俄罗斯留学生汉语语音习得研究
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摘要
汉语语音是对外汉语教学的重要组成部分,同时也是留学生现实生活交际中的重点和难点。在对外汉语语音教学过程中,留学生对汉语语音体系的掌握不尽如意,主要表现在语音的习得顺序和不同程度上出现的偏误,那么我们对留学生语音习得与偏误的研究,将有助于我们在语音教学中采用更好的教学策略和方法,做好汉语语音教学。本文共四章,运用第二语言习得理论,并借语音实验理论、母语迁移理论和语言对比分析理论,方法是采取分析语音试验材料为基础,分析比较,得出留学生习得汉语语音的一般规律和顺序,同时总结偏误,从而为对外汉语语音教学提出相应的建议。
第一章我们谈到了本文题目的价值与意义。
第二章对现代汉语语音体系与俄语语音体系进行介绍,主要是描写这两个语音体系的特点。这一章的主要目的是对这两个语言的语音体系进行对比研究。
第三章阐述相关习得与母语迁移研究及相关理论,介绍母语迁移概念、种类与产生原因,本文采取的是语音分析实验方法,利用收集到的语料进行分析,从而了解留学生汉语发音实际情况与问题。在这一部分我们介绍本文采取的研究理论与方法。
第四章是本文最重要的一部分。在这我们介绍语音分析软件Praat与以语音试验理论为基础,对出现的语音偏误进行分析,分析留学生习得汉语语音产生偏误的原因,以及如何克服这些原因并减少偏误出现的方法。在这一部分我们从汉语的声母和韵母、声调、变调、轻声、语调、儿化音的方面研究俄罗斯学生汉语语音习得。
第五章我们首先陈述了在华汉语语音教学情况与在俄罗斯国内汉语语音教学情况的特点并总结了它们的不足之处。这一部分重要内容涉及到对俄汉语语音教学的建议。我们以语音实验与母语迁移分析为基础对外汉语语音教学提出了自己的设想,希望能够对俄汉语语音的教学有所帮助。
Teaching Chinese phonetics to foreign students is an important part of Chinese language teaching. At the same time standard Chinese pronunciation for a foreigner Chinese learner is a critical point in daily communication in Chinese. In Chinese as a second language teaching phonetics is one of the most difficult part for foreigner students, they don't understand the phonetic system of Chinese language, their pronunciation is not enough standard, and numerous of errors appear in their spoken Chinese. Our research in Chinese phonetic teaching is aiming to help foreigner students to improve their Chinese pronunciation and give some advices to the Chinese language teachers about strategies and methods of teaching, how to make phonetic class more effective and interesting. This paper consists of four chapters. Has been used followed theories:second language acquisition theory, phonetic experiment theory, language transfer theory, as well as the method to analyze of languages comparison. The main purpose of this research is on the basic of the result of the analyses of Russian students'phonetic errors and learning order, give teaching recommendations to Russian students.
The first chapter is an introduction of modern Chinese phonetic and the Russian language phonetic systems, this part mainly describing the characteristics of the two phonetic systems. The main purpose of this chapter is to compare phonetic systems of two languages.
Chapter two expounds research of foreign language acquisition and introduces the concept and methods of foreign language acquisition and language transfer research and related theory, introduced the concept of language transfer, types and causes. This paper uses methods of voice experiment to collect Russian students' pronunciation data that are used for analysis. We use this method to understand the actual situation of Russian students in Chinese pronunciation. In this chapter we describe theory and methods used in this research paper.
The third chapter is one of the most important parts of this project. In this chapter we introduce the software "Praat" that used for Chinese tones analysis, as well as for the occurrence of errors. This analysis is used to give effective advices to the teachers of Chinese phonetics to Russian students.
In the fourth and last chapter of this thesis we first describe situation with Chinese phonetic teaching to Russian students in China and in Russia. This part mainly considered about giving recommendations in phonetic teaching to Russian students. We use the results of phonetic experiment and native language transfer as a basic to form recommendations. We hope that it can be helpful in improving Russian students' Chinese pronunciation.
第一章我们谈到了本文题目的价值与意义。
第二章对现代汉语语音体系与俄语语音体系进行介绍,主要是描写这两个语音体系的特点。这一章的主要目的是对这两个语言的语音体系进行对比研究。
第三章阐述相关习得与母语迁移研究及相关理论,介绍母语迁移概念、种类与产生原因,本文采取的是语音分析实验方法,利用收集到的语料进行分析,从而了解留学生汉语发音实际情况与问题。在这一部分我们介绍本文采取的研究理论与方法。
第四章是本文最重要的一部分。在这我们介绍语音分析软件Praat与以语音试验理论为基础,对出现的语音偏误进行分析,分析留学生习得汉语语音产生偏误的原因,以及如何克服这些原因并减少偏误出现的方法。在这一部分我们从汉语的声母和韵母、声调、变调、轻声、语调、儿化音的方面研究俄罗斯学生汉语语音习得。
第五章我们首先陈述了在华汉语语音教学情况与在俄罗斯国内汉语语音教学情况的特点并总结了它们的不足之处。这一部分重要内容涉及到对俄汉语语音教学的建议。我们以语音实验与母语迁移分析为基础对外汉语语音教学提出了自己的设想,希望能够对俄汉语语音的教学有所帮助。
Teaching Chinese phonetics to foreign students is an important part of Chinese language teaching. At the same time standard Chinese pronunciation for a foreigner Chinese learner is a critical point in daily communication in Chinese. In Chinese as a second language teaching phonetics is one of the most difficult part for foreigner students, they don't understand the phonetic system of Chinese language, their pronunciation is not enough standard, and numerous of errors appear in their spoken Chinese. Our research in Chinese phonetic teaching is aiming to help foreigner students to improve their Chinese pronunciation and give some advices to the Chinese language teachers about strategies and methods of teaching, how to make phonetic class more effective and interesting. This paper consists of four chapters. Has been used followed theories:second language acquisition theory, phonetic experiment theory, language transfer theory, as well as the method to analyze of languages comparison. The main purpose of this research is on the basic of the result of the analyses of Russian students'phonetic errors and learning order, give teaching recommendations to Russian students.
The first chapter is an introduction of modern Chinese phonetic and the Russian language phonetic systems, this part mainly describing the characteristics of the two phonetic systems. The main purpose of this chapter is to compare phonetic systems of two languages.
Chapter two expounds research of foreign language acquisition and introduces the concept and methods of foreign language acquisition and language transfer research and related theory, introduced the concept of language transfer, types and causes. This paper uses methods of voice experiment to collect Russian students' pronunciation data that are used for analysis. We use this method to understand the actual situation of Russian students in Chinese pronunciation. In this chapter we describe theory and methods used in this research paper.
The third chapter is one of the most important parts of this project. In this chapter we introduce the software "Praat" that used for Chinese tones analysis, as well as for the occurrence of errors. This analysis is used to give effective advices to the teachers of Chinese phonetics to Russian students.
In the fourth and last chapter of this thesis we first describe situation with Chinese phonetic teaching to Russian students in China and in Russia. This part mainly considered about giving recommendations in phonetic teaching to Russian students. We use the results of phonetic experiment and native language transfer as a basic to form recommendations. We hope that it can be helpful in improving Russian students' Chinese pronunciation.
引文
①Terence Odlin(特伦斯·奥德林).Language Transfer:Cross-Linguistic influence in language learning(语言迁移：语言学习语际影响).上海外语教育出版社 2005.
②张小燕 母语迁移研究综述湖南广播电视大学人文社科298页
③关慧颖.俄语语音教学中的负迁移.吉林省教育学院学报2008年第12期,第24卷,第43页.
④唐承贤 第二语言习得中的母语迁移研究述评解放军外国语学院学报2003年第26卷,第5期,第37页.
⑤诸葛苹.徐来娣.汉俄语音对比试验研究[M].南京：南京大学出版社,2000.
⑥厉为民 试论轻声和重音[J]中国语文,1981年,第一期
[1]Terence Odlin(特伦斯·奥德林).Language Transfer:Cross-Linguistic influence in language learning(语言迁移：语言学习语际影响).上海外语教育出版社2005.
[2]马建忠.马氏文通.北京：中华书局,1954.
[3]丁迪蒙.汉语的语音特点及与其朗读的关系.常州工学院学报2003年第16期,第1卷,50页.
[4]关慧颖.俄语语音教学中的负迁移.吉林省教育学院学报2008年第12期,第24卷,第43页.
[5]诸葛苹.徐来娣.汉俄语音对比试验研究[M].南京：南京大学出版社,2000.
[6]刘俏、苏燕、关秋红.对俄罗斯留学生进行汉语语音教学的重点分析.齐齐哈尔大学学报2009年.
[7]张小燕母语迁移研究综述湖南广播电视大学人文社科,2004,第298页.
[8]黄伯荣、廖序东.现代汉语.北京：高等教育出版社,1997.
[9]唐承贤第二语言习得中的母语迁移研究述评解放军外国语学院学报2003年,第26卷,第5期,第37页.
[10]高春燕.俄罗斯学生汉语声调偏误初探.红河学院学报,第5卷,第4期,第49页.
[11]吴宗济、林灿.实验语音学概要[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1999年.
[12]林锋.语音学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1990年.
[13]王理嘉.语音学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[14]徐董.俄罗斯留学生汉语声调偏误研究佳木斯大学社会科学学报,第24卷,第3期,第65页
[15]周建.论汉语语感教学[J].汉语学习,2003,(1)
[16]王玲娟.对外汉语初级阶段语音感教学研究[J].重庆大学学报,2003,(3)
[17]丁雪欢.母语与二语习得顺序/过程的异同及其原因分析—基于英汉语中习得顺序/过程研究结果的考察.语言文字应用,2006,2.
[18]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词.北京：商务印书馆,1980.
[19]靳洪刚.语言获得理论研究.北京中国社会科学出版社,1997.
[20]Krashen, S. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. London Pergamon Press,1981.
[21]蒋祖康.第二语言习得概论.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
[22]Richards J, Platt J, Platt H.朗文语言教学及应用语言学词典.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2002.
[23]吴旭东.第二语言习得研究.上海：上海外语教育出版社,2006.
[24]Corder. S. P. Error Analysis and Interlanguage. OUP,1981.
[25]刘殉.对外汉语教育学引论.北京：北京语言文化人学出版社,2000.
[26]张如梅.偏误分析述评.云南师范大学学报,2003,11,(6)
[27]魏倩倩.近年来对外汉语偏误分析研究概述.语言教学研究2007,11.
[28]鲁健骥.偏误分析与对外汉语教学.语言文字应用,1992,(1)
[29]罗明江.认知与语言习得.大庆高等专科学校学报,1997,(2)
[30]唐承贤.第二语言习得中的母语迁移研究述评,解放军外国语学院学报,第26卷,第5期,第37页.
[31]彭宁红.语言迁移与外语教学,佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2003年12月,第21卷,第6期.
[32]厉为民试论轻声和重音[J]中国语文,1981年,第一期.
②张小燕 母语迁移研究综述湖南广播电视大学人文社科298页
③关慧颖.俄语语音教学中的负迁移.吉林省教育学院学报2008年第12期,第24卷,第43页.
④唐承贤 第二语言习得中的母语迁移研究述评解放军外国语学院学报2003年第26卷,第5期,第37页.
⑤诸葛苹.徐来娣.汉俄语音对比试验研究[M].南京：南京大学出版社,2000.
⑥厉为民 试论轻声和重音[J]中国语文,1981年,第一期
[1]Terence Odlin(特伦斯·奥德林).Language Transfer:Cross-Linguistic influence in language learning(语言迁移：语言学习语际影响).上海外语教育出版社2005.
[2]马建忠.马氏文通.北京：中华书局,1954.
[3]丁迪蒙.汉语的语音特点及与其朗读的关系.常州工学院学报2003年第16期,第1卷,50页.
[4]关慧颖.俄语语音教学中的负迁移.吉林省教育学院学报2008年第12期,第24卷,第43页.
[5]诸葛苹.徐来娣.汉俄语音对比试验研究[M].南京：南京大学出版社,2000.
[6]刘俏、苏燕、关秋红.对俄罗斯留学生进行汉语语音教学的重点分析.齐齐哈尔大学学报2009年.
[7]张小燕母语迁移研究综述湖南广播电视大学人文社科,2004,第298页.
[8]黄伯荣、廖序东.现代汉语.北京：高等教育出版社,1997.
[9]唐承贤第二语言习得中的母语迁移研究述评解放军外国语学院学报2003年,第26卷,第5期,第37页.
[10]高春燕.俄罗斯学生汉语声调偏误初探.红河学院学报,第5卷,第4期,第49页.
[11]吴宗济、林灿.实验语音学概要[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1999年.
[12]林锋.语音学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1990年.
[13]王理嘉.语音学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[14]徐董.俄罗斯留学生汉语声调偏误研究佳木斯大学社会科学学报,第24卷,第3期,第65页
[15]周建.论汉语语感教学[J].汉语学习,2003,(1)
[16]王玲娟.对外汉语初级阶段语音感教学研究[J].重庆大学学报,2003,(3)
[17]丁雪欢.母语与二语习得顺序/过程的异同及其原因分析—基于英汉语中习得顺序/过程研究结果的考察.语言文字应用,2006,2.
[18]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词.北京：商务印书馆,1980.
[19]靳洪刚.语言获得理论研究.北京中国社会科学出版社,1997.
[20]Krashen, S. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. London Pergamon Press,1981.
[21]蒋祖康.第二语言习得概论.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
[22]Richards J, Platt J, Platt H.朗文语言教学及应用语言学词典.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2002.
[23]吴旭东.第二语言习得研究.上海：上海外语教育出版社,2006.
[24]Corder. S. P. Error Analysis and Interlanguage. OUP,1981.
[25]刘殉.对外汉语教育学引论.北京：北京语言文化人学出版社,2000.
[26]张如梅.偏误分析述评.云南师范大学学报,2003,11,(6)
[27]魏倩倩.近年来对外汉语偏误分析研究概述.语言教学研究2007,11.
[28]鲁健骥.偏误分析与对外汉语教学.语言文字应用,1992,(1)
[29]罗明江.认知与语言习得.大庆高等专科学校学报,1997,(2)
[30]唐承贤.第二语言习得中的母语迁移研究述评,解放军外国语学院学报,第26卷,第5期,第37页.
[31]彭宁红.语言迁移与外语教学,佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2003年12月,第21卷,第6期.
[32]厉为民试论轻声和重音[J]中国语文,1981年,第一期.