic method, determined primarily the position of the change information, then combining with artificial interpretation and interpretation to control precision, extract the change information about construction land and farmland, systematic analysis the urban area of Chongqing new construction land present situation and its change characteristics, finally get the2006-2008in Chongqing land use change of position, size and type; And evaluated the DOM and dynamic monitoring in the precision combined with the field measured GPS control points, validation study methods of experiment precision reliable effective; Based on the above research results, statistical collect monitoring information, then analysis the Chongqing city new construction land annual change, change type and change track. Statistical results show that the new construction land in Chongqing district has a different degree of change, its type is mainly composed of cultivated land, the agricultural crops and unused land; Through the establishment of Chongqing urban land use driving force index system and the related analysis, principal component analysis, the results showed that:Chongqing urban new construction land driving force factor can be reduced to economic factor, population growth factor, technological progress factor and policy system factor four aspects, then establishes the Chongqing urban land use change driving force comprehensive model to react the differences between these driving factors. This paper finally through analyzing the Chongqing city land use change conclusion, put forward four aspects of the Chongqing sustainable land use countermeasures and measures, separately from the land management, industrial structure and ecological reconstruction and economic development No matter about further research in the future of Chongqing urban construction land development trends or improve the urban construction land and land utilization or promote regional economy development, it all have the important reference meanings.
引文
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[2]摆万奇.深圳市土地利用动态趋势分析[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(2)：112-117.
[3]张学强,基于3S的土地利用动态监测技术与应用研究[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
[4]梁长秀,基于RS和GIS的北京市土地利用/覆被变化研究[D].北京林业大学博士学位论文,2009.
[5]陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观指数分类、应用及构建研究[J].应用生态学报,2002(01)：121-125.
[6]陈佑启,Peter HVerburg基于GIS的中国土地利用变化及其影响模型[J].生态科学,2000,19(3)：1-7.
[7]曲福玲,基于遥感和GIS的库尔勒市土地利用动态监测研究[D].新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[8]程昌秀,严泰来,朱德海,张玮.GIS与RS集成的高分辨率遥感影像分类技术在地类识别中的应用[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3)：50-54.
[9]蔡华利.基于SVM的多源遥感分类的竹林信息提取方法研究[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[10]樊杰,吕听.简论人地关系地域系统研究的核心领域——土地利用变化[J].地学前缘2002,9(4).
[11]冯仲科,郝星耀,臧淑英.土地利用/土地覆盖变化动态方程的建立与分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(增刊2)：5-8.
[12]傅伯杰,蔡运龙,李秀彬等.环渤海地区土地利用变化与土地持续利用模式.中国科学院生态环境研究中心[Z].国家科技成果,2002.
[13]侯洪升,基于SPOT5高分辨率影像的城市新增建设用地监测研究[D].山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[14]高志强,刘纪远,庄大方.基于遥感和GIS的中国土地资源生态环境质量同人口分布的关系研究[J].遥感学报,1999,3(1)：66-70.
[15]白利妮,贵州典型喀斯特地区不同尺度土地利用变化的驱动力研究[D].贵州师范大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[16]康慕谊,江源,石瑞香.NECT样带1984-1996土地利用变化分析[J].地理科学,2000,20(2)：115-120.
[17]苏大伟,基于灰色系统理论的城乡统筹就业研究[D].西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[18]李平,李秀彬,刘学军.我国现阶段土地利用变化驱动力的宏观分析[J]..地理研究,2001,20(2)：129～138.
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