大跨公路隧道结构耐久性技术研究
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摘要
本文以广州龙头山大跨隧道为工程背景,归纳了隧道的耐久性的分析方法,通过现场和室内实验,提出优化配合比,预测了隧道的耐久性寿命,对提高隧道结构体系耐久性的方法进行了初步探讨。
为了分析龙头山大跨隧道结构的耐久性,本文作了大量的结构耐久性的调研工作,了解了一般结构耐久性研究现状以及研究进展,总结了影响结构耐久性的主要因素以及其作用原理,并将结构的一般性耐久性分析方法与龙头山隧道的实际情况结合,对龙头山隧道的耐久性进行研究。对隧道所处地质环境进行分析判断;根据目前混凝土结构耐久性的一般方法,做了大量混凝土配合比实验,提出适合龙头山隧道衬砌混凝土的配合比进行优化,理论上预测隧道的耐久性寿命和进行可靠度比较;提出提高隧道耐久性的技术措施。
龙头山隧道是国内规模最大的双向分离式单洞四车道公路隧道,隧道断面大,因此对于此隧道进行耐久性的研究是非常必要的,在工程实例的基础上,本文的主要研究内容有:
(1)介绍龙头山隧道的工程概况,通过广泛调研国内外大跨隧道工程实例,详细阐述了目前结构耐久性的研究方向以及主要的研究成果,提出隧道结构体系耐久性研究的思路;
(2)详细论述影响隧道结构耐久性的主要影响因素、作用原理,同时简述影响喷射混凝土耐久性的主要影响因素;
(3)对隧道使用环境进行分级,根据混凝土结构的耐久性研究的一般方法,做了大量混凝土优化配合比实验,提出针对龙头山隧道的混凝土优化配合比;
(4)对隧道衬砌耐久性寿命进行理论分析,并根据不同的理论,分析龙头山隧道衬砌结构的耐久性寿命,并对理论分析进行说明;
(5)在上面研究的基础上,基于可靠度理论从理论上研究衬砌结构的耐久性,并且比较相似四车道隧道与两车道隧道的可靠度,对其长期耐久性能进行分析比较;
(6)隧道防排水系统也是隧道耐久性的重要组成部分,基于耐久性试验已经对抗渗的自身耐久性能进行了分析,本部分主要研究保持排水系统通畅的施工工艺和方法,研究可及时清理维护的排水系统。
根据上面的研究成果,综合提出提高隧道耐久性的综合技术、对策。
With the practical project background of the Longtou Shan tunnel, it surnames the tunnel durability study method. By on-site and indoor experiments, it gets the optimized mix proportion ratio and forcasts the tunnel's life expectation. It makes the primary studies in improving the tunnel structure system's durability.
For the durability analysis of Longtou Shan long-span tunnel, it has done greatly investigation and search, generally acquired the situation and advance in the structure durability; summarized the factors and its action principle which influenced the durability of structure. At last, the thesis applies the generally durability analysis method to the practical situation of Longtou Shan tunnel study. So we study the on-site geological environment, then do many concretee experiences according to the generally structure durability analysis method, get the optimized mix ratio for Longtou Shan lining structure, and predict the durability life expectation of the tunnel and compare the reliability in the similar situation, make some technological method to improve the tunnel durability.
Longtou Shan tunnel is the largest bidirectional separated four-lane-road tunnel at present, its biggest excavation width is about 21m and excavation area is about 230m2, so it is necessary to study the long-span tunnel' durability. Based on the practical project, the main contexts studied are as followed:
(1) It has introduced the general project situation of Longtou Shan tunnel. Through studying the long-span tunnels home and aboard, it summarizes the direction of durability research and main achievement in this field, it lastly puts forward the research principal of the tunnel durability.
(2) It has stated in detail the factors and its action principle which influenced the tunnel lining structure's durability; it also explants the factors that influenced the shotcrete concretee's durability.
(3) It has classifies the environment where the tunnel is. According to the generally structure durability research method, we have done a lot of concretee optimized mix ratio experiences and got the optimized ratio for Longtou Shan tunnel.
(4) It mainly focuses on the life-expectation prediction of tunnel lining structure. According to the different prediction theory, it gives calculates the Longtou Shan tunnel lining durability life and explains the theories calculation resusts.
(5) Based on the above study, according to the theory of reliability, the chapter compares reliability between the four-lane tunnel and two-lane tunnel to analysis the lining structure durability.
(6) Waterproof and drainage system is one of important component part of tunnel; its durability deeply influences the tunnel's durability. In chapter 2 we have done many concretee experiences to study its anti-permeation itself, so this chapter we mainly study the construct technology and method which improves the system's mellifluence, and the drainage system can be clear and maintenance in time.
It summarizes the above study and gives some comprehensive method and technology to improve the durability of tunnel.
为了分析龙头山大跨隧道结构的耐久性,本文作了大量的结构耐久性的调研工作,了解了一般结构耐久性研究现状以及研究进展,总结了影响结构耐久性的主要因素以及其作用原理,并将结构的一般性耐久性分析方法与龙头山隧道的实际情况结合,对龙头山隧道的耐久性进行研究。对隧道所处地质环境进行分析判断;根据目前混凝土结构耐久性的一般方法,做了大量混凝土配合比实验,提出适合龙头山隧道衬砌混凝土的配合比进行优化,理论上预测隧道的耐久性寿命和进行可靠度比较;提出提高隧道耐久性的技术措施。
龙头山隧道是国内规模最大的双向分离式单洞四车道公路隧道,隧道断面大,因此对于此隧道进行耐久性的研究是非常必要的,在工程实例的基础上,本文的主要研究内容有:
(1)介绍龙头山隧道的工程概况,通过广泛调研国内外大跨隧道工程实例,详细阐述了目前结构耐久性的研究方向以及主要的研究成果,提出隧道结构体系耐久性研究的思路;
(2)详细论述影响隧道结构耐久性的主要影响因素、作用原理,同时简述影响喷射混凝土耐久性的主要影响因素;
(3)对隧道使用环境进行分级,根据混凝土结构的耐久性研究的一般方法,做了大量混凝土优化配合比实验,提出针对龙头山隧道的混凝土优化配合比;
(4)对隧道衬砌耐久性寿命进行理论分析,并根据不同的理论,分析龙头山隧道衬砌结构的耐久性寿命,并对理论分析进行说明;
(5)在上面研究的基础上,基于可靠度理论从理论上研究衬砌结构的耐久性,并且比较相似四车道隧道与两车道隧道的可靠度,对其长期耐久性能进行分析比较;
(6)隧道防排水系统也是隧道耐久性的重要组成部分,基于耐久性试验已经对抗渗的自身耐久性能进行了分析,本部分主要研究保持排水系统通畅的施工工艺和方法,研究可及时清理维护的排水系统。
根据上面的研究成果,综合提出提高隧道耐久性的综合技术、对策。
With the practical project background of the Longtou Shan tunnel, it surnames the tunnel durability study method. By on-site and indoor experiments, it gets the optimized mix proportion ratio and forcasts the tunnel's life expectation. It makes the primary studies in improving the tunnel structure system's durability.
For the durability analysis of Longtou Shan long-span tunnel, it has done greatly investigation and search, generally acquired the situation and advance in the structure durability; summarized the factors and its action principle which influenced the durability of structure. At last, the thesis applies the generally durability analysis method to the practical situation of Longtou Shan tunnel study. So we study the on-site geological environment, then do many concretee experiences according to the generally structure durability analysis method, get the optimized mix ratio for Longtou Shan lining structure, and predict the durability life expectation of the tunnel and compare the reliability in the similar situation, make some technological method to improve the tunnel durability.
Longtou Shan tunnel is the largest bidirectional separated four-lane-road tunnel at present, its biggest excavation width is about 21m and excavation area is about 230m2, so it is necessary to study the long-span tunnel' durability. Based on the practical project, the main contexts studied are as followed:
(1) It has introduced the general project situation of Longtou Shan tunnel. Through studying the long-span tunnels home and aboard, it summarizes the direction of durability research and main achievement in this field, it lastly puts forward the research principal of the tunnel durability.
(2) It has stated in detail the factors and its action principle which influenced the tunnel lining structure's durability; it also explants the factors that influenced the shotcrete concretee's durability.
(3) It has classifies the environment where the tunnel is. According to the generally structure durability research method, we have done a lot of concretee optimized mix ratio experiences and got the optimized ratio for Longtou Shan tunnel.
(4) It mainly focuses on the life-expectation prediction of tunnel lining structure. According to the different prediction theory, it gives calculates the Longtou Shan tunnel lining durability life and explains the theories calculation resusts.
(5) Based on the above study, according to the theory of reliability, the chapter compares reliability between the four-lane tunnel and two-lane tunnel to analysis the lining structure durability.
(6) Waterproof and drainage system is one of important component part of tunnel; its durability deeply influences the tunnel's durability. In chapter 2 we have done many concretee experiences to study its anti-permeation itself, so this chapter we mainly study the construct technology and method which improves the system's mellifluence, and the drainage system can be clear and maintenance in time.
It summarizes the above study and gives some comprehensive method and technology to improve the durability of tunnel.
引文
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[2]邸小坛,混凝土结构的耐久性综合调查报告,混凝土结构耐久性综合调查组,1990.1
[3]孙钧,地铁与过江隧道管片衬砌结构耐久性设计的若干问题,隧道与地下工程,2007
[4]高占学,隧道衬砌耐久性研究,同济大学:硕士论文,2003
[5]富文权,韩素芳,混凝土工程裂缝分析与控制,北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[6]韩继云,蔡鲁生,钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋锈蚀的试验研究,中国建筑院研究所,1991.9
[7]Corrison of metals in,SP-49,American Concretee Institute,Detroit,1975
[8]张誉,蒋利学,张伟平等,混凝土结构耐久性概论,上海,上海科技出版社,2003
[9]S.Morinaga,Prediction of Service Life of Reinforced Concretee Buildings Based on the Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel,Durablity of Building Materials and Components,Preceding of Fifth International Conference Helded in Bright on,UK,1990
[10]邸小坛,周燕,大气环境中钢筋锈蚀规律的研究,第四届全国混凝土耐久性学术交流会议论文集,1996
[11]龚洛书,柳春圃编著,混凝土的耐久性及其防护修补。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[12]刘亚芹,“混凝土碳化引起的钢筋锈蚀实用计算式”同济大学硕士论文
[13]孙维章,梁宋湘等,“锈蚀钢筋剩余承载能力的研究”,水利水运科学研究,1993(2)
[14]#12
[15]牛荻涛,混凝土结构耐久性与寿命预测,北京,科学出版社,2002
[16]牛荻涛,王庆霖,王林科,锈蚀开裂前混凝土中钢筋锈蚀量的预测模型,工业建筑,1996,26(4):8-10
[17]刘西拉,苗澎柯,混凝土结构中的钢筋腐蚀及其耐久性计算,土木工程学报,1990
[18]曹楚南编著,腐蚀电化学原理,北京:化学工业出版社,1985
[19]宋晓冰、藤智明,“钢筋锈蚀对保护层硅作用的定量分析”,1997年度研究报告;
[20]《铁道隧道设计规范》(TB 10003-2001),中华人民共和国铁道部
[21]Kiyoshi Okada,Kazuo Kobayashi,and Toyoaki Miyagawa.,"Influence of Longitudinal Cracking Due to Reinforceinent Corresion on Characteristics of Reinforced Concretee Member,ACI Structural.Journal,March-April,1998
[22]潘振华,牛荻涛,王庆霖,钢筋锈蚀开裂条件的试验研究,工业建筑,1999,29(5):45-49
[23]张伟平,混凝土结构的钢筋锈蚀损伤预测及其耐久性评估(博士学位论文)。同济大学,1999
[24]Z.P.Bazant,Physical Model for Steel Corrsion in Conceret Sea Structure Applicatilon,Journal of Structure Divison,ASCE.Vol.105,No.6,1979,PP 1155-1166
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