动车组维修信息通信系统车载设备可靠性设计及实现
摘要
随着我国高度铁路的建设,越来越多的动车组高速列车投入运行。如何提高列车的维修效率和质量,保证列车的安全运行是一个亟待解决的问题。目前我国的动车组所采用的维修制度不能实时的获取列车运行中的状态和故障信息,这样就不能及时制定维修计划,所以我们需要采用新技术新方法来解决。我们开发了一套基于GPRS无线通信的动车组维修信息车地通信系统,该系统可以实时采集列车运行中的的状态和故障信息,并将其通过GPRS无线通信发送到地面维修中心。这样我们就可以及时制定维修计划,提高维修效率。
本文在此系统的研发中,结合可靠性理论,主要从保障和提高系统的可靠性上展开应用研究。针对列车上的工作环境恶劣、电磁环境复杂,设备平时工作在无人值守的条件下,为了保障系统的正常可靠工作,我们主要从三方面进行了设计与实现。
第一是进行硬件的可靠性设计,根据需求进行了相关部件的选取,并对其中的关键部分电源、机箱等进行了电磁兼容设计和保护,在硬件上提高系统的可靠性。
第二是进行软件的可靠性设计,首先我们采用了在关键点插入检测点的方式对软件运行进行检测。对于严重影响系统运行的故障使用watchdog实现自恢复,其它的检测内容则写入定制的日志文件供远程监控使用。还根据需求配置了防火墙的规则,保护系统的网络安全。
第三引入了远程监控,结合系统的应用环境我们提出了一种远程监控模型,并完成相应的开发工作,这样我们可以在地面维修中心远程登录,实时掌握系统的运行情况,帮助我们分析问题,采取措施,进一步提高了系统的可靠性,
最终所开发的设备通过了电磁兼容的检测,达到了TB/T 3034—2002机车车辆电气设备电磁兼容性试验及其限值规定。对远程监控也进行了功能验证。
With the rapid development of china high speed railway, more and more EMU are put into used. In order to ensure the operation safety of EMU, how to improve the efficiency and quality of train maintenance is an urgent problem, which we must solve. At present, the maintenance system of EMU can't get the condition and fault information that produced by the train at real time. For this we can't develop the maintenance plan in time. So we need use new technology and method to solve it. We develop a communication system which transmission the maintenance information of EMU by GPRS. This system can collect the condition and fault information of EMU in real time, and transmit them to the ground maintenance center. This is helpful for us to develop the maintenance plan in time and improve the efficiency of maintenance.
At the same time of develop the system, combine with the theory of reliability, the focus of our research is how to improve the system's reliability. In order to ensure the system can work stable in the harsh environment fill with electromagnetic interference and no people to participate in, our research is mainly about three aspects.
First, design reliability of hardware. According to the needs, we select the hardware unit and we carry out an EMC design for the key unit, such as chassis, power.
Second, design reliability of software. We insert checkpoint in the application program to detect the problem. Then we divided the fault into defferent level, if the problem is serious, we used the watchdog to make sure the system can automatic recovery. We create a log file to record the remaining fault information of the system. This file can be used in the remote monitoring. We also make up a firewall rule to ensure security of network.
Finally, we proposed a method of remote monitor and develop the function. Used the remote monitoring, we can land the server at ground maintenance center, for this we can know the running condition of the system at real time. This method can help us analysis the problem and solve it in time. The reliability of system is improved.
The equipment we developed has already pass the EMC test ,achieve the request of standard TB/T 3034—2002 EMC tests and limits for rolling stock apparatus. We also test the function of the remote monitoring.
本文在此系统的研发中,结合可靠性理论,主要从保障和提高系统的可靠性上展开应用研究。针对列车上的工作环境恶劣、电磁环境复杂,设备平时工作在无人值守的条件下,为了保障系统的正常可靠工作,我们主要从三方面进行了设计与实现。
第一是进行硬件的可靠性设计,根据需求进行了相关部件的选取,并对其中的关键部分电源、机箱等进行了电磁兼容设计和保护,在硬件上提高系统的可靠性。
第二是进行软件的可靠性设计,首先我们采用了在关键点插入检测点的方式对软件运行进行检测。对于严重影响系统运行的故障使用watchdog实现自恢复,其它的检测内容则写入定制的日志文件供远程监控使用。还根据需求配置了防火墙的规则,保护系统的网络安全。
第三引入了远程监控,结合系统的应用环境我们提出了一种远程监控模型,并完成相应的开发工作,这样我们可以在地面维修中心远程登录,实时掌握系统的运行情况,帮助我们分析问题,采取措施,进一步提高了系统的可靠性,
最终所开发的设备通过了电磁兼容的检测,达到了TB/T 3034—2002机车车辆电气设备电磁兼容性试验及其限值规定。对远程监控也进行了功能验证。
With the rapid development of china high speed railway, more and more EMU are put into used. In order to ensure the operation safety of EMU, how to improve the efficiency and quality of train maintenance is an urgent problem, which we must solve. At present, the maintenance system of EMU can't get the condition and fault information that produced by the train at real time. For this we can't develop the maintenance plan in time. So we need use new technology and method to solve it. We develop a communication system which transmission the maintenance information of EMU by GPRS. This system can collect the condition and fault information of EMU in real time, and transmit them to the ground maintenance center. This is helpful for us to develop the maintenance plan in time and improve the efficiency of maintenance.
At the same time of develop the system, combine with the theory of reliability, the focus of our research is how to improve the system's reliability. In order to ensure the system can work stable in the harsh environment fill with electromagnetic interference and no people to participate in, our research is mainly about three aspects.
First, design reliability of hardware. According to the needs, we select the hardware unit and we carry out an EMC design for the key unit, such as chassis, power.
Second, design reliability of software. We insert checkpoint in the application program to detect the problem. Then we divided the fault into defferent level, if the problem is serious, we used the watchdog to make sure the system can automatic recovery. We create a log file to record the remaining fault information of the system. This file can be used in the remote monitoring. We also make up a firewall rule to ensure security of network.
Finally, we proposed a method of remote monitor and develop the function. Used the remote monitoring, we can land the server at ground maintenance center, for this we can know the running condition of the system at real time. This method can help us analysis the problem and solve it in time. The reliability of system is improved.
The equipment we developed has already pass the EMC test ,achieve the request of standard TB/T 3034—2002 EMC tests and limits for rolling stock apparatus. We also test the function of the remote monitoring.
引文
[1]翟士述.动车组维修制度探究.辽宁师专学报.2008.第5期.97～98
[2]严云升.高速列车的控制、监控与诊断技术.电力机车与城轨车辆.2004.第5期.5～8
[3]《可靠性设计大全》编撰委员会.可靠性设计大全.北京.中国标准出版社.2006
[4]李伯成.嵌入式系统可靠性设计.北京.电子工业出版社.2006
[5]刘士荣主编.工业控制计算机系统及其应用.北京.机械工业出版社.2008
[6]杨大千、梅大成.基于ARM9和Linux的嵌入式动态Web技术设计与实现.工业控制计算机.2006.第8期
[7]R.J.(Bud)Bates、朱洪波著.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.北京.人民邮电出版社 2004
[8]孙少陵.GPRS技术特点及其应用.电信技术.2000.第3期.2～5
[9]王成良.web开发技术及其应用.北京.清华大学出版社.2007
[10]王益民、沙斐、张林昌、于红.TB/T3034-2002.机车车辆电气设备电磁兼容性试验及其限值.
[11]严云升、言武.TB/T3021-2001.铁道机车车辆电子装置
[12]沙斐.机电一体化系统的电磁兼容技术.北京.中国电力出版社.1999
[13]王贵虎.计算机机箱电磁兼容性设计的几点考虑.电子质量.2000.第5期.36～38
[14]徐义亨、刘华美、许小燕.制系统供电设计中有关抗干扰的几个问题.电气时代.2006.第3期.128～130
[15]Brewer Ron.Systems EMC design and analysis.Evaluation Engineering.November 2008.v47.n11.52～58
[16]Yicheng,Zhang;Haiquan,Liang;Xiaojun,Hu;Lulu,Wu.EMC study of an ARM-based electronic control unit for high power DC/DC converters.2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,VPPC 2008
[17]史登祥.电力系统中的噪声干扰及抑制方法.农村电气化.2008.第8期.22～23
[18]韩伟、王建文、王学辉、孟梅.电源线路浪涌保护器(SPD)安全性能的分析探究.电瓷避雷器.2008.第6期.22～24
[19]张浩.防浪涌器件的并联保护应用.电子质量.2008.第11期.79～80
[20]柴钰、刘晓荣.WatchDog的安全性可靠性分析.工矿自动化.2007.第3期.24～26
[21]周婷.使用watchdog构建高可用性的Linux系统及应用.IBM中国系统技术实验室Linux 技术文档库.2007
[22]唐明.WatchDog在嵌入式应用中的问题.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2007.第11期.70～71
[23]贾海瀛、李莉、张悦旺.嵌入式系统中Watchdog的设计与实现.自动化与仪表.2007.第5期.76～78
[24]余胜生、谭家铭、周敬利、廖荣涛.Linux日志文件系统故障处理策略的研究.计算机应用研究.2007.第12期.61～62
[25]程木林.Linux系统日志文件的远程存储实现.中华医学图书情报杂志.2007.第6期.61～62
[26]吴进.基于2.4以上版本内核的Linux防火墙技术研究.西安邮电学院学报.2008.第3期.94～98
[27]宛钺.基于iptables的Linux防火墙的配置和实现.沈阳航空工业学院学报2008.第2期.55～58
[28]Steve Suehring.Linux Firewalls.Third Edition.Sams Publishing.2005
[29]吴玉成、侯良伟、冷建筑.嵌入式Linux下WEB服务器的设计与实现.数据通信.2008.第6期.43～46
[30]车忠辉.基于Internet技术的嵌入式Web管理开发.中国数据通信.2003.第11期.38～39
[31]潘田、郭世明.基于GPRS的机车实时监测系统.国外电子测量技术.2006.第10期.46～49
[32]徐春雨、潘仕彬、王豫峰.几种远程监控通信方式的比较.电信快报.2009.第1期.33～35
[33]Basso,M.;Bucher,R.;Romagnoli,M.;Vassalli,M.Real-Time Control with Linux:A Web Services Approach.Decision and Control,2005 and 2005 European Control Conference.CDC-ECC '05.44th IEEE Conference on12-15 Dec.2005 Page(s):2733-2738
[34]Cheng,Guanghui;Zhou,Qingguo;Li,Lian;Zhang,Jie;Ding,Ying.A case study of service integration based on embedded system using web service.Proceedings-2008 the 1st IEEE International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing and Workshops,U-Media2008,p 382-384
[35]郭敏、曹广.嵌入式Linux下使用MC39实现GPRS拨号上网.广东通信技术.2007.第12期.63～66
[36]杨德芳.通过Linux串口实现GPRS拨号上网的设计.科技咨询导报.2007.第24期.6～6
[37]孙琼.嵌入式linux应用程序开发详解.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[38]范永开、杨爱林.linux应用开发技术详解.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[39]Richard Petersen.陶华敏等译.linux技术大全.第四版.北京.机械工业出版社.2002
[40]Wang ZhenXing;Ren Xian Yi.A Study on Cgi of Embedded Webserver.Computer Science and Computational Technology.2008.ISCSCT '08.International Symposium onVolume 1,20-22 Dec.2008 Page(s):480-483
[2]严云升.高速列车的控制、监控与诊断技术.电力机车与城轨车辆.2004.第5期.5～8
[3]《可靠性设计大全》编撰委员会.可靠性设计大全.北京.中国标准出版社.2006
[4]李伯成.嵌入式系统可靠性设计.北京.电子工业出版社.2006
[5]刘士荣主编.工业控制计算机系统及其应用.北京.机械工业出版社.2008
[6]杨大千、梅大成.基于ARM9和Linux的嵌入式动态Web技术设计与实现.工业控制计算机.2006.第8期
[7]R.J.(Bud)Bates、朱洪波著.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.北京.人民邮电出版社 2004
[8]孙少陵.GPRS技术特点及其应用.电信技术.2000.第3期.2～5
[9]王成良.web开发技术及其应用.北京.清华大学出版社.2007
[10]王益民、沙斐、张林昌、于红.TB/T3034-2002.机车车辆电气设备电磁兼容性试验及其限值.
[11]严云升、言武.TB/T3021-2001.铁道机车车辆电子装置
[12]沙斐.机电一体化系统的电磁兼容技术.北京.中国电力出版社.1999
[13]王贵虎.计算机机箱电磁兼容性设计的几点考虑.电子质量.2000.第5期.36～38
[14]徐义亨、刘华美、许小燕.制系统供电设计中有关抗干扰的几个问题.电气时代.2006.第3期.128～130
[15]Brewer Ron.Systems EMC design and analysis.Evaluation Engineering.November 2008.v47.n11.52～58
[16]Yicheng,Zhang;Haiquan,Liang;Xiaojun,Hu;Lulu,Wu.EMC study of an ARM-based electronic control unit for high power DC/DC converters.2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,VPPC 2008
[17]史登祥.电力系统中的噪声干扰及抑制方法.农村电气化.2008.第8期.22～23
[18]韩伟、王建文、王学辉、孟梅.电源线路浪涌保护器(SPD)安全性能的分析探究.电瓷避雷器.2008.第6期.22～24
[19]张浩.防浪涌器件的并联保护应用.电子质量.2008.第11期.79～80
[20]柴钰、刘晓荣.WatchDog的安全性可靠性分析.工矿自动化.2007.第3期.24～26
[21]周婷.使用watchdog构建高可用性的Linux系统及应用.IBM中国系统技术实验室Linux 技术文档库.2007
[22]唐明.WatchDog在嵌入式应用中的问题.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2007.第11期.70～71
[23]贾海瀛、李莉、张悦旺.嵌入式系统中Watchdog的设计与实现.自动化与仪表.2007.第5期.76～78
[24]余胜生、谭家铭、周敬利、廖荣涛.Linux日志文件系统故障处理策略的研究.计算机应用研究.2007.第12期.61～62
[25]程木林.Linux系统日志文件的远程存储实现.中华医学图书情报杂志.2007.第6期.61～62
[26]吴进.基于2.4以上版本内核的Linux防火墙技术研究.西安邮电学院学报.2008.第3期.94～98
[27]宛钺.基于iptables的Linux防火墙的配置和实现.沈阳航空工业学院学报2008.第2期.55～58
[28]Steve Suehring.Linux Firewalls.Third Edition.Sams Publishing.2005
[29]吴玉成、侯良伟、冷建筑.嵌入式Linux下WEB服务器的设计与实现.数据通信.2008.第6期.43～46
[30]车忠辉.基于Internet技术的嵌入式Web管理开发.中国数据通信.2003.第11期.38～39
[31]潘田、郭世明.基于GPRS的机车实时监测系统.国外电子测量技术.2006.第10期.46～49
[32]徐春雨、潘仕彬、王豫峰.几种远程监控通信方式的比较.电信快报.2009.第1期.33～35
[33]Basso,M.;Bucher,R.;Romagnoli,M.;Vassalli,M.Real-Time Control with Linux:A Web Services Approach.Decision and Control,2005 and 2005 European Control Conference.CDC-ECC '05.44th IEEE Conference on12-15 Dec.2005 Page(s):2733-2738
[34]Cheng,Guanghui;Zhou,Qingguo;Li,Lian;Zhang,Jie;Ding,Ying.A case study of service integration based on embedded system using web service.Proceedings-2008 the 1st IEEE International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing and Workshops,U-Media2008,p 382-384
[35]郭敏、曹广.嵌入式Linux下使用MC39实现GPRS拨号上网.广东通信技术.2007.第12期.63～66
[36]杨德芳.通过Linux串口实现GPRS拨号上网的设计.科技咨询导报.2007.第24期.6～6
[37]孙琼.嵌入式linux应用程序开发详解.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[38]范永开、杨爱林.linux应用开发技术详解.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[39]Richard Petersen.陶华敏等译.linux技术大全.第四版.北京.机械工业出版社.2002
[40]Wang ZhenXing;Ren Xian Yi.A Study on Cgi of Embedded Webserver.Computer Science and Computational Technology.2008.ISCSCT '08.International Symposium onVolume 1,20-22 Dec.2008 Page(s):480-483