论保险诈骗罪的认定
摘要
本论文是针对保险诈骗罪相关问题进行的认定。首先在前言部分笔者对此罪的立法现状的简要阐述;其次对保险诈骗罪的各个问题进行系统全面的分析研究:保险诈骗罪的自然人主体不应该限定在特殊主体范畴内;单位在触犯保险诈骗罪同时触犯其他主体不能为单位的罪名时,单位负责人应当承担相应责任;保险诈骗罪的主观要件应包含“以非法占有为目的”并阐述“以非法占有为目的”的基本含义;保险诈骗罪是存在未遂形态的,其行为以行为人开始向保险人索赔为实施行为的着手;在本罪认定中,对既遂起决定性作用的应是犯罪所得数额,只有在无犯罪所得数额的时候才参考犯罪指向数额;投保人、被保险人、受益人与保险公司内部工作人员的共同犯罪行为应根据具体情况不同分别定性;行为人实施了制造保险事故的犯罪行为,但没有向保险人索赔的,不应实行数罪并罚;对于刑法第一百九十八条第二款的规定出现罪名内部的不协调进行初步分析。
With the fact that development of insurance, it has produced insurance crime of fraud, this new model economy commits a crime.And other, the contract cheats or financial swindling is unlike to some extent being, buy insurance on legal insurance contract basis defrauding building-up, and the behavior making use of insurance has certain anticipating that nature characteristic , thorough committing a crime being in progress.Oppression being sure that the behavior defrauding has no way to estimate to national economy , life, even development of the whole world insurance may bring about.Therefore, nowadays all the countries in the world will be sure that the behavior defrauding is the priority that economic crimes strikes. When our country middle applies the insurance crime of fraud corporal punishment article to actual judicial practice, a lot of discovering a social being is sure that the behavior defrauding has no way to firmly believe that , this demands the law scholar and the judiciary worker to will be sure that crime of fraud and reality analyse and firmly believe that further combining with having problem commonly to corporal punishment in the article each other right away.
The main body of a book is allotted together for five parts. Part I is the problem discussing insurance crime of fraud main body. Provisions of the criminal law is sure that the crime of fraud main body is the peculiar main body , is an applicant , beneficiary , assured. The main body defrauding the behavior putting into effect in practice middle , a lot of representative insurance has exceeded but above-mentioned three kinds main bodies , has been to be sure that crime of fraud , such are very harmful for to cracking down on committing a crime strictly according to that provisions of the criminal law has no way to firmly believe that right away. Be the peculiar main body to being sure that the crime of fraud main body does not respond to regulation.At the same time, crime of fraud has also been in progress to unit criminal insurance discuss that. When means behavior being able to only be put into effect by natural man in appearing to commit murder and arson, hurting and so on, have no way to be in progress to above-mentioned unit means behavior impose punishment on, can only set mind on the punishment defrauding crime , such for insurance having violated responsibility for an offence alone adapting to principle each other.Commit insurance crime of fraud to the unit ought to be in progress according to that pair of punishment makes principle impose punishment on, not only being going to carry out the punishment fits the crime punishing , moving towards to whose direct person in charge or relevance personnel it's the such behavior as committing murder and arson, hurting being put into effect to be in progress on the unit per se.
The main body of a book Part II important condition having discussed insurance crime of fraud teleonomy. But be sure that the crime of fraud article is middle have not stipulated that "taking deforcing as purpose " together, this does not indicate that insurance crime of fraud does not need teleonomy important condition. The peculiar accusation being sure that crime of fraud is crime of fraud ought to satisfy crime of fraud's composing important condition, and angle analysis is it can be seen by the fact that the characteristic and behavior learn to the criminal act, be sure that crime of fraud is "to take deforcing as purpose " as teleonomy important condition."Be sure that crime of fraud hits the target to deforce responding to for purpose " hits the target "deforcing" holding that four kinds right can not one of in civil law in proprietary right, understand that for being illegal possessions. Can be confined to the behavior people at the same time neither as the main body deforcing self, should include deforcing using third people (include an unit).
Part III carries out the main body of a book on insurance crime of fraud stoppage form firm belief discuss that. Be sure that crime of fraud is not that person begins to put the behavior fabricating the insurance bid , fabricating the insurance accident never being happening , exaggerating the accident losing degree , creating insurance's into practice as setting about a standard with behavior, these join the characteristic not having reflected insurance crime of fraud completely although behavior being objective insurance crime of fraud aspect.Should according to the characteristic being sure defrauding behavior , with setting about a standard be set mind on for the behavior beginning to apply to be paid an insurance fee's to the assurer with behavior people. That crime of fraud offends insurance as result is to there exist the abortive form in necessity, and the person gains by cheating to the insurance fee accomplished offense the and abortive standard it is behavior people to be actual or not. In the number firmly believe that go ahead , commit a crime the gains number committing a crime is the number being convicted most when the accomplished offense,; The nothing commits a crime when gains forehead, ought to consult committing a crime directing number.
The main body of a book Part IV problem having discussed insurance crime of fraud accomplice. Corporal punishment 4th of the 198th is one kind pay attention to nature regulation , is only the content stipulating content reiterating that or concretization , being not able to change relevance regulation's to the relevance. In practice, accomplice of the staff member condition frequently happens in the inside of applicant , beneficiary , assured and insurance company , should invade and occupy crime according to grafting crime , post , is sure that the punishment degree of seriousness defrauding the crime being legal is different, diversity of behavior person host accessary criminal role.Concrete conditions is analysed concretely: The insurance company staff member has no the accomplice who makes use of convenient of post to should set mind on the crime defrauding for insurance under condition anymore,; Under insurance company staff member convenient condition of having made use of post, different from to committing a crime, the character ponderance and legal punishment degree of seriousness etc. affects a factor , possibility composes the condition grafting the two kinds crime accomplice or insurance crime of fraud accomplice according to the principal criminal. Strive to achieve striking a criminal act severely , observe and the principle that responsibility for an offence punishment adapts to each other.
The main body of a book Part V is to be in progress to firm belief being sure that crime of fraud puts the blame on a number discuss that. Under being sure that crime of fraud has not accomplished a form, imply behavior person such behavior as having been put into effect only setting on fire when not lodging claims to the assurer the behavior people,range not exceeding crime of arson waiting for crime, the stage belonging to it's the behavior within committing a crime composing important condition completely , should be sure that what accident brings about commits a crime with insurance crime of fraud with fabrication to get ready for handles according to the implicated offender.Legislation have not assumed regulation as inflicting punishment on sort to these means behavior crime numbers in may manage to embody other in the clause , being tired out unnecessarily again in corporal punishment article the 2nd regulation the 198th is that the legislator is face to face foreseeable , means commits a crime to corporal punishment clear ponderance cognition, states to the means behavior such as fabricating a bid , exaggerating degree of damage , fabricating false accident cause , fabricating the insurance accident never being happening that corporal punishment the 198th stipulates among the 1st.
Can foreseeing to , with the development of insurance , be sure that defrauding means may be continuing without end, therefore, the judiciary reality affair personnel needs to take legal rules as foundation , persist in combining with practice each other all the time, analysis studies to the new problem appearing , new timely accurate condition being in progress, the strike being in progress forceful , thereby standard insurance marketplace , ultimate guarantee social and economic activities harmonious development defrauding behavior to insurance.
With the fact that development of insurance, it has produced insurance crime of fraud, this new model economy commits a crime.And other, the contract cheats or financial swindling is unlike to some extent being, buy insurance on legal insurance contract basis defrauding building-up, and the behavior making use of insurance has certain anticipating that nature characteristic , thorough committing a crime being in progress.Oppression being sure that the behavior defrauding has no way to estimate to national economy , life, even development of the whole world insurance may bring about.Therefore, nowadays all the countries in the world will be sure that the behavior defrauding is the priority that economic crimes strikes. When our country middle applies the insurance crime of fraud corporal punishment article to actual judicial practice, a lot of discovering a social being is sure that the behavior defrauding has no way to firmly believe that , this demands the law scholar and the judiciary worker to will be sure that crime of fraud and reality analyse and firmly believe that further combining with having problem commonly to corporal punishment in the article each other right away.
The main body of a book is allotted together for five parts. Part I is the problem discussing insurance crime of fraud main body. Provisions of the criminal law is sure that the crime of fraud main body is the peculiar main body , is an applicant , beneficiary , assured. The main body defrauding the behavior putting into effect in practice middle , a lot of representative insurance has exceeded but above-mentioned three kinds main bodies , has been to be sure that crime of fraud , such are very harmful for to cracking down on committing a crime strictly according to that provisions of the criminal law has no way to firmly believe that right away. Be the peculiar main body to being sure that the crime of fraud main body does not respond to regulation.At the same time, crime of fraud has also been in progress to unit criminal insurance discuss that. When means behavior being able to only be put into effect by natural man in appearing to commit murder and arson, hurting and so on, have no way to be in progress to above-mentioned unit means behavior impose punishment on, can only set mind on the punishment defrauding crime , such for insurance having violated responsibility for an offence alone adapting to principle each other.Commit insurance crime of fraud to the unit ought to be in progress according to that pair of punishment makes principle impose punishment on, not only being going to carry out the punishment fits the crime punishing , moving towards to whose direct person in charge or relevance personnel it's the such behavior as committing murder and arson, hurting being put into effect to be in progress on the unit per se.
The main body of a book Part II important condition having discussed insurance crime of fraud teleonomy. But be sure that the crime of fraud article is middle have not stipulated that "taking deforcing as purpose " together, this does not indicate that insurance crime of fraud does not need teleonomy important condition. The peculiar accusation being sure that crime of fraud is crime of fraud ought to satisfy crime of fraud's composing important condition, and angle analysis is it can be seen by the fact that the characteristic and behavior learn to the criminal act, be sure that crime of fraud is "to take deforcing as purpose " as teleonomy important condition."Be sure that crime of fraud hits the target to deforce responding to for purpose " hits the target "deforcing" holding that four kinds right can not one of in civil law in proprietary right, understand that for being illegal possessions. Can be confined to the behavior people at the same time neither as the main body deforcing self, should include deforcing using third people (include an unit).
Part III carries out the main body of a book on insurance crime of fraud stoppage form firm belief discuss that. Be sure that crime of fraud is not that person begins to put the behavior fabricating the insurance bid , fabricating the insurance accident never being happening , exaggerating the accident losing degree , creating insurance's into practice as setting about a standard with behavior, these join the characteristic not having reflected insurance crime of fraud completely although behavior being objective insurance crime of fraud aspect.Should according to the characteristic being sure defrauding behavior , with setting about a standard be set mind on for the behavior beginning to apply to be paid an insurance fee's to the assurer with behavior people. That crime of fraud offends insurance as result is to there exist the abortive form in necessity, and the person gains by cheating to the insurance fee accomplished offense the and abortive standard it is behavior people to be actual or not. In the number firmly believe that go ahead , commit a crime the gains number committing a crime is the number being convicted most when the accomplished offense,; The nothing commits a crime when gains forehead, ought to consult committing a crime directing number.
The main body of a book Part IV problem having discussed insurance crime of fraud accomplice. Corporal punishment 4th of the 198th is one kind pay attention to nature regulation , is only the content stipulating content reiterating that or concretization , being not able to change relevance regulation's to the relevance. In practice, accomplice of the staff member condition frequently happens in the inside of applicant , beneficiary , assured and insurance company , should invade and occupy crime according to grafting crime , post , is sure that the punishment degree of seriousness defrauding the crime being legal is different, diversity of behavior person host accessary criminal role.Concrete conditions is analysed concretely: The insurance company staff member has no the accomplice who makes use of convenient of post to should set mind on the crime defrauding for insurance under condition anymore,; Under insurance company staff member convenient condition of having made use of post, different from to committing a crime, the character ponderance and legal punishment degree of seriousness etc. affects a factor , possibility composes the condition grafting the two kinds crime accomplice or insurance crime of fraud accomplice according to the principal criminal. Strive to achieve striking a criminal act severely , observe and the principle that responsibility for an offence punishment adapts to each other.
The main body of a book Part V is to be in progress to firm belief being sure that crime of fraud puts the blame on a number discuss that. Under being sure that crime of fraud has not accomplished a form, imply behavior person such behavior as having been put into effect only setting on fire when not lodging claims to the assurer the behavior people,range not exceeding crime of arson waiting for crime, the stage belonging to it's the behavior within committing a crime composing important condition completely , should be sure that what accident brings about commits a crime with insurance crime of fraud with fabrication to get ready for handles according to the implicated offender.Legislation have not assumed regulation as inflicting punishment on sort to these means behavior crime numbers in may manage to embody other in the clause , being tired out unnecessarily again in corporal punishment article the 2nd regulation the 198th is that the legislator is face to face foreseeable , means commits a crime to corporal punishment clear ponderance cognition, states to the means behavior such as fabricating a bid , exaggerating degree of damage , fabricating false accident cause , fabricating the insurance accident never being happening that corporal punishment the 198th stipulates among the 1st.
Can foreseeing to , with the development of insurance , be sure that defrauding means may be continuing without end, therefore, the judiciary reality affair personnel needs to take legal rules as foundation , persist in combining with practice each other all the time, analysis studies to the new problem appearing , new timely accurate condition being in progress, the strike being in progress forceful , thereby standard insurance marketplace , ultimate guarantee social and economic activities harmonious development defrauding behavior to insurance.
引文
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[6] 林荫茂、陆爱勤:《保险违约与保险犯罪》,中国检察出版社 2002 年版。
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[10]章有士主编:《保险法教程》,法律出版社 1995 年版。
[11]赵秉志、肖中华:《刑法各论问题研究》,中国法制出版社 1996 年版。
[12]江礼华、周其华:《新刑法研究与适用》,人民法院出版社 2000 年版。
[13]许成磊:《金融犯罪的惩治与防范》,西苑出版社 2000 年版。
[1] 徐立:《保险诈骗罪的既遂和未遂形态刍议》,《河北法学》第 23 卷第3 期 2005 年 3 月。
[2] 于改之:《保险诈骗罪的司法认定》,《法律适用月刊》2003 年 7 月总第 208 期。
[3] 林荫茂:《保险诈骗犯罪定性问题研究》,《政治与法律》2002 年第 2期。
[4] 牛建平:《保险诈骗罪若干问题研究》,《重庆大学学报》2002 年第 8卷第 5 期。
[5] 张明楷:《保险诈骗罪的基本问题探究》,《法学》2001 年第 1 期。
[6] 杜国强:《保险诈骗罪共犯问题研究》,《人民检察》2005 年(上)。
[7] 周铭川、张泽吾:《保险诈骗行为着手的认定》,《福建公安高等专科学校学报――社会公共安全研究》第 16 卷第 6 期 2002 年 11 月。
[8] 花林广:《论保险诈骗罪》,《中国刑事法杂志》2003 年第 2 期。
[9] 杨毓显:《保险诈骗罪疑难问题研究》,《学术探索》2004 年第 8 期 2004年 8 月。
[10]肖乾利、雷伟:《保险诈骗罪若干问题之探析》,《宜宾学院学报》2005第三期。
[11]黄守华:《保险诈骗罪适用法律的几个问题》,《贵州民族学院学报》2002 年第 2 期。
[12]朱章程:《保险诈骗罪着手之探讨》,《黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报》2005 年 6 期。
[13]陈庆安:《关于保险诈骗罪中“着手”的认定》,《中国保险管理干部学院报》2002 年第 2 期。
[2] 章有士主编:《保险法教程》,法律出版社 1995 年版,第 28 页。
[3] 袁伟、韩德峰:《保险欺诈行为与保险诈骗罪》,《河南金融管理干部学院学报》2000 年第 1 期,第 53 页。
[4] 何秉松主编:《刑法教科书》,中国法制出版社 1997 年版,第 730 页。
[5] 孙文红:《保险诈骗罪若干问题研究》,《国家检察官学院学报》2003年月第 11 卷第 3 期,第 38-39 页。
[6] 邹志宏:《论保险诈骗罪的立法缺陷及其完善》,“北大法律信息网 ” ,http://www.chinalawinfo.com/research/academy/details.asp?lid=2123,2002 年 7 月 3 日。
[7] 邹志宏:《论保险诈骗罪的立法缺陷及其完善》,“北大法律信息网”tp://www.chinalawinfo.com/research/academy/details.asp?lid=2123,2002 年 7 月 3 日。
[8] 杨毓显:《保险诈骗罪疑难问题研究》,《学术探索》2004 年第 8 期,第 64 页。
[9] 赵秉志主编:《金融诈骗罪新论》,人民法院出版社 2001 年版,第 16页、第 336 页以下。
[10]陈兴良:《论金融诈骗罪主观目的的认定》,《刑事司法指南》2000 年第(第 1 辑),第 62 页。
[11]刘宪权、卢勤忠:《金融犯罪理论专题研究》,复旦大学出版社 2002年版第 533-534 页。
[12]张明楷:《保险诈骗罪的基本问题探究》,《法学》2001 年第 1 期,第34 页。
[13]林际东:《法学通论》,中国台湾远东图书出版公司 1953 年版,第 89页。
[14][日]木村龟二,顾肖荣等译:《刑法学词典》[M],上海翻译出版公司1991 年版,第 684 页。
[15][日]大谷实:《刑法讲义总论》,成文堂 1994 年第 4 版,第 185 页。
[16]蔡墩铭:《刑法各论》,三民书局 1978 年修正版,第 233 页。
[17]张明楷:《保险诈骗罪的基本问题探究》,《法学》2001 年第 1 期,第35 页。
[18]赵秉志主编:《中国刑法案例与学理研究分则篇(二)--破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪》,法律出版社 2001 年版,第 108 页。
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[1] 徐立:《保险诈骗罪的既遂和未遂形态刍议》,《河北法学》第 23 卷第3 期 2005 年 3 月。
[2] 于改之:《保险诈骗罪的司法认定》,《法律适用月刊》2003 年 7 月总第 208 期。
[3] 林荫茂:《保险诈骗犯罪定性问题研究》,《政治与法律》2002 年第 2期。
[4] 牛建平:《保险诈骗罪若干问题研究》,《重庆大学学报》2002 年第 8卷第 5 期。
[5] 张明楷:《保险诈骗罪的基本问题探究》,《法学》2001 年第 1 期。
[6] 杜国强:《保险诈骗罪共犯问题研究》,《人民检察》2005 年(上)。
[7] 周铭川、张泽吾:《保险诈骗行为着手的认定》,《福建公安高等专科学校学报――社会公共安全研究》第 16 卷第 6 期 2002 年 11 月。
[8] 花林广:《论保险诈骗罪》,《中国刑事法杂志》2003 年第 2 期。
[9] 杨毓显:《保险诈骗罪疑难问题研究》,《学术探索》2004 年第 8 期 2004年 8 月。
[10]肖乾利、雷伟:《保险诈骗罪若干问题之探析》,《宜宾学院学报》2005第三期。
[11]黄守华:《保险诈骗罪适用法律的几个问题》,《贵州民族学院学报》2002 年第 2 期。
[12]朱章程:《保险诈骗罪着手之探讨》,《黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报》2005 年 6 期。
[13]陈庆安:《关于保险诈骗罪中“着手”的认定》,《中国保险管理干部学院报》2002 年第 2 期。