接地网状态检测方法及其实现研究
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摘要
接地网是发电厂、变电站确保工作接地与保护接地的必备设施,对于电力系统的安全可靠运行起着重要作用。由于接地网埋在地中,工程上一般通过大面积开挖来检查接地网的状态,但这种方法带有盲目性,工作量极大,且影响电力系统的正常运行。目前,接地装置不开挖检测方法及其工程应用还处于理论研究和技术分析的起步阶段,研究成果极少。
本文致力于接地网不开挖检测技术研究,在广泛吸收国内外接地技术、腐蚀检测技术、数值分析技术、信号处理技术、计算机技术、电子技术、模式识别与智能科学等领域最新研究成果的基础上,对接地网状态现场检测原理及其实现进行了深入研究。
文中分析了现有各种接地网状态检测方法及其局限性,继而提出了基于恒电位原理的接地网腐蚀状态现场检测方法,采用数据平滑处理技术、提高信噪比、带阻滤波等软硬件滤波技术,有效去除了接地网检测现场的噪声干扰以及采样数据带来的随机误差,保证了测量精度,并探讨了基于接地网腐蚀状态的接地电阻等电气性能参数的分析方法。在此基础上,研究了接地网现场检测方法的具体实施方案,重点设计了检测装置的软件系统,该系统包括信号采集、信号处理、数据采集、数据处理和人机对话等子系统。通过实验室模拟实验与变电站现场实验,验证了该系统的有效性和可行性。
基于本项目的研究,所在项目组研制成功了能现场检测接地网腐蚀速率、腐蚀深度与接地网电气性能参数等的便携式接地网状态检测仪,为发变电站接地网的定期检测提供了一种轻便、快速、准确、经济的工具。
Grounding grids is an essential establishment which ensures the working grounding and protective grounding in power stations and substations. It is playing a vital role for the stable operation of power system. As burying underground, the method, which used to detect the status of the grounding grids, is to dig the grounding conductors out in a large area and then check them. This approach, with blindness and huge workload, may affect the operation of the power system. At present, the method of grounding grids non-excavation detection is still in theoretical research and technical analysis by initial stage, and there are few research results.
This paper focuses on the research of grounding grids non-excavation detection technology, with the basis of a wide range of absorption from the latest research results on domestic and foreign grounding technology, corrosion detection technology, numerical analysis, signal processing technology, computer technology, electronics, pattern recognition and intelligent science and so on. This paper researches in-depth on principle and realization about status detection of grounding grids.
With the analysis of all the existing detection methods for grounding grids and its limitations, and based on constant potential principle, this paper proposes a corrosion status detection method for grounding grids, using data smoothing technology, improving SNR (signal noise ratio), using the band stop filter, such as hardware and software filtering Technology, to effectively eliminate the noise disturbance at the scene and avoid the data errors of random sampling, to ensure the accuracy of the measure. And the analysis method of electrical performance parameters such as grounding resistance based on the corrosion status of grounding grids is discussed in this paper also. A specific implementation project on status detection of grounding grids is researched. This paper concentrates on the software system design of detection device, which includes signal collection, signal processing, data collection, data processing, man-machine conversation, and other subsystems. Through the final laboratory simulative experiments and field test, the effectiveness and the feasibility of the system is verified.
Based on the research of this project, the team on this topic develops a portable instrument successfully, which can detect the corrosion velocity and corrosion depth of grounding grids at the scene and electrical performance parameters. This detector provides a light, fast, accurate and economic tool for the periodical detection of grounding grids in power stations and substations.
本文致力于接地网不开挖检测技术研究,在广泛吸收国内外接地技术、腐蚀检测技术、数值分析技术、信号处理技术、计算机技术、电子技术、模式识别与智能科学等领域最新研究成果的基础上,对接地网状态现场检测原理及其实现进行了深入研究。
文中分析了现有各种接地网状态检测方法及其局限性,继而提出了基于恒电位原理的接地网腐蚀状态现场检测方法,采用数据平滑处理技术、提高信噪比、带阻滤波等软硬件滤波技术,有效去除了接地网检测现场的噪声干扰以及采样数据带来的随机误差,保证了测量精度,并探讨了基于接地网腐蚀状态的接地电阻等电气性能参数的分析方法。在此基础上,研究了接地网现场检测方法的具体实施方案,重点设计了检测装置的软件系统,该系统包括信号采集、信号处理、数据采集、数据处理和人机对话等子系统。通过实验室模拟实验与变电站现场实验,验证了该系统的有效性和可行性。
基于本项目的研究,所在项目组研制成功了能现场检测接地网腐蚀速率、腐蚀深度与接地网电气性能参数等的便携式接地网状态检测仪,为发变电站接地网的定期检测提供了一种轻便、快速、准确、经济的工具。
Grounding grids is an essential establishment which ensures the working grounding and protective grounding in power stations and substations. It is playing a vital role for the stable operation of power system. As burying underground, the method, which used to detect the status of the grounding grids, is to dig the grounding conductors out in a large area and then check them. This approach, with blindness and huge workload, may affect the operation of the power system. At present, the method of grounding grids non-excavation detection is still in theoretical research and technical analysis by initial stage, and there are few research results.
This paper focuses on the research of grounding grids non-excavation detection technology, with the basis of a wide range of absorption from the latest research results on domestic and foreign grounding technology, corrosion detection technology, numerical analysis, signal processing technology, computer technology, electronics, pattern recognition and intelligent science and so on. This paper researches in-depth on principle and realization about status detection of grounding grids.
With the analysis of all the existing detection methods for grounding grids and its limitations, and based on constant potential principle, this paper proposes a corrosion status detection method for grounding grids, using data smoothing technology, improving SNR (signal noise ratio), using the band stop filter, such as hardware and software filtering Technology, to effectively eliminate the noise disturbance at the scene and avoid the data errors of random sampling, to ensure the accuracy of the measure. And the analysis method of electrical performance parameters such as grounding resistance based on the corrosion status of grounding grids is discussed in this paper also. A specific implementation project on status detection of grounding grids is researched. This paper concentrates on the software system design of detection device, which includes signal collection, signal processing, data collection, data processing, man-machine conversation, and other subsystems. Through the final laboratory simulative experiments and field test, the effectiveness and the feasibility of the system is verified.
Based on the research of this project, the team on this topic develops a portable instrument successfully, which can detect the corrosion velocity and corrosion depth of grounding grids at the scene and electrical performance parameters. This detector provides a light, fast, accurate and economic tool for the periodical detection of grounding grids in power stations and substations.
引文
[1] 何金良,曾嵘,电力系统接地技术.北京:科学出版社,2007,1-550
[2] 李景禄,胡毅,刘春生.实用电力接地技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002,67-197
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[7] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,He Yigang,et al.Numerical Computation and Simulation for Substaion Grounding Systems.In:IIIs 7th World Multiconference on SCI. USA:2003,657-671
[8] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,Li Sufang.An Intelligent System for Monitoring Grounding Grids of Electric Power system.In: International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies. USA:IEEE,2004,263-267
[9] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,Tan Xiangbo,et al.Calculationg of a Grounding Grid in Muti-layer Medium.In:International Conference on Robotics.Intelligent System and Signal Processing,2003, 1317-1321
[10] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,Li Sufang,et al.An Intelligent Monitoring Method for Grounding Systems. In:Conf.ICRA 2004,China: IEEE,2004,1245-1249
[11] 彭 敏 放 , 李 素 芳 , 刘 聪 利 等 . 发 变 电 站 接 地 网 在 线 监 测 装 置 . 中 国 专利.200720062504.1,2008-04-16
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[19] Zutobradic S, Haznadar Z, Gacanovic R, et al. Transient characteristics of substation grounding grids. Elektrotehnika, 1999, 42(12): 53-61
[20] Chen Xian-Lu, Zhao Ai-Hua, Liu Yu-Gen, et al. Development and application of a new type of grounding device. Power System Technology, 2004, 28(14): 86-89
[21] Lin Li, XiangCui, Tiebing Lu, et al. Influence of soil and conductor of ground grid on safety of the grounding system. In:Proceedings of 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Washington, D. C.:IEEE,2000, 675-679.
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[24] 王硕.中大型变电站接地网腐蚀优化诊断:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006,1-5
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[30] Jun Hu, Rong Zeng, Jinliang He, et al. Novel Method of Corrosion Diagnosis for Grounding Grid. In:International Conference on Power System Technology. USA:IEEE, 2000, 3:1365-1370
[31] Zeng Rong,He Jinliang,Hu Jun,etal. The Theory and Implementation of Corrosion Diagnosis for Grounding System. In:Conference Record of the IEEE 37th IAS Annual Meeting-Industry Applications Conference. USA:IEEE,2002:1120-1126
[32] 王旭东.发变电站接地网电气连接故障点检测方法研究:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,1995,1-5
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[34] 胡军.实用化发变电站接地网故障诊断系统的研究:[清华大学硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,2000,1-6
[35] 姚金霞.变电站接地网故障诊断研究:[清华大学硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学,2003,1-5
[36] 张 晓 玲 , 黄 青 阳 . 电 力 系 统 接 地 网 故 障 诊 断 . 电 力 系 统 及 其 自 动 化 学报,2002,14(1):48-51
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[38] 张晓玲,陈先禄.优化技术在发、变电所接地网故障诊断中的应用.高电压技术,2000,26(4):64-66
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[2] 李景禄,胡毅,刘春生.实用电力接地技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002,67-197
[3] 解广润.电力系统接地技术.北京:中国电力出版社,1999,1-2
[4] 杜松怀.接地技术.北京:中国农业出版社,1995,1-2
[5] 蒋昌绥.工业企业电网接地问题.北京:水利电力出版社,1994,1-65
[6] 李素芳,谢雪飞,陈宗璋等.变电站接地电极的腐蚀与防护研究.材料保护,2004, 37 (3):20-23
[7] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,He Yigang,et al.Numerical Computation and Simulation for Substaion Grounding Systems.In:IIIs 7th World Multiconference on SCI. USA:2003,657-671
[8] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,Li Sufang.An Intelligent System for Monitoring Grounding Grids of Electric Power system.In: International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies. USA:IEEE,2004,263-267
[9] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,Tan Xiangbo,et al.Calculationg of a Grounding Grid in Muti-layer Medium.In:International Conference on Robotics.Intelligent System and Signal Processing,2003, 1317-1321
[10] Peng Mingfang,Yu Dongjiang,Li Sufang,et al.An Intelligent Monitoring Method for Grounding Systems. In:Conf.ICRA 2004,China: IEEE,2004,1245-1249
[11] 彭 敏 放 , 李 素 芳 , 刘 聪 利 等 . 发 变 电 站 接 地 网 在 线 监 测 装 置 . 中 国 专利.200720062504.1,2008-04-16
[12] 彭敏放,李素芳,刘聪利等.发变电站接地网的在线监测方法及其装置.中国专利. 200710034421.6,2007-09-12
[13] 谭 享 波 , 彭 敏 放 , 俞 东 江 等 . 变 电 站 接 地 电 网 的 研 究 综 述 . 黑 龙 江 电力,2004,26(3):240-242
[14] 胡学文,许崇武.接地网的防蚀材料性能试验.高电压技术,2002,28 (5):21-23
[15] 张波,崔翔,赵志斌等.大型变电站接地网的频域分析方法.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(9):59-63
[16] 鲁志伟,文习山,史艳玲等.大型变电站接地网工频接地参数的数值计算.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(12):89-93
[17] Guemes-Alonso, Hernando-Fernandez, Rodriguez-Bona,et al.A practical approach for determining the ground resistance of grounding grids. IEEE Transactions onPower Delivery, 2006, 21(3):1261-1266
[18] da Frota Mattos, Marcos Andre.Grounding grids transient simulation.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20 (2):1370-1378
[19] Zutobradic S, Haznadar Z, Gacanovic R, et al. Transient characteristics of substation grounding grids. Elektrotehnika, 1999, 42(12): 53-61
[20] Chen Xian-Lu, Zhao Ai-Hua, Liu Yu-Gen, et al. Development and application of a new type of grounding device. Power System Technology, 2004, 28(14): 86-89
[21] Lin Li, XiangCui, Tiebing Lu, et al. Influence of soil and conductor of ground grid on safety of the grounding system. In:Proceedings of 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Washington, D. C.:IEEE,2000, 675-679.
[22] J.A.Guems. Method for Calculating the Grounding Grids Using FEM. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2004,19(2):595-601
[23] 王光荣.接地网智能监测系统的研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2007,1-15
[24] 王硕.中大型变电站接地网腐蚀优化诊断:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006,1-5
[25] 中华人民共和国电力工业部.交流电气装置的接地.DL/T 621-1997.中华人民共和国电力行业标准.1998-01-01
[26] 鲍敏铎.110KV变电所接地装置事故扩大的分析.高电压技术,1993,19(4):53-55
[27] Dawalibi F P.Electromagnetic fields generated by overhead and buried short conductors,Part 2: Ground Conductor.IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1986,1(4):105-111
[28] F.P.Dawalibi, J.Ma, R.D.Southey. Behaviour of grounding systems in multilayer soils a parametric analysis. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1994, 9(1):334-342
[29] Zhang Bo,Zhao Zhibin,Cui Xiang,et al.Diagnosis of breaks in substation’s grounding grid by using the Electromagnetic method.IEEE Trans on Magnetic, 2002,38(2):473-476
[30] Jun Hu, Rong Zeng, Jinliang He, et al. Novel Method of Corrosion Diagnosis for Grounding Grid. In:International Conference on Power System Technology. USA:IEEE, 2000, 3:1365-1370
[31] Zeng Rong,He Jinliang,Hu Jun,etal. The Theory and Implementation of Corrosion Diagnosis for Grounding System. In:Conference Record of the IEEE 37th IAS Annual Meeting-Industry Applications Conference. USA:IEEE,2002:1120-1126
[32] 王旭东.发变电站接地网电气连接故障点检测方法研究:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,1995,1-5
[33] 李思芸.发变电站接地网腐蚀及断点的诊断原理和方法:[清华大学硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1999,1-5
[34] 胡军.实用化发变电站接地网故障诊断系统的研究:[清华大学硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,2000,1-6
[35] 姚金霞.变电站接地网故障诊断研究:[清华大学硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学,2003,1-5
[36] 张 晓 玲 , 黄 青 阳 . 电 力 系 统 接 地 网 故 障 诊 断 . 电 力 系 统 及 其 自 动 化 学报,2002,14(1):48-51
[37] 肖新华,陈先禄,张晓玲.接地网腐蚀和断点的诊断理论分析.重庆大学学报,2001,24(3):72-75
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