嵌入式可重构数控系统及其关键技术研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
可重构制造系统是未来制造系统的发展方向,而实现面向设备级的重构是实现可重构制造系统的基础和关键。只有作为主要制造设备的数控机床具备可重构的特性,才有可能实现制造系统的可重构。数控系统的可重构性已成为衡量现代数控系统性能优劣的重要指标之一。
     当今随着芯片技术的发展,嵌入式微处理器正成为后PC时代的主流,并向高速、智能化的方向发展,其在功能、结构、接口、通信等方面都具有优越性,这些优越性都很好的满足了现代数控的发展需求。并且90年代末,随着嵌入式Linux、uCOS等开源嵌入式操作系统的出现,更是为嵌入式系统在现代数控上面的应用提供了广阔的天地。但是目前国内外基于嵌入式系统的数控开发刚处于起步阶段,大多是针对具体数控应用需求而定制开发的,而且嵌入式系统存在资源有限性、平台相关性等特点。这使得数控系统开发难度大,周期长,系统的可重构性不高。
     因此,本文针对嵌入式环境下,数控系统的可重构实现及其关键技术展开研究。论文从方法论的角度分析并研究了嵌入式可重构数控系统的体系结构,研究了可重构数控系统的软件实现问题和嵌入式可重构数控系统实时多任务的调度问题,在此基础上,研制了嵌入式可重构数控系统的集成开发环境原型。最后将研究成果应用于水射流数控系统和全自动线束机数控系统的开发上,通过实际应用验证研究结果的合理性和可行性。具体研究内容如下:
     1、研究了目前数控系统体系结构,并对可重构数控系统的复杂性进行充分分析,指出了数控系统体系结构对于可重构数控系统的支配作用。通过对方法论的研究,提出了解决数控系统复杂性问题的具体策略。在其指导下,分析了数控系统的构成、信息流、行为、模块连接,提出了基于活动对象的轻量级软件总线的可重构数控系统体系结构。并对基于方法论的系统可重构实现过程进行简要描述。
     2、分析了现有的构件标准模型,针对嵌入式资源有限、平台差异大、可靠性高等特性,提出了一种嵌入式数控构件模型ECRNC。研究了ECRNC模型主要构成元素,给出其构件规约和实现方式。分析了层次软件总线特点,给出其关键实现技术。
     3、分析了数控系统的多任务运行的特殊性,结合嵌入式运算资源的有限性,提出一种混合实时任务层次调度算法。在一级调度上用DRM保证实时任务的底限不丢失,在二级调度上采用了动态规划和贪婪相结合的策略调度实时任务的可选部分,保证了带宽的利用,克服了传统混合调度算法处理器利用率受限制、系统开销较大和非周期部分响应时间长的问题。
     4、分析了现有的构件库的表示方法,建立了面向嵌入式数控构件的刻面表示模型,从而将构件的描述展开为一棵刻面描述树。通过研究刻面描述树,将构件描述和构件检索间的匹配模型转化为树型结构化描述之间的匹配模型,并给出其实现算法。针对检索适配后,多个可行的系统选择方案,提出适应性分析模型,并首次将模糊层次分析法应用于构件系统方案的适应性分析中,并通过实例分析其有效性。由此建立了可重构数控系统集成开发环境原型。
     5、基于上述工作并为验证之,研制了水射流数控系统和线束机数控系统。
The reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) is a direction of future manufacturing system. It includes system-level reconfiguration and machine-level reconfiguration. Computerized numerical controlled (CNC) machines are the main parts of manufacturing system. It is possible to realize RMS if a CNC machines has the capability of reconfiguration. This capability has become one of the performance indexes to modem CNC machines.
     With the development of semiconductors technologies, the embedded micro-processor is becoming the mainstream of the post PC market. It is high-speed, small, powerful, multi functional, and integrates high performance core with a rich set of peripheral functions focused on communication. These advantages greatly satisfy the development of the modem CNC machines. Besides some embedded operating systems, such as embedded Linux, uCOS, based on GNU software,is robust and open sources, provide widely application space for CNC machines controller based on embedded system. As the beginning step based on embedded system at home and abroad, most CNC systems have been developed according to their specific request, together with the resource limit and platform relativity of the embedded system, which make development hard, long time and reconfiguration impossible.
     This thesis emphasizes on CNC system reconfiguration and its key technology based on embedded system. It analyses the architecture of embedded reconfigurable CNC system from the point of view of the methodology. Then study the software and multi-task schedule algorithm of the reconfigurable CNC system, and a prototype of reconfigurable CNC system IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is built up. In the end the water-jet CNC system and wiring harness CNC system have been developed to verify the research result. The details are organized as follows:
     The current architecture and complexity of the CNC system have been researched, with the result that the architecture is the fundament of the reconfigurable CNC system. Based on the research of the methodology, the exact polices to solve the complexity of the CNC system have been put forward. With these polices, the thesis analyzes the structure, the communication, the behavior and the connection of the CNC system, and bring forward a light software bus architecture based on activity object. Then a brief description about reconfigurable process has been given.
     Analyzing current standard component models, and considering the software and hardware characteristic of embedded system, such as limited source, great difference between platforms, high requirement of dependability, ECRNC (Embedded Component for Reconfigurable Numerical Controller) a component model used for embedded reconfigurable numerical controller is proposed in this thesis. The elements of the ECRNC, description of the component and the implement also have been researched. And according the characteristic of the software bus, some key technologies about realization have been given.
     Analyzing the particularity of multi-task schedule in CNC system, this thesis provides a hierarchical scheduling algorithm of real-time tasks. The algorithm guarantees that the deadlines of real-time tasks will not be missed by using DRM strategy on the first level and makes good use of bandwidth by applying the dynamic programming and greedy strategy to the scheduling of the optional components of real-time tasks on the second level. The algorithm overcomes the difficulties of the traditional hybrid scheduling algorithms such as the restriction of processor utilization, the high system overhead and the long responsive time.
     Researching the representing methods of software components, the representing method based on facet model for embedded CNC system is suggested. So a method based on tree inclusion is proposed to retrieve reusable components classified in faceted scheme, which combines the theory of tree matching and the feature of faceted classification scheme. And aim at multi schemes from tree matching, an adaptability analyzing model based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is brought forward to choose optimal adaptability selection. An example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this model. And a prototype of NC system IDE is built up.
     Based on the achievements mentioned above, a water-jet CNC system and wiring hamess CNC system with reconfigurable architecture have been developed successfully.
引文
[1] 刘飞.制造自动化的广义内涵、研究现状和发展趋势[J].机械工程学报,1999,1(1):1-5.
    [2] 肖田元.虚拟制造[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.8.
    [3] 徐翀.基于一般系统学的现代制造复杂性研究.博士后研究工作报告,2006.12.
    [4] 赵伟,刘晓冰,许登峰.制造生产模式的演变与敏捷制造[J].工业工程,1999,2(3):13-17.
    [5] Hitomi K. Automation its concept and a short history[J]. Technovation, 1994, 14(2): 121-128.
    [6] 孙林岩,汪建.先进制造模式的概念、特征及分类集成[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2001,21(2):27-32.
    [7] Koren Y, U lsoy A G. ReconfigurableM anufacturing System s [R]. Engineering Research Center for Reconfigurable Machining Systems Report No. 1, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan, 1997.
    [8] Mehrabi M G, Ulsoy A G, Koren Y. Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems- Key to Future Manufacturing [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 2000, 11 (4) : 403-409.
    [9] 任思成,徐德,王芳,谭民.可重构制造系统研究与发展[J].制造业自动化,2005,27(3):1-5.
    [10] 盛伯浩 罗振璧 赵宏林 刘阶萍.快速重组制造系统(RRMS)——新一代制造系统的原理及应用[J].制造技术与机床,2001,8:37-44.
    [11] 赵宏林,盛伯浩,张文河,徐洁兰.快速重组制造系统中的组态原理及其实现[J].工业工程与管理,2001(2):1-4.
    [12] 罗振璧,于学军,刘阶萍,唐华,周本华,朱立强.可重构性和可重构设计理论[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(5):577-580.
    [13] 许虹,唐任仲,程耀东.可重构机床控制的模块化设计方法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2004,38(1):5-10.
    [14] 王芳,徐德,任思成,谭民.可重构制造系统的Petri网建模和分析方法[J].控制与决策,2005,20(6):660-665.
    [15] 齐继阳,竺长安.基于通用串行总线的可重构数控系统的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(12):1567-1570.
    [16] 周春宏,姚振强.可重构制造:模式、系统及关键技术[J].机械设计与研究,2006,22(2):71-74.
    [17] 龚敏,陈友东.数控技术及开放式数控系统[J].机械设计与制造,2006,2:79-81.
    [18] 章富元,方江龙,汤季安.对我国数控技术发展的思考[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(10):1100-1104.
    [19] 王宇晗,吴祖育,陆志强,李宇吴.开放式控制器对数控机床低成本改造的策略[J].机械设计与研究,2000,1:63-65.
    [20] 叶佩青,李光耀,廖文和,周儒荣.数控技术的现状和发展策略[J].机械科学与技术,1997,26(3):6-9.
    [21] 李宏伟,王太勇,薛国光,李波,林建波.基于嵌入式微控制器核心和层次化网络监控机制的开放结构数控系统的构建[J].振动与冲击,2003,22(1):47-50.
    [22] 王文,秦兴,陈子辰.基于可编程逻辑器件的可重构数控系统研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,8(7):565-569.
    [23] G. Pritschow, W. Sperling. Modular system platform for open control systems [J], Prod. Eng., 1997, 5(2):77-80.
    [24] IEC 61499——Function Blocks. International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee, 1999.
    [25] OMAC API Documentation, Version 0.23. OMAC Working Group. http:// www. isd. mel. nist. gov / project/omacapi/Bibliography/omacv023draft, pdf, 1999.
    [26] D. B. Stewart, R. A. Volpe, P.K. Khosla, Design of dynamically reconfigurable real-time software using port-based objects [J], IEEE Trans. Software Eng.,1997, 23 : 759-775.
    [27] Shige Wang, Kang G. Shin. Constructing Reconfigurable Software for Machine Control Systems [J], IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 2002, 18(4): 475-486.
    [28] Shige Wang, Kang G. Shin. Reconfigurable Software for Open Architecture Controllers Robotics and Automation[C].Proceedings 2001 ICRA. IEEE International Conference, 2001, pp.4090 - 4095.
    [29] Prischow, G. Etc. Open Architecture Controller. Annals of the CIRP, 2001, 50:2.
    [30] 文立伟,王永章,路华,富宏亚.基于开放结构控制器的可重构数控系统[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(11):1018-1022.
    [31] 王文,王威,戴晓华,陈子辰.基于COM标准的可重构数控系统研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(8):718-723.
    [32] 段黎明,王延伦,张荣,基于COM技术的开放式数控系统插补组件分析 [J].重庆大学学报,2002,25(10):35-38.
    [33] 童劲松,王东,蔡建国.适应敏捷制造的单元控制器体系结构[J].机械科学与技术,2000,19(3):473-475.
    [34] 李俊,戴先中,孟正大.可重构制造系统可重构逻辑控制器设计与实现[J].控制与决策,2005,20(4):430-433.
    [35] 林浒,蔡光起,于东,郭锐锋.基于实时组件的可重构数控系统研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(7):1152-1155.
    [36] 李伟光,赵博,周建辉,朱金华,俞烽,基于实时Linux的开放式数控系统框架[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(10):28-31.
    [37] Li Bin, Zhou Yun-fei, Tang Xiao-qi. A research on open CNC system based on architecture/component software reuse technology [J]. Computer in Industry, 2004, 55:73-85.
    [38] Park E, Tilbury D M, Khargonekar P P. A modeling and analysis methodology for modular logic controllers of machining systems using Petri net formalism [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews, 2001, 31(2):168-188.
    [39] Kalita D, Khargonekar P P. Formal verification for analysis and design of logic controllers for reconfigurable machining systems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 2002, 18(4) : 463-474.
    [40] Ohashi K, Shin K G. Model-based control for reconfigurable manufacturing systems [C]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Seoul: 2001, pp. 553-558.
    [41] Dejiu Chen, Martin Torngren. A systematic approach for identifying operational relationships in embedded computer control systems[C], Proceedings of the 30th EUROMICRO Conference, 2004, pp. 32-39.
    [42] 周建辉,陈统坚,李伟光.开放式数控系统的UML建模[J]. 现代制造工程,2004(5):20-22.
    [43] K. Feldmann et al.. Specification, design and implementation of logic controllers based on colored petri net models and the standard IEC1131 [J]. IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol., 1999, 7:657-674.
    [44] F. Jahanian, A. K. Mok. Modechart: A specification language for real-time systems [J]. IEEE Trans. Software Eng., 1994, 20:933-947.
    [45] Assar Kh. M., Ashour I.S., Saad E.M., Rashid A.M.. A New Compact Control Unit for CNC using SoCs Technology [C]. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Microelectronics. 2003, pp. 318-321.
    [46] Wittig R. D., Chow P. OneChip: an FPGA processor with reconfigurable logic [C]. IEEE Symposium on FPGAs for Custom Computing Machines, 1996, pp. 126-135.
    [47] 王文,秦兴,陈子辰,基于可编程逻辑器件的可重构数控系统研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,8(7):565-569.
    [48] Chris Rowen,复杂SoC设计[M],吴武臣,侯立刚译.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.8.
    [49] MDSI Corporation http://www, mdsi2, corn/Solutions/CNC_Controls/Flash/ default, aspx.
    [50] Open controller enabled by an advanced real-time network [EB/OL]. http: //www. fidia. It/English/research_ ocean_ fr. htm.
    [51] Enhanced Machine Controller. http://www, linuxcnc, org/.
    [52] 大连东信自动化工程有限公司.http://www.dongsin.com.cn/.
    [53] 广州数控设备有限公司 http://www.gsk.com.cn/.
    [54] 振兴我国装备制造业数控机床要先行,中国工业报,2006.6.22.
    [55] 颜泽贤,范冬萍,张华夏.系统科学导论—复杂性探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.9.
    [56] Wolfgang Sperling, Peter Lutz. Designing Applications for an OSACA Control [C]. Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, (The ASME Winter Annual Meeting) Dalles/USA, 1997. 11, pp. 16-21.
    [57] Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation Systems, EP 6379 & EP 9115 OSACA Ⅰ & Ⅱ Final Report.
    [58] OMAC: http ://www. arcweb, com/omac/.
    [59] OSEC Document Draft. Version 2.0, 1996, http ://www. sml. co. jp/osec /draft2.0.
    [60] 梁若琼,韩克礼.中华Ⅰ型数控系统[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(5):58-61.
    [61] 叶佩青,廖文和,周来水,周儒荣.基于PC平台的计算机数控(CNC)系统开发[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1997,29(2):125-130.
    [62] 雷为民,乔建中,李本忍,滕弘飞.关于软件数控的一些基本构想小型微型计算机系统[J].1999,20(2):81-87.
    [63] 张政,吴序堂,马书根,曹秉刚.基于软件化体系结构的数控机床主控系统的开发[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(2):93-97.
    [64] 王时龙,刘飞.计算机数控集成技术的发展[J].计算机集成制造系统,1998,3:45-47.
    [65] 陶桂宝,刘飞,王时龙.基于Internet的网络化制造集成技术[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2001,24(1):12-16.
    [66] 李霞,王永章,郑佳听,梁宏斌.开放式软数控系统的关键技术研究及实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003,10:6-8.
    [67] 李伟光,俞烽,朱金华,赵博,周建辉.21世纪开放式可重构数控系统的发展[J].机械工程师,2003,12:3-6.
    [68] 陈森发.复杂系统建模理论与方法[M],东南大学出版社,2005.4.
    [69] 张明亮,解旭辉,李圣怡.开放式数控体系结构的初步研究[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(11):1242-1245.
    [70] 王太勇,李宏伟,赵巍.集成化控制中的分布式智能协作体系的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8):877-881.
    [71] 蒋知峰.柔性开放式数控系统的概念及其体系结构[J].上海电机学院学报,2006(2):16-21.
    [72] 国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部.机械与制造科学[M].科学出版社,2006.2.
    [73] 苗东升,从复杂性看科学发展观[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(8):1-8.
    [74] 王军平,王安,敬忠良,陈全世,高性能运动控制在数控系统中的应用综述,信息与控制,2003,32(6):245-250.
    [75] Lee G H. Reconfigurability considerations in the design of component and manufacturing systems [J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1997, 13 (5): 376-386.
    [76] 罗振璧,于学军,刘阶萍,唐华,周本华,朱立强.可重构性和可重构设计理论[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(5):577-580.
    [77] 王成恩.制造系统的可重构性[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2000,6(8):1-5.
    [78] 万麟瑞,李绪蓉.系统集成方法学研究[J].计算机学报,1999,22(10):1025-1031.
    [79] 涂泽中,雷迅,胡蓉.对新一代综合航电系统发展的探讨[J].航空电子技术,2001,32(4):11-18.
    [80] 张本祥,颜泽贤.复杂性科学视野中的还原论问题[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2005,2(3):79-83.
    [81] 贝塔朗菲.一般系统论[M].秋同等译.北京:社科文献出版社,1987.
    [82] 沈小平,马士华.综合集成方法论应用研究[J].系统工程,2005,23(10):107-110.
    [83] 黄欣荣,吴彤.复杂性研究的若干方法论原则[J].内蒙古社会科学(汉文 版),2004,25(2):75-80.
    [84] 熊志军.论超越还原论[J].系统科学学报,2006,14(3):36-39.
    [85] 吴钢华,何永义,田应仲.曲轴非圆的恒当量磨削厚度磨削运动模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2006,17(6):587-591.
    [86] 苗东升.论系统思维(四):深入内部精细地考察系统[J].系统辩证学学报,2005,13(2):1-5.
    [87] 钱学森.创建系统学[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2001.
    [88] 张送保,张维明,刘忠,黄金才.复杂体系的结构分析和建模研究[J].国防科技大学学报,2006,28(1):62-67.
    [89] 古天龙,蔡国永,庞健雄.控制系统软件的方法论设计[J].桂林电子工业学院学,1999,19(2):1-5.
    [90] 张楚贤,李世其.复杂工程的建模仿真方法[J].系统工程,2005,23(5):98-102.
    [91] 金敏,沈德耀,周翔.面向Agent生命周期法的系统软硬件工程一般方法论[J].高技术通讯,2001,11:64-68.
    [92] 万麟瑞,胡宏,孙红星.面向构件的软件开发方法学研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(3):365-370.
    [93] 陈友东,陈五一,王田苗.基于组件的开放结构数控系统[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(6):188-192.
    [94] Hareld. Statecharts: a visual formalism for complex systems [J], Science of Computer Programming, 1987, 8(3): 231-274.
    [95] Kruth J P, Van Ginderachter T, etal. The use of finite state machines for task based Machine tool control[J]. Computers in Industry, 2001, 46:247-258.
    [96] 雷为民,于东,李本忍,等.机床控制流程的一种有限状态机表达方法[J].信息与控制,2000,29(1):47-54.
    [97] Daniel D.Gajski,Frank Vahid,Sanjiv Naraysn.嵌入式系统的描述与设计[M].边计年等译,机械工业出版社,2005.7.
    [98] 张海藩.软件工程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.5.
    [99] 张世琨,王立福,杨芙清.基于层次消息总线的软件体系结构风格.中国科学[J].2002,32(6):393-399.
    [100] Miro Samek. Practical Statecharts in C/C++ Quantum Programming for Embedded Systems [M]. CMP Books, 2002.
    [101] 王志刚,王民北,骆雷飞.一个嵌入式软件构件的NFA量化度量模型[J].计算机工程,2006,32(7):66-68.
    [102] 栾鑫颖,孙晓民.车用嵌入式开放系统的软构件研究[J].计算机应用研究, 2006,57(4):57-59.
    [103] 房红征,赵贵根,柳克俊.嵌入式组件模型研究[J].微计算机应用,2005,26(9):521-524.
    [104] ARTIST Consortium.Component-based design and integration platforms, http://www, artist -embed2ed. org / Roadmaps/A2-roadmap. pdf. 2003 , 10.
    [105] D. Urting, S. Van Baelen, To Holvoet, Y. Berbers. Embedded software development: components and contracts[C]. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Paralled and Distributed Computing and Systems, ACTA Press, 2001, pp. 685-690.
    [106] David Urting, Yolande Berbers, Stefan Van Baelen, Tom Holvoet, Yves Vandewoude, Peter Rigole. A tool for component based design of embedded software[C]. Proceedings of the Fortieth International Conference on Tools Pacific: Objects for internet, mobile and embedded applications Volume 10, 2002.
    [107] R. Ommering, F. Linden, J. Kramer. The Koala component model for consumer electronics software[J]. IEEE Computer, 2000, 33(3):78-85.
    [108] Dayang Norhayati, Abang Jawawi, Safaai Deris. Enhancements of PECOS Embedded Real-Time Component Model for Autonomous Mobile Robot Application[C]. IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2006, pp. 882-889.
    [109] Nierstrasz, G. Arkvalo, S. Ducasse, R. Wuyts, A.Black, P. Muller, C. Zeidler, T. Genssler, R. van den Born. A Component Model for Field Devices[C], Proceedings First International IFIP/ACM Working Conkrence on Component Deplo. wnent, Springer-VerlagHeidelberg, Berlin, 2002, pp. 200-209.
    [110] 吴斌,叶绿,吴朝晖.一种分布式实时嵌入式软件的构件模型Z-CCM,计算机工程与应用,2005,3:40-44.
    [111] Ben Whittle, Mark Raciffe. Software component interface descryiption for reuse[J], software engineering journal, 1992, 11:311-321.
    [112] Sindre G, et al. The REBOOT approach to software reuse [J]. System Sotfware. 1995, 30:201-212.
    [113] 徐正权,骆婷.异质可复用软构件属性模型[J].计算机应用研究,2000,17(3):48-51.
    [114] 赵俊峰,王亚沙,谢冰,杨芙清.一种支持构件服务质量的构件管理框架[J].电子学报,2004,32(12):165-168.
    [115] 李霞,王永章,梁宏斌,钟力.有限状态机在开放式数控系统中的应用[J]. 计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(3):420-424.
    [116] 张世琨,张文娟,常欣,王立福,杨芙清.基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装[J].软件学报.2001,12(9):1351-1357.
    [117] 张世琨,张文娟,常欣等.基于层次消息总线的软件体系结构描述语言[J].电子学报,2001,29(5):581-584.
    [118] 王恒,陈恳.基于设计模式的开放式数控系统软件技术研究[J].中国制造业信息化,2005,34(8):113-116.
    [119] Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,etc.设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础[M].李英军,马晓星,蔡敏,等译.北京:机械工业出版社.2000.
    [120] Gamma, Erich, Richard Helm, etc. Design patterns, elements of reusable object-oriented software[J]. Addison Wesley, 1995.
    [121] 姚鑫骅,潘雪增,傅建中,陈子辰.数控系统的混合任务模型及其最优调度算法研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2006,40(8):1315-1319.
    [122] 刘文峰,李程远,李善平.嵌入式Linux操作系统的研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2004,38(4):447-452.
    [123] 何军,孙玉方.提高软非周期任务响应性能的调度算法[J].软件学报,1998,9:721-727.
    [124] Sprunt B., Sha L., Lehoczky J. Aperiodic task scheduling for Hard-Real-Time Systems [J]. Journal of Real-Time Systems, 1989, (1).
    [125] Strosnider J. K., Lehoczky J. P., ShaL., The Defferable Server Algorithm for Enhanced Aperiodic Responsiverness in Hard Real-Time Environments [J]. IEEE Trans. Computer, 1995, 44(1) :73-91.
    [126] Lehoczky J. P., Sha L., Strosnider J. K., Enhanced Aperiodic Responsiveness in Hard- Real-Time Environments [C]. In Proceedings of the 8th Real-Time Symp., 1987, pp. 261-270.
    [127] Lehoczky J.P., Ramos Thuel S.. An optimal algorithm for scheduling soft aperiodic tasks infixed priority preemptive systems [C]. In Proceedings of the 13th Real-Time Systems Symposium, Phoenix, USA, 1992, pp.110-123.
    [128] Liu CL, Layland JW. Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard real time environment [J]. Journal of ACM, 1973, 20(1): 46-61.
    [129] Naghibzadeh M, Kim KH. A modified version of rate monotonic scheduling algorithm and its eficiency assessment [J]. In: Proc. of the 7th IEEE Int' 1 Workshop on Object-Oriented Real · Time Dependable Systems(WORDS 2002). San Diego: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002, pp. 289-294.
    [130] 陈一民,陈养彬,李菲.基于Linux的实时控制系统的调度算法研究[J].计 算机工程与科学,2005,27(9):61-65.
    [131] Sanaj Sahni.汪诗林译.数据结构算法与应用—C++语言描述[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
    [132] IBM Corporation http://www, ibm. com/developerworks/cn/linux/1-embed/partl /index. html.
    [133] BDI2000 UserManual.
    [134] FSF. GNU software, Http://sourceware, redhat, com, 2006.
    [135] DENX corporation http ://www. denx. de, 2006.
    [136] 刘韶涛,余金山,王宁生.基于复用的软构件信息分类编码系统研究[J].计算机应用研究,2006,3:171-173.
    [137] 陆明,张广泉.面向复用软件开发方法的比较与分析[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2006,26(4):11-15.
    [138] 王卓,刘大昕,冯晓宁.基于框架的软构件后缀索引构造方法研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,27(2):107-112.
    [139] Emmanuel Henry, Benoit Faller. Large-scale Industrial Reuse to Reduce Cost and Cycle Time [J]. IEEE Software, 1995.47-43.
    [140] 常继传,郭立峰,马黎.可复用软件构件的表示和检索[J].计算机科学,1999,26(5):45-49.
    [141] 罗贤缙,孟建良.电力领域构件存储及检索方法的研究与实现[J].微机发展,2005,15(5):89-91.
    [142] NATO Communications and Information System Agency. NATO Standard for Software Reuse Procedures. Volume 3. Contel Corporation, Burssels. 1991.
    [143] Seacord RC, Hissam SA, Wallnau KC. Agora a Search Engine for Component[J]. IEEE Internet computing, 1998, 12:62-70.
    [144] 常继传,李克勤,郭立峰,梅宏,杨芙清.青鸟系统中可复用软件构件的表示与查询[J].电子学报,2000,28(8):21-23.
    [145] 杨芙清,梅宏.支持软件构件复用的青鸟型系统概述[J].计算机科学,1999,26(5):50-55.
    [146] Giradi M R, Ibrabim B. Automatic indexing of software artifacts[C]. In Proc. The Third International Conference of Software Reuse: Advances in software Reusability. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1994, pp. 24-32.
    [147] Isakowitz T, Kauffman R J. Supporting search for reusable software objects [J], IEEE trans. On Software engineering, 1996, 22(6): 103-112.
    [148] Li Keqin, et al. An overview of JB component library system JBCL [C]. In Proc. TOOLS Asia'97 Beijing, China, 1997.
    [149] Frakes W B, Pole T P. Proteus: A reuse Library system that supports multiple representation methods. ACM SIGIR Forum, 1990, 12(1):43-45.
    [150] Hafedh Mili, et al. Another nail to the coffin of faceted controlled-vocabulary component classification and retrieval[C]. Proc. Of Symposium on Software Reuse'97, 1997.
    [151] 贾晓辉,陈德华,严梅,乐嘉锦,丁晓东.基于刻面描述的构件查询匹配模型及算法研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2004,41(10):1634-1638.
    [152] 王渊峰,薛云皎,等.刻面分类构件的匹配模型[J].软件学报,2003,14(3):401-408.
    [153] 王渊峰等,基于刻面描述的构件检索[J].软件学报,2002,13(8):1546-1551.
    [154] 严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1996.
    [155] 张聚广,张维石,张秀国,史金余.基于空间编码的刻面分类构件检索方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,17:153-157.
    [156] 王卓,刘大昕,冯晓宁.基于框架的软构件后缀索引构造方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,27(2):107-112.
    [157] 张吉军.模糊层次分析法(FAHP)[J].模糊系统与数学,2000,14(2):80-88.
    [158] 汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998:144-154.
    [159] 王延军,赵新泽,陈洪军.基于模糊层次分析法的切削液配方方案优选研究[J].润滑与密封.2006,181(9):148-151.
    [160] LinT Y, Liu Q. Rough approximate operators :axiomatic rough set theory [M]. Ziarko W.ed. Roughsets, fuzzy set sand knowledge discover. Berlin: Springer, 1994, pp. 256-260.
    [161] 吴伟志,张文修,徐宗本.粗糙模糊集的构造和公理化方法[J].计算机学报,2004,27(2):197-202.
    [162] 吕跃进.基于模糊一致矩阵的模糊层次分析法的排序[J].模糊系统与数学,2002,16(7):79-85.
    [163] 陈华友,赵佳宝.模糊判断矩阵的相容性研究[J].运筹与管理,2004,13(1):44-47.
    [164] 徐泽水.模糊互补判断矩阵的相容性及一致性研究[J].解放军理工大学学报,2002,3(2):94-97.
    [165] 陈文智.嵌入式系统开发原理与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
    [166] 漆昭铃.基于PowerPC的嵌入式Linux[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
    [167] http://www.abatron.ch/Files/ManGDBPPC-2000C5, pdf.
    [168] 於志文,周兴社等.基于嵌入软构件的开发技术研究[J].计算机应用研究,2003.4:12-14.
    [169] 李庚,陈明,白国政.柔性嵌入式软件开发技术研究[J].微机发展,2005,15(2):32-34.
    [170] MPC5200 USER'S MANUAL. MOTOROLA. 2003.11.
    [171] Installing Embedded Linux on the Motorola MPC5200 Lite Evaluation Board. 2004.
    [172] 蒋沭嘉,苏建良,何永义.基于MPC5200和嵌入式Linux的数控系统[J],机电工程,2005,(11):1-4.
    [173] Wenbin Wang, Tao Yu, Tan Liu. A Research on Reconfigurable Numerical Controller Based on Embedded System [C]. ICM 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, 2006.
    [174] 王文斌,俞涛,何永义.RTLinux下新型磨料水射流数控系统[J],机电工程2004,21(10):44-47.
    [175] RTAI home page.https://www.rtai.org.
    [176] 饶运涛,邹继军等.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.
    [177] 尹勇,周祖德,刘泉,李方敏,龙毅宏.嵌入式数控系统通信功能的实现[J].组合机床及其自动化,2006(2):37-39.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700