马头热电分公司人力资本投资风险评价及控制策略研究
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摘要
人力资本对经济发展的作用,随着知识经济时代的到来已经变得越来越重要。在社会主义市场经济体制的背景下,企业竞争的核心仍然是人才的竞争。在国有企业改制过程中,人力资本是推动企业发展的核心要素,人力资本的优化配置必然要求企业进行制度创新。而企业的制度创新,又将促进人力资本的形成和发展。对我国企业人力资本投资进行研究、降低风险,提高其使用效率,具有重要的意义。
本文首先介绍了人力资本的概念及理论,从宏观上分析了我国企业人力资本投资的现状,介绍了人力资本风险的概念、专家评价方法、模糊评价方法,提出了评价电力企业人力资本投资风险的指标体系。以马头发电分公司为例,指出了该公司人力资本投资中员工培训不足的问题,针对企业存在的问题,提出了优化人力资本培训投资的对策和措施,如:根据企业的需要确定培训内容(符合实际的培训需求);选择有针对性的培训方法;合理分担培训成本,达到预期的培训效果。应用AHP方法和模糊评价法对该公司的人力资本投资风险进行了评价。在此基础上,开展了规避人力资本投资风险的研究,提出了控制并降低风险的具体措施。为我国发电型企业在提高人力资本培训投资效率和控制风险方面,提出了有价值的策略和可操作的方法,对改善我国企业人力资本投资状况、降低人力资本风险具有较好的借鉴作用,提出的对策及建议,对于构建国有企业治理结构和激励机制具有较好的应用价值。本文的创新点在于系统地研究了电力企业人力资本投资的风险评价体系,评价了马头发电分公司的人力资本投资风险状况,提出了规避风险的策略。
Human capital for economic and social development role,with the arrival of the era of the knowledge economy has become increasingly important. In the background of the socialist market economic system, the core of the enterprise competition is still talent competition. In the process of restructuring state-owned enterprise, the human capital is to promote the development of the enterprise core essential factor, the optimal allocation of human capital necessary requirement for enterprise system innovation. And the enterprise system innovation will promote the formation and development of human capital .It has vital significance to studies our country enterprise human capital to invest in training to reduce risk for improving the use efficiency.
The first introduced the concept of human capital,from on macroscopic analyzes the present situation of enterprise human capital investment, and introduces the concept of human capital risk, expert evaluation methods, fuzzy evaluation method, finally puts forward evaluation the electric power enterprise human capital investment risk index system. Case to Matou Power Branch, points out the company human capital investment in the problem of insufficient staff training. Aimed at the existing problems, and proposes the countermeasures of human capital training investment and measure. For example, According to the need of the enterprise determine training content (with practical training needs ) ; choose targeted training methods; rational sharing training costs, to achieve the desired effect of training. Applied the AHP method and fuzzy evaluation method on the company's human capital investment risk is evaluated. On that basis, Carried out to avoid the risk of human capital investment, proposed control and concrete measures to reduce risk. For our power generation enterprises in improving human capital training investment efficiency and control risk, it puts forward valuable strategy and operational methods. To improve the situation of human capital investment and reduce the risk of human capital has a good reference. It has good application value to construct a state-owned enterprise governance structure and incentive mechanism put forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
本文首先介绍了人力资本的概念及理论,从宏观上分析了我国企业人力资本投资的现状,介绍了人力资本风险的概念、专家评价方法、模糊评价方法,提出了评价电力企业人力资本投资风险的指标体系。以马头发电分公司为例,指出了该公司人力资本投资中员工培训不足的问题,针对企业存在的问题,提出了优化人力资本培训投资的对策和措施,如:根据企业的需要确定培训内容(符合实际的培训需求);选择有针对性的培训方法;合理分担培训成本,达到预期的培训效果。应用AHP方法和模糊评价法对该公司的人力资本投资风险进行了评价。在此基础上,开展了规避人力资本投资风险的研究,提出了控制并降低风险的具体措施。为我国发电型企业在提高人力资本培训投资效率和控制风险方面,提出了有价值的策略和可操作的方法,对改善我国企业人力资本投资状况、降低人力资本风险具有较好的借鉴作用,提出的对策及建议,对于构建国有企业治理结构和激励机制具有较好的应用价值。本文的创新点在于系统地研究了电力企业人力资本投资的风险评价体系,评价了马头发电分公司的人力资本投资风险状况,提出了规避风险的策略。
Human capital for economic and social development role,with the arrival of the era of the knowledge economy has become increasingly important. In the background of the socialist market economic system, the core of the enterprise competition is still talent competition. In the process of restructuring state-owned enterprise, the human capital is to promote the development of the enterprise core essential factor, the optimal allocation of human capital necessary requirement for enterprise system innovation. And the enterprise system innovation will promote the formation and development of human capital .It has vital significance to studies our country enterprise human capital to invest in training to reduce risk for improving the use efficiency.
The first introduced the concept of human capital,from on macroscopic analyzes the present situation of enterprise human capital investment, and introduces the concept of human capital risk, expert evaluation methods, fuzzy evaluation method, finally puts forward evaluation the electric power enterprise human capital investment risk index system. Case to Matou Power Branch, points out the company human capital investment in the problem of insufficient staff training. Aimed at the existing problems, and proposes the countermeasures of human capital training investment and measure. For example, According to the need of the enterprise determine training content (with practical training needs ) ; choose targeted training methods; rational sharing training costs, to achieve the desired effect of training. Applied the AHP method and fuzzy evaluation method on the company's human capital investment risk is evaluated. On that basis, Carried out to avoid the risk of human capital investment, proposed control and concrete measures to reduce risk. For our power generation enterprises in improving human capital training investment efficiency and control risk, it puts forward valuable strategy and operational methods. To improve the situation of human capital investment and reduce the risk of human capital has a good reference. It has good application value to construct a state-owned enterprise governance structure and incentive mechanism put forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
引文
[1]赵秋成.我国中西部人口素质与人力资本投资.管理世界, 2000, (1): 12-20
[2]秦元元.我国人力资本的现状分析及发展途径.辽宁大学学报, 1999, (3): 23-25
[3]孙强.人力资本与中国经济的持续增长.云南财贸学院学报, 1999, (3): 10-13
[4]朱巧琳.职业教育乃我国进入二十一世纪的“第二希望工程”.中国人力资源开发, 1997, (5): 3-9
[5] [美]西奥多·舒尔茨.论人力资本投资.北京经济学院出版社, 1990
[6]林丽琼.投资经济学.北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1999
[7]何承金.人力资本管理.成都:四川大学出版社, 2000
[8]张德.人力资源开发与管理.清华大学出版社, 2001(第二版).
[9]盛运华.人力资源价值、投资与收益分析,中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), 2002.
[10]尹波,孙会良.论人力资本的基本特点.企业经济, 2002, (8): 23—26
[11]吴国存,王金营,张再生.企业人力资本投资,北京:经济管理出版社, 1999.
[12]阴红.人力资本投资管理与运营基础, www. hr. com. cn (中国企业人力资源网).
[13]李乾文,张玉利.夕}国学者论我国创业活动的特征与创业研究趋势[J],外国经济与管理, 2004
[14]周业新.国有企业人力资本投资弱化的原因及其对策.企业经济, 2003, (7): 15—18
[15]陈捷.政府在人力资本投资中的多重角色.江西行政学院学报, 2003, (3): 45—46
[16]雷蒙德·A·诺伊.雇员培训与开发.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2001.
[17]詹姆斯·w·沃克.人力资源战略.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2001.
[18]朱舟.人力资本投资的成本收益分析.上海:上海财经大学出版社, 1999.
[19]舒尔茨.论人力资本投资.北京:北京经济学院出版社, 1992.
[20]雅各布·明塞尔.人力资本研究.北京:中国经济出版社, 2001.
[21]马丁·所罗门.培训战略与实务.北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司. 2002.
[22]高文举.培训管理.广东:广东经济出版社, 2001.
[23]许秀菊.强化企业人力资源培训.中国人力资源开发, 2001(4): 18—22
[24]张建伟.企业内部培训方法的比较和选择.经济管理, 2001(13): 13—20
[25]俊一.如何让培训为企业创造价值.中外管理, 2001(2): 12—14
[26]刘仲文.人力资源会计.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社, 1997.
[27]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2004.北京:中国统计出版社, 2004.
[28]许琴.企业人力资本投资风险分析与防范.时代经贸, 2011,第2期
[29]阙春萍,周毕芬.企业人力资本投资风险的理论分析与对策探讨.福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,第1期
[30]张正勇,廖奎试析人力资本投资风险及其防范.财会月刊, 2008,第3期
[31]王启民.企业人力资本投资风险及规避策略研究.湖南水利水电, 2010 ,第1期
[32]张燕.企业的人力资本投资风险与管理.东方企业文化,2010,第8期
[33]王秀丽,侯理想,常静.产学研合作中的人力资本投资风险因素研究.科技进步与对策, 2010,第6期
[34]刘鸣声.论企业人力资本投资风险管理.企业家天地, 2010,第11期
[35]王海燕.中小企业人力资本投资风险评价分析.经济研究导刊, 2010,第34期
[36]赵秀清.组织人力资本投资风险及原因的新探讨.技术经济与管理研究, 2011,第2期
[37]李洪波,杨兰.企业人力资本投资风险评估.江苏大学学报(社会科学版),2010,第5期
[38]赵修文.基于人力资本特性分析的企业人力资本投资风险及其规避.商场现代化.2007,第6期
[39]赵秀清.从系统角度探讨人力资本投资风险的规避.科技情报开发与经济, 2010,第32期
[40] Hartog, Joop,Van Ophem, Hans,Bajdechi, Simona, Maria. Simulating the Risk of Investment in Human Capital .Education Economics, 0964-5292, 2007, 15卷, 3期, 259-276页
[41] Zhang, W.-q.,Wang, H.-c., Chen, M.-y. Risk, Control and Human Capital Investment. JOURNAL- SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY -CHINESE EDITION-,1006-2467, 20040101,38卷, PART 3期,438页,共3页
[42] Sheldon Leader . Human Rights, Risks, and New Strategies for Global Investment . Journal of International Economic Law , 1369-3034, 2006, 2006期
[43] Maribu, Karl Magnus;Fleten, Stein-Erik.Combined Heat and Power in Commercial Buildings: Investment and Risk Analysis . Energy Journal , 0195-6574, 2008, 29卷, 2期, 123页
[44] Holburn, Guy ;Lui, Kerri ;Morand, Charles. Policy Risk and Private Investment in Ontario''s Wind Power Sector. Canadian Public Policy - Analyse de Politiques, 0317-0861, 20101201, 36卷, 4期
[45] Guy Holburn;Kerri Lui;Charles Morand. Policy Risk and Private Investment in Ontario's Wind Power Sector ; Canadian Public Policy, 0317-0861, 2010, 36卷, 4期, 465页,共486页
[46] Agovska, A.; Kirkova, R.; Dincheva, E. Human Environment in Nuclear Power Plant and Health Risk. JOURNAL OF BALKAN ECOLOGY, 1311-0527, 20010101,5卷,73-78页
[47] Wesleyan Medical Sickness, Wesleyan Medical Sickness;Wesleyan Medical Sickness, Wesleyan Medical Sickness.Investments and risk.British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 1462-3935, 2008,69卷,3期,172页
[48] Charlotte Christiansen;Juanna Schr?ter Joensen;Helena Skyt Nielsen.The risk-return trade-off in human capital investment ; Labour Economics, 0927-5371, 2007,4卷,6期, 971页,共986页
[49]William M. James.. Research Technology management.. Industrial Research Institute, Inc January—February 2002.
[50] Booth, A. Private Sector Training and Graduate Earnings. Roll of Economics and Statistics. 1993, (12): 20—23
[2]秦元元.我国人力资本的现状分析及发展途径.辽宁大学学报, 1999, (3): 23-25
[3]孙强.人力资本与中国经济的持续增长.云南财贸学院学报, 1999, (3): 10-13
[4]朱巧琳.职业教育乃我国进入二十一世纪的“第二希望工程”.中国人力资源开发, 1997, (5): 3-9
[5] [美]西奥多·舒尔茨.论人力资本投资.北京经济学院出版社, 1990
[6]林丽琼.投资经济学.北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1999
[7]何承金.人力资本管理.成都:四川大学出版社, 2000
[8]张德.人力资源开发与管理.清华大学出版社, 2001(第二版).
[9]盛运华.人力资源价值、投资与收益分析,中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), 2002.
[10]尹波,孙会良.论人力资本的基本特点.企业经济, 2002, (8): 23—26
[11]吴国存,王金营,张再生.企业人力资本投资,北京:经济管理出版社, 1999.
[12]阴红.人力资本投资管理与运营基础, www. hr. com. cn (中国企业人力资源网).
[13]李乾文,张玉利.夕}国学者论我国创业活动的特征与创业研究趋势[J],外国经济与管理, 2004
[14]周业新.国有企业人力资本投资弱化的原因及其对策.企业经济, 2003, (7): 15—18
[15]陈捷.政府在人力资本投资中的多重角色.江西行政学院学报, 2003, (3): 45—46
[16]雷蒙德·A·诺伊.雇员培训与开发.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2001.
[17]詹姆斯·w·沃克.人力资源战略.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2001.
[18]朱舟.人力资本投资的成本收益分析.上海:上海财经大学出版社, 1999.
[19]舒尔茨.论人力资本投资.北京:北京经济学院出版社, 1992.
[20]雅各布·明塞尔.人力资本研究.北京:中国经济出版社, 2001.
[21]马丁·所罗门.培训战略与实务.北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司. 2002.
[22]高文举.培训管理.广东:广东经济出版社, 2001.
[23]许秀菊.强化企业人力资源培训.中国人力资源开发, 2001(4): 18—22
[24]张建伟.企业内部培训方法的比较和选择.经济管理, 2001(13): 13—20
[25]俊一.如何让培训为企业创造价值.中外管理, 2001(2): 12—14
[26]刘仲文.人力资源会计.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社, 1997.
[27]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2004.北京:中国统计出版社, 2004.
[28]许琴.企业人力资本投资风险分析与防范.时代经贸, 2011,第2期
[29]阙春萍,周毕芬.企业人力资本投资风险的理论分析与对策探讨.福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,第1期
[30]张正勇,廖奎试析人力资本投资风险及其防范.财会月刊, 2008,第3期
[31]王启民.企业人力资本投资风险及规避策略研究.湖南水利水电, 2010 ,第1期
[32]张燕.企业的人力资本投资风险与管理.东方企业文化,2010,第8期
[33]王秀丽,侯理想,常静.产学研合作中的人力资本投资风险因素研究.科技进步与对策, 2010,第6期
[34]刘鸣声.论企业人力资本投资风险管理.企业家天地, 2010,第11期
[35]王海燕.中小企业人力资本投资风险评价分析.经济研究导刊, 2010,第34期
[36]赵秀清.组织人力资本投资风险及原因的新探讨.技术经济与管理研究, 2011,第2期
[37]李洪波,杨兰.企业人力资本投资风险评估.江苏大学学报(社会科学版),2010,第5期
[38]赵修文.基于人力资本特性分析的企业人力资本投资风险及其规避.商场现代化.2007,第6期
[39]赵秀清.从系统角度探讨人力资本投资风险的规避.科技情报开发与经济, 2010,第32期
[40] Hartog, Joop,Van Ophem, Hans,Bajdechi, Simona, Maria. Simulating the Risk of Investment in Human Capital .Education Economics, 0964-5292, 2007, 15卷, 3期, 259-276页
[41] Zhang, W.-q.,Wang, H.-c., Chen, M.-y. Risk, Control and Human Capital Investment. JOURNAL- SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY -CHINESE EDITION-,1006-2467, 20040101,38卷, PART 3期,438页,共3页
[42] Sheldon Leader . Human Rights, Risks, and New Strategies for Global Investment . Journal of International Economic Law , 1369-3034, 2006, 2006期
[43] Maribu, Karl Magnus;Fleten, Stein-Erik.Combined Heat and Power in Commercial Buildings: Investment and Risk Analysis . Energy Journal , 0195-6574, 2008, 29卷, 2期, 123页
[44] Holburn, Guy ;Lui, Kerri ;Morand, Charles. Policy Risk and Private Investment in Ontario''s Wind Power Sector. Canadian Public Policy - Analyse de Politiques, 0317-0861, 20101201, 36卷, 4期
[45] Guy Holburn;Kerri Lui;Charles Morand. Policy Risk and Private Investment in Ontario's Wind Power Sector ; Canadian Public Policy, 0317-0861, 2010, 36卷, 4期, 465页,共486页
[46] Agovska, A.; Kirkova, R.; Dincheva, E. Human Environment in Nuclear Power Plant and Health Risk. JOURNAL OF BALKAN ECOLOGY, 1311-0527, 20010101,5卷,73-78页
[47] Wesleyan Medical Sickness, Wesleyan Medical Sickness;Wesleyan Medical Sickness, Wesleyan Medical Sickness.Investments and risk.British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 1462-3935, 2008,69卷,3期,172页
[48] Charlotte Christiansen;Juanna Schr?ter Joensen;Helena Skyt Nielsen.The risk-return trade-off in human capital investment ; Labour Economics, 0927-5371, 2007,4卷,6期, 971页,共986页
[49]William M. James.. Research Technology management.. Industrial Research Institute, Inc January—February 2002.
[50] Booth, A. Private Sector Training and Graduate Earnings. Roll of Economics and Statistics. 1993, (12): 20—23