傍河抽水驱动下河流污染对地下水影响的模拟研究
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摘要
开展傍河抽水驱动下饱和非饱和带中河流污染对地下水水质的影响研究,对发展与创新河床下溶质在含水层中的运移理论和研究方法等具有十分重要的理论和实际意义。
本文以河流与地下水演化关系为主线,采用室内物理模拟实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究保守性物质NaCl与非保守性有机污染物硝基苯在河流-悬挂饱水带-包气带-地下水系统中的转化规律,构建对流、弥散、吸附共同作用下水流与溶质运移的耦合模型,定量描述河流污染对地下水的影响程度。
本文得到的结论有：
1、在无水动力驱动情况下的纯弥散作用下,随着时间的增加,溶质运移规律明显表现出重力分异现象,这个结论表明研究无水动力驱动下的溶质运移中重力作用是一个不可忽略的因素。
2、傍河抽水条件下,当河流与地下水具有统一浸润曲线时(A-160-130方案,实验总时间为2265min),随着抽水强度的增大,溶质运移速度增大；河流与地下水临界“脱节”时的溶质运移速度最大(C-160-90方案,实验总时间为765min)；当河流与地下水“脱节”之后,由于包气带的范围增大,溶质运移速度略有减小(F-160-40方案,实验总时间为890min)。
3、基于饱和-非饱和流理论及溶质运移理论,采用GMS中的FEMWATER模块构建饱和非饱和带中由对流、弥散、吸附等影响因素共同作用下的硝基苯迁移转化耦合模型。
4、模型结果
(1)模拟河流不同污染程度对地下水的影响,随着河流污染源的浓度的增大,地下水受污染的程度相应地增大。
(2)模拟不同河流与地下水转化关系下的饱和非饱和带中硝基苯的溶质运移规律,当河流与地下水处于临界“脱节”时,溶质运移速度最快。
The study of river pollution to groundwater during pumping near a stream has great theoretical and practical significance to development and innovation solute transport theory and research method in aquifer under rivers.
Based on the relationship between river and groundwater, the paper studied on water flow and solute transport rule about conservative substance NaCl and non-conservative substance nitrobenzene in river-impendent zone of saturation-zone of aeration-zone of saturation system, combined with indoor physical simulation experiment and numerical simulation. Considering the factor of convection, dispersion and adsorption, a water flow and solute transport coupling model has been built to quantificationally describe the influence of river pollution to groundwater.
The following conclusions can be concluded:
1、under the condition of no water driving effect, with the increase of time, the solute transport rule shows the gravity differentiation phenomenon. This conclution show that without water driving effect, gravity is an important factor in the process of solute transport.
2、Solute transport disciplines in river and groundwater show:the farther from the river, the longer concentration changing time is in horizontal direction; the distribution of solute concentration in the groundwater is changed from the inhomogeneous state in the upper section to the homogeneous state in lower section with the experiment time duration and the increasement of solute transport distance. The speed of solute transport becomes fast with the increase of pumping intensity in saturation zone. As the river and groundwater has unified water level (Plan A-160-130, total time of experiment is 2265min); as the water level is critical disjoined (Plan C-160-90, total time of experiment is 765min); after the water level disconnection (Plan F-160-40, total time of experiment is 890min), solute transport is slightly lower.
3、Based on the theory of saturated-unsaturated flow and solute transport, water flow and solute transport about nitrobenzene in the system of river and groundwater is modeled mathematically using FEMWATER module in the GMS.
4、Modelling results
(1) Once the relationship of river and groundwater stays the same, with the increase of solute concentration, the pollution degree in groundwater increases.
(2) The migration of nitrobenzene in groundwater is varying with changing relationship of river and groundwater. When the river level is changeless, the discharge level is critical "disjunction", the speed of solute transport is fastest.
本文以河流与地下水演化关系为主线,采用室内物理模拟实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究保守性物质NaCl与非保守性有机污染物硝基苯在河流-悬挂饱水带-包气带-地下水系统中的转化规律,构建对流、弥散、吸附共同作用下水流与溶质运移的耦合模型,定量描述河流污染对地下水的影响程度。
本文得到的结论有：
1、在无水动力驱动情况下的纯弥散作用下,随着时间的增加,溶质运移规律明显表现出重力分异现象,这个结论表明研究无水动力驱动下的溶质运移中重力作用是一个不可忽略的因素。
2、傍河抽水条件下,当河流与地下水具有统一浸润曲线时(A-160-130方案,实验总时间为2265min),随着抽水强度的增大,溶质运移速度增大；河流与地下水临界“脱节”时的溶质运移速度最大(C-160-90方案,实验总时间为765min)；当河流与地下水“脱节”之后,由于包气带的范围增大,溶质运移速度略有减小(F-160-40方案,实验总时间为890min)。
3、基于饱和-非饱和流理论及溶质运移理论,采用GMS中的FEMWATER模块构建饱和非饱和带中由对流、弥散、吸附等影响因素共同作用下的硝基苯迁移转化耦合模型。
4、模型结果
(1)模拟河流不同污染程度对地下水的影响,随着河流污染源的浓度的增大,地下水受污染的程度相应地增大。
(2)模拟不同河流与地下水转化关系下的饱和非饱和带中硝基苯的溶质运移规律,当河流与地下水处于临界“脱节”时,溶质运移速度最快。
The study of river pollution to groundwater during pumping near a stream has great theoretical and practical significance to development and innovation solute transport theory and research method in aquifer under rivers.
Based on the relationship between river and groundwater, the paper studied on water flow and solute transport rule about conservative substance NaCl and non-conservative substance nitrobenzene in river-impendent zone of saturation-zone of aeration-zone of saturation system, combined with indoor physical simulation experiment and numerical simulation. Considering the factor of convection, dispersion and adsorption, a water flow and solute transport coupling model has been built to quantificationally describe the influence of river pollution to groundwater.
The following conclusions can be concluded:
1、under the condition of no water driving effect, with the increase of time, the solute transport rule shows the gravity differentiation phenomenon. This conclution show that without water driving effect, gravity is an important factor in the process of solute transport.
2、Solute transport disciplines in river and groundwater show:the farther from the river, the longer concentration changing time is in horizontal direction; the distribution of solute concentration in the groundwater is changed from the inhomogeneous state in the upper section to the homogeneous state in lower section with the experiment time duration and the increasement of solute transport distance. The speed of solute transport becomes fast with the increase of pumping intensity in saturation zone. As the river and groundwater has unified water level (Plan A-160-130, total time of experiment is 2265min); as the water level is critical disjoined (Plan C-160-90, total time of experiment is 765min); after the water level disconnection (Plan F-160-40, total time of experiment is 890min), solute transport is slightly lower.
3、Based on the theory of saturated-unsaturated flow and solute transport, water flow and solute transport about nitrobenzene in the system of river and groundwater is modeled mathematically using FEMWATER module in the GMS.
4、Modelling results
(1) Once the relationship of river and groundwater stays the same, with the increase of solute concentration, the pollution degree in groundwater increases.
(2) The migration of nitrobenzene in groundwater is varying with changing relationship of river and groundwater. When the river level is changeless, the discharge level is critical "disjunction", the speed of solute transport is fastest.
引文
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[4]王文科,王钊,孔金玲.水资源管理决策支持系统与水源优化利用——以关中地区为例[M].北京：科学出版社.2007
[5]刘国栋,李俊亭.傍河强采地下水的渗流机理研究[J].中国科学,1997,27(4)：375-380
[6]Theis, C.V.1941.The effect of a well on the flow of a nearby stream, American Geophysical Union Transactions 22, No.3
[7]Hantush, M.S.1965.Wells near streams with semipervious beds, Journal of Geophysical Research 70, No.12
[8]Hunt.B. unsteady stream depletion from ground water pumping [J]. Ground Water; 1999.37, no.1:98-102.
[9]Chen X H, Y Yin. Streamflow depletion:Modeling of base flow reduction and stream infiltration from seasonally pumped wells [J]. Journal of American Water Resources Association,2001,37(1):185-195.
[10]Fox GA. D.S.Durnford. Unsaturated hyporheic zone flow in stream/aquifer conjunctive systems [J]. Advances in Water Resources2003,26:989-1000
[11]Garey A.Fox, A. M.ASCE and Leili Gordji. Consideration for unsaturated flow beneath a streambed during alluvial well depletion [J]. Journal of Hydrology engineering; march/april2007:139-145.
[12]王文科,李俊亭.“0-1多目标混合规划模型”在地下水开采设计中的应用[J].西安地质学学报,1991,13(9)：34-42
[13]郭东屏.傍河三维与二维井流的电模拟对比试验研究[J].西安地质学院学报,1993,15(增刊)：12-16
[14]李俊亭,王文科.西北地区五城市大型水源地地下水流模型若干问题研究[J].西安地质学院学报,1994,16(2)：61-69
[15]刘国东,李俊亭.傍河强采地下水的渗透机理研究.中国科学E辑：技术科学,1997,27(4)：375-380
[16]王文科,孔金玲等.黄河流域河水与地下水转化关系研究.中国科学E辑：技术科学,2004,(34增刊Ⅰ)：23-33
[17]王文科,李俊亭,王钊等.河流与地下水关系的演化及若干科学问题[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(2)：231-238
[18]Bourg, A.C., Bertin, C.,1993.Biogeochemical processes during the infiltration of river water into an alluvial aquifer.Envion.Sci.Technol.1993,27,661-666
[19]Macher, B.A.,1995.Developing a national drinking water regulation for disinfection of ground water.Ground Water Monit.Rem.1995,15 (4)77-84
[20]Grischek,T.,Hiscock,K.M.,Metschies,T.,Dennis,P.F.,Nestler, W.,1998.Factors affecting denitrification during infiltration of river water into a sand and gravel aquifer in Saxony,Germany. Water Res.32(2),450-460
[21]Verstraeten,I.M.,Carr,J.D.,Steele.G.V.,Thurman,E.M.,Bastian,K.c.,Dormedy,D.F.,1999,Surfacewater groundwater interaction:herbicide transport into municipal cokkector wells. J.Environ.Qual.28(5),1396-1405
[22]R.A.Sheets, R.A.Darner, B.L., Whitteberry.2002.Lag times of bank filtration at a well field, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.Journal of Hydrology 266(2002)162-174
[23]Alexandra Coynel, Jorg Schafer, Aymeric Dabrin, et al(2007). Groundwater contributions to metal transport in a small river affected by mining and smelting waste.Water Research,41:3420-3428.
[24]Steven W. Chapman, Beth L. Parker, John A. Cherry, et al.Groundwater-surface water interaction and its role on TCE groundwater plume attenuation. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology.2007 (91):203-232
[25]俞艳荣,李同福.滏阳河污水对沿岸地下水水质影响分析研究[J].水资源保护,1998(2)：39-45
[26]术洪亮,魏保军,王新民等.潍河流域下游地表污水对地下水水质影响的状态分析[J].吉林地质,1999,18(2)：37-41
[27]吴耀国,沈照理,钟佐燊等.污染的孝妇河对其流域裂隙水化学环境的影响[J].环境科学学报,1999,19(2)：137-141
[28]高宗军,高洪阁,李白英等.污染河水对地下水化学环境的影响[J].中国地质灾害预防之学报,2002,13(1)：89-93
[29]赵军.小凌河污染对沿岸地下水的影响[J].锦州师范学院学报,2003,24(3)：19-21
[30]柴宏伟,雷美清.金堤河对地下水污染演化的模拟研究[J].土工基础,2004,18(6)：61-63
[31]李志萍,陈肖刚,沈照理.污染河流中Cr(VI)对浅层地下水的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(1)：99-10
[32]李志萍,陈肖刚,郝仕龙等.污染河流中苯系物对浅层地下水影响的室内模拟试验[J].地球科学与环境学报,2007,29(1)：70-74
[33]李海明,陈鸿汉,郑西来.河床含水系统对单环芳烃净化特征室内模拟[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2006,31(6)：873-878
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