福建省野生兰科植物种质资源调查与保育策略研究
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摘要
兰花是我国传统名花,由于其极高的观赏价值和药用价值,使其野生资源受到极大破坏。资源量急剧减少,人为过度采集、生境的破坏和丧失使兰科植物种质资源日趋枯竭,有些种类濒临灭绝。全面摸清福建省野生兰科植物的种质资源现状,进一步发掘新的野生种和近缘种,揭示其种群濒危机制,探索种质资源保育策略,对保护福建省野生兰科植物遗传资源以及野生兰科植物资源的合理开发利用都具有重要意义。
本文通过查阅大量标本和文献资料,并结合近两年的野外实地调查,对福建省野生兰科植物种质资源种类、资源蕴藏量、地理分布格局、区系类型等进行了较为详尽的分析;并以南靖虎伯寮自然保护区为例,探讨了野生兰科植物濒危机制及保育策略,针对保护区现状提出一些保护措施与建设性意见。主要研究结果如下:
1.福建省现有野生兰科植物65属151种,其中天麻属武夷山天麻为本区特有种,兜兰属紫纹兜兰(平和)为本次调查所发现新分布种。本区兰科植物地生、附生、腐生三种生活型齐全,并以地生兰为主,计38属89种,分别占总属数和总种数的58.5%和58.9%;其次为附生兰,有21属52种,分别占32.3%和34.4%;腐生兰分布较少,只有6属10种,分别占9.2%和6.7%。兰科植物在福建省内分布广泛,整体来说以闽西南的漳州地区、龙岩地区等和闽北的戴云山西北至武夷山东南坡分布的兰科植物最多。在水平分布上,兰科植物的分布规律基本与福建植被地带的划分是相一致的;在垂直分布上,主要分布在海拔500～1000m的地段。不同生活型的兰科植物分布集中地段稍有差异。
2.福建兰科植物区系成分复杂,共有11个分布类型;区系组成热带成分的属、种分别占总属数71.6%和总种数67.1%,说明福建兰科植物区系为热带性质。运用层次聚类法分析了福建省兰科植物区系与邻近地区的关系得知,本区兰科植物区系与广东、广西、云南、台湾关系密切,而与邻近的浙江、湖南、江西等省关系较远。
3.以南靖虎伯寮自然保护区为例,探讨兰科植物的保育策略及成效。结果显示:保护区采取的保护原生境、人工恢复、划定保护小区等措施,对野生兰科植物的恢复起到积极作用。针对保护区兰科植物恢复现状,提出一些建设性意见。
The orchid flora is a precious traditional flower in china, as a result of its extremely high ornamental value and medicinal purposes value, its wild resources was received the enormous destruction. The amount of resources reduces suddenly, the excessively artificial collection, the excessive destruction and loss of habitat cause the germplasm resources of the orchidaceous plants to dry up day by day, even some species verge on extinction. To find out the present situation of the germplasm resources of the orchidaceous plants comprehensively, to further exhume the new wild species and relative Species, To reveal its endangerment mechanism of the populations, to explore the conservation strategy of the resources, have important significance on protecting the genetic resources of the wild orchidaceous plants in Fujian Province as well as its reasonable development and utilization.
By referring to the massive specimens and the literature, and combined with the recent two year of field survey in field, This article carried on a more exhaustive analysis to the kinds of the germplasm resources of the wild orchidaceous plants in Fujian Province, and the resources reserves, the geographic distribution pattern, the types of flora. And take the Huboliao nature reserve of in Nanjing as the example, discussed the endangerment mechanism and the conservation strategy of the wild orchidaceous plants, proposed some protective measures and the constructive opinion in view of the protectorate present situation. The main results are as follows:
1. The wild orchidaceous plants in Fujian Province comprise 151 species in 65 genera, the peculiar specie is Gastrodia.wuyishanensis, the new distribution species is Paphipedilum purpuratum (Pinghe) in this investigation. The wild orchidaceous plants have three kinds of life types: tenestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid, saprophytic orchid. Tenestrial orchid is dominative among them, which comprises 89 species in 38 generas , accounting for 58.5 and 58.9 percent to the overall genera and species, secondly, epiphytic orchid comprise 52 species in 21 generas, accounting for 32.3 and 34.4 percent; The distribution of saprophytic orchid are few, which only comprise 10 species in 2 genera, accounting for 9.2 and 6.7 percent. The orchidaceous plants distributes widely in Fujian province, which mostly distributes in Zhangzhou area, Longyan area and the northwest slope of Daiyunshan to southeast slope of Wuyishan. On the level distribution, the distribution regularity of the wild orchidaceous plants is basically consistent with vegetation belt in Fujian; On the vertical distribution, it mainly distributes the elevation 500~1000m land lot. The different life types of it have the difference slightly in concentrated sections.
2.The component of the orchid flora in Fujian is complex, altogether has 11 distribution patterns. The genera and species belonging to tropics component serperately occupy 71.6 and 67.1 percent to the overall genera and species, which illuminate that the orchid flora in Fujian belong to tropics nature. Analyzing the relation between the orchid flora in Fujian and the vicinities by appling to cluster analysis, the orchid flora in Fujian is the most closely related with Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan,but has the short relation with Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi.
3.Take the Huboliao nature reserve of in Nanjing as the example, the results show that: the nature reserve adopts the original habitat of the protection, artificial restoration and carving up plot play the psitive effect on the restoration of the wild orchidaceous plants, according to the present situation of the restoration on orchidaceous plants of the nature reserve, We put forward some constructive suggestions.
本文通过查阅大量标本和文献资料,并结合近两年的野外实地调查,对福建省野生兰科植物种质资源种类、资源蕴藏量、地理分布格局、区系类型等进行了较为详尽的分析;并以南靖虎伯寮自然保护区为例,探讨了野生兰科植物濒危机制及保育策略,针对保护区现状提出一些保护措施与建设性意见。主要研究结果如下:
1.福建省现有野生兰科植物65属151种,其中天麻属武夷山天麻为本区特有种,兜兰属紫纹兜兰(平和)为本次调查所发现新分布种。本区兰科植物地生、附生、腐生三种生活型齐全,并以地生兰为主,计38属89种,分别占总属数和总种数的58.5%和58.9%;其次为附生兰,有21属52种,分别占32.3%和34.4%;腐生兰分布较少,只有6属10种,分别占9.2%和6.7%。兰科植物在福建省内分布广泛,整体来说以闽西南的漳州地区、龙岩地区等和闽北的戴云山西北至武夷山东南坡分布的兰科植物最多。在水平分布上,兰科植物的分布规律基本与福建植被地带的划分是相一致的;在垂直分布上,主要分布在海拔500～1000m的地段。不同生活型的兰科植物分布集中地段稍有差异。
2.福建兰科植物区系成分复杂,共有11个分布类型;区系组成热带成分的属、种分别占总属数71.6%和总种数67.1%,说明福建兰科植物区系为热带性质。运用层次聚类法分析了福建省兰科植物区系与邻近地区的关系得知,本区兰科植物区系与广东、广西、云南、台湾关系密切,而与邻近的浙江、湖南、江西等省关系较远。
3.以南靖虎伯寮自然保护区为例,探讨兰科植物的保育策略及成效。结果显示:保护区采取的保护原生境、人工恢复、划定保护小区等措施,对野生兰科植物的恢复起到积极作用。针对保护区兰科植物恢复现状,提出一些建设性意见。
The orchid flora is a precious traditional flower in china, as a result of its extremely high ornamental value and medicinal purposes value, its wild resources was received the enormous destruction. The amount of resources reduces suddenly, the excessively artificial collection, the excessive destruction and loss of habitat cause the germplasm resources of the orchidaceous plants to dry up day by day, even some species verge on extinction. To find out the present situation of the germplasm resources of the orchidaceous plants comprehensively, to further exhume the new wild species and relative Species, To reveal its endangerment mechanism of the populations, to explore the conservation strategy of the resources, have important significance on protecting the genetic resources of the wild orchidaceous plants in Fujian Province as well as its reasonable development and utilization.
By referring to the massive specimens and the literature, and combined with the recent two year of field survey in field, This article carried on a more exhaustive analysis to the kinds of the germplasm resources of the wild orchidaceous plants in Fujian Province, and the resources reserves, the geographic distribution pattern, the types of flora. And take the Huboliao nature reserve of in Nanjing as the example, discussed the endangerment mechanism and the conservation strategy of the wild orchidaceous plants, proposed some protective measures and the constructive opinion in view of the protectorate present situation. The main results are as follows:
1. The wild orchidaceous plants in Fujian Province comprise 151 species in 65 genera, the peculiar specie is Gastrodia.wuyishanensis, the new distribution species is Paphipedilum purpuratum (Pinghe) in this investigation. The wild orchidaceous plants have three kinds of life types: tenestrial orchid, epiphytic orchid, saprophytic orchid. Tenestrial orchid is dominative among them, which comprises 89 species in 38 generas , accounting for 58.5 and 58.9 percent to the overall genera and species, secondly, epiphytic orchid comprise 52 species in 21 generas, accounting for 32.3 and 34.4 percent; The distribution of saprophytic orchid are few, which only comprise 10 species in 2 genera, accounting for 9.2 and 6.7 percent. The orchidaceous plants distributes widely in Fujian province, which mostly distributes in Zhangzhou area, Longyan area and the northwest slope of Daiyunshan to southeast slope of Wuyishan. On the level distribution, the distribution regularity of the wild orchidaceous plants is basically consistent with vegetation belt in Fujian; On the vertical distribution, it mainly distributes the elevation 500~1000m land lot. The different life types of it have the difference slightly in concentrated sections.
2.The component of the orchid flora in Fujian is complex, altogether has 11 distribution patterns. The genera and species belonging to tropics component serperately occupy 71.6 and 67.1 percent to the overall genera and species, which illuminate that the orchid flora in Fujian belong to tropics nature. Analyzing the relation between the orchid flora in Fujian and the vicinities by appling to cluster analysis, the orchid flora in Fujian is the most closely related with Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan,but has the short relation with Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi.
3.Take the Huboliao nature reserve of in Nanjing as the example, the results show that: the nature reserve adopts the original habitat of the protection, artificial restoration and carving up plot play the psitive effect on the restoration of the wild orchidaceous plants, according to the present situation of the restoration on orchidaceous plants of the nature reserve, We put forward some constructive suggestions.
引文
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