敦煌绿洲胡杨林土壤水盐特征研究
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摘要
植被和生态环境相互关系的研究一直是植物生态系统的重要内容,荒漠区植物群落和生态环境关系的研究将更好地阐明荒漠区生态环境状况和环境因子影响生态环境的变化趋势。作为荒漠区植被地下生境的关键因子,土壤水分与盐分的研究越来越多的受到学者的重视与关注。敦煌绿洲地处我国西北内陆,西与库布塔格沙漠接壤,是甘肃省内生态环境最脆弱的县市之一。近些年来,天然植被退化严重,沙尘暴频发,已经严重危害到人民生命财产的安全和社会经济的发展。植被生长环境特别是绿洲外围天然植被生长环境的研究与保护已迫在眉睫。本文以敦煌绿洲西湖国家级自然保护区胡杨林生长区域土壤为研究对象,采用定性与定量方法相结合、传统统计学与地统计学方法相结合的方式,对胡杨林下不同土层土壤水分、盐分和其它土壤特性之间以及不同胸径的胡杨林下土壤特性进行了分析研究。本文拟对敦煌绿洲自然保护区自然植被的保护与重建、绿洲水资源的合理开发与利用提供科学依据。为敦煌绿洲乃至我国西北地区生态环境恢复与建设,区域可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。论文共分为以下五部分。
第一部分首先阐述了选题背景及国内外土壤水盐的研究进展,在此基础上,论述了选题依据、研究意义及研究的理论与方法。
第二部分概述了敦煌绿洲及西湖自然保护区地理概况、生态环境状况及野外采样与室内实验方法。首先,从地貌、水资源、气候、植被、土壤和生态环境等方面简述了敦煌绿洲的自然地理环境;从行政区划、人口等方面简述了该绿洲的社会经济状况;从地理位置、规模面积等方面简述了西湖自然保护区概况。其次,详细介绍了野外采样及室内实验的具体时间、方法及采用的仪器设备。
第三部分通过室内土壤实验结果,对敦煌绿洲胡杨林下土壤水盐进行传统统计学分析。首先,对土壤水分、盐分及其它五种土壤特性的最大值、最小值、变异程度等实验数据基本特征进行统计对比,揭示其基本规律,并探讨其原因。其次,采用相关分析方法,分析各个土壤特性之间的相关关系。
第四部分对敦煌绿洲胡杨林下土壤水盐及其它土壤特性进行空间异质性分析。本章节采用目前较为流行的地统计学方法对土壤水分、盐分等土壤属性进行空间异质性分析,并对三个采样区域六个深度土层的土壤水分与盐分进行空间插值,得出空间插值拟合分布图。
第五部分总结全文,针对论文中存在的不足,提出未来有待进一步深入研究的方向。
The research on relationship between the vegetation and eco-environment is an important part of the plant ecosystem, and then the study on relationship between the desert communities and eco-environment can be better articulated the changed trends between the conditions and factors of eco-environment. Soil moisture and salinity are getting more and more attended and concerned by more scholars because they are the critical factors of underground habitats of desert vegetation. Dunhuang Oasis, located in Northwest of China, linked in Kumutage desert border with the West, is the most ecological fragile environmental city in Gansu. Recent years, the serious degradation of natural vegetation and frequencies of the dust storms have been harm to the safety of people's lives and property and social economic development. The study and the protection on the growth environment of vegetation, especially the growth in around of oasis has been imminent. This paper researched on the Populus euphratica’s soil in Xihu national nature reserve of Dunhuang Oasis, used qualitative and quantitative methods of combination, the traditional and geostatistics statistical methods. Those methods have been used to analyze the Water and salt, including other soil properties which are different layers and different DBH of the growth region soil of Populus euphratica. This paper gives us a scientific basis for protection and reconstruction of nature vegetation and the building of protected areas in Dunhuang Oasis, and also gives us references of the protection of the ecological environment of Dunhuang Oasis and northwest of China and regional sustainable development. It was divided into the following five sections.
The first part has explained the research background and the current research on the moisture and salinity home and abroad. At this theoretical
Explained the theoretical basis and rational of the present research and the research methodology.
The second part provides an geographic profile and ecological environmental of conditions of Dunhuang Oasis and the Xihu Nature Reserve, and also provides the field sampling and laboratory methods. First, outlining the natural environment of Dunhuang Oasis that included topography, water resources, climate, vegetation, soil and ecological environment and so on. This is followed by a survey of the social economic situation in the research area from such respects as administrative regionalization, population, etc. And a survey of the Xihu Nature Reserve has been followed that about location and size and so on. Secondly, introduction to the time, equipments, methods about laboratory and field sampling.
The third part uses the methods of traditional statistics to analyze the soil moisture and salinity under the Populus euphratica in Dunhuang Oasis .First, Comparing the experimental data for the maximum, minimum, the extent of variation of soil moisture and salinity and other characteristics to find the basic law and explored its causes. Second, using correlation method to analyze soil characteristics.
The forth part analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of soil characteristics under the Populus euphratica in Dunhuang Oasis. This section is used the geostatistical methods on soil moisture, soil salinity, and other attributes,
which are more popular in some studies. And also analyzed spatial interpolation for soil moisture and soil salinity of six different layers. At last we received the fitting distribution photograph of spatial interpolation
The last part has summarized the whole thesis. In accordance with the deficiency existing in this research, the thesis has pointed out the respects to be further investigated.
第一部分首先阐述了选题背景及国内外土壤水盐的研究进展,在此基础上,论述了选题依据、研究意义及研究的理论与方法。
第二部分概述了敦煌绿洲及西湖自然保护区地理概况、生态环境状况及野外采样与室内实验方法。首先,从地貌、水资源、气候、植被、土壤和生态环境等方面简述了敦煌绿洲的自然地理环境;从行政区划、人口等方面简述了该绿洲的社会经济状况;从地理位置、规模面积等方面简述了西湖自然保护区概况。其次,详细介绍了野外采样及室内实验的具体时间、方法及采用的仪器设备。
第三部分通过室内土壤实验结果,对敦煌绿洲胡杨林下土壤水盐进行传统统计学分析。首先,对土壤水分、盐分及其它五种土壤特性的最大值、最小值、变异程度等实验数据基本特征进行统计对比,揭示其基本规律,并探讨其原因。其次,采用相关分析方法,分析各个土壤特性之间的相关关系。
第四部分对敦煌绿洲胡杨林下土壤水盐及其它土壤特性进行空间异质性分析。本章节采用目前较为流行的地统计学方法对土壤水分、盐分等土壤属性进行空间异质性分析,并对三个采样区域六个深度土层的土壤水分与盐分进行空间插值,得出空间插值拟合分布图。
第五部分总结全文,针对论文中存在的不足,提出未来有待进一步深入研究的方向。
The research on relationship between the vegetation and eco-environment is an important part of the plant ecosystem, and then the study on relationship between the desert communities and eco-environment can be better articulated the changed trends between the conditions and factors of eco-environment. Soil moisture and salinity are getting more and more attended and concerned by more scholars because they are the critical factors of underground habitats of desert vegetation. Dunhuang Oasis, located in Northwest of China, linked in Kumutage desert border with the West, is the most ecological fragile environmental city in Gansu. Recent years, the serious degradation of natural vegetation and frequencies of the dust storms have been harm to the safety of people's lives and property and social economic development. The study and the protection on the growth environment of vegetation, especially the growth in around of oasis has been imminent. This paper researched on the Populus euphratica’s soil in Xihu national nature reserve of Dunhuang Oasis, used qualitative and quantitative methods of combination, the traditional and geostatistics statistical methods. Those methods have been used to analyze the Water and salt, including other soil properties which are different layers and different DBH of the growth region soil of Populus euphratica. This paper gives us a scientific basis for protection and reconstruction of nature vegetation and the building of protected areas in Dunhuang Oasis, and also gives us references of the protection of the ecological environment of Dunhuang Oasis and northwest of China and regional sustainable development. It was divided into the following five sections.
The first part has explained the research background and the current research on the moisture and salinity home and abroad. At this theoretical
Explained the theoretical basis and rational of the present research and the research methodology.
The second part provides an geographic profile and ecological environmental of conditions of Dunhuang Oasis and the Xihu Nature Reserve, and also provides the field sampling and laboratory methods. First, outlining the natural environment of Dunhuang Oasis that included topography, water resources, climate, vegetation, soil and ecological environment and so on. This is followed by a survey of the social economic situation in the research area from such respects as administrative regionalization, population, etc. And a survey of the Xihu Nature Reserve has been followed that about location and size and so on. Secondly, introduction to the time, equipments, methods about laboratory and field sampling.
The third part uses the methods of traditional statistics to analyze the soil moisture and salinity under the Populus euphratica in Dunhuang Oasis .First, Comparing the experimental data for the maximum, minimum, the extent of variation of soil moisture and salinity and other characteristics to find the basic law and explored its causes. Second, using correlation method to analyze soil characteristics.
The forth part analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of soil characteristics under the Populus euphratica in Dunhuang Oasis. This section is used the geostatistical methods on soil moisture, soil salinity, and other attributes,
which are more popular in some studies. And also analyzed spatial interpolation for soil moisture and soil salinity of six different layers. At last we received the fitting distribution photograph of spatial interpolation
The last part has summarized the whole thesis. In accordance with the deficiency existing in this research, the thesis has pointed out the respects to be further investigated.
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