鱼肝油废水处理技术的应用与分析研究
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摘要
随着油类及其制品于在国民经济的各个领域和人类的日常生活中广泛地应用,以及油制品的种类和用量与日剧增,含油废水是众多行业都产生的重要污染因子之一,在如石油化工、金属加工、粮油加工、皮革制造、纺织制品、食品等加工业中,其废水排放已成为造成水体环境污染的一个重要影响因素,大自然环境的承载力也日趋加重。如果处理不当,对水体、土壤以及人体都将造成很大的危害。乳化液废水有机物浓度高,乳化油表面性质复杂,其表面活性剂还使乳化油处于稳定状态,难以合并,难以分离,使得乳化油类废水较难处理。
国内外非常重视研究乳化油废水的处理方法,常用的方法有重力法、絮凝法、气浮法、电化学法、生物法、磁化法、膜分离技术等,也指导了在实际的工程中应用,在实际的乳化油废水处理系统中有的也取得了较好的处理效果,但纵观发现,这些乳化油废水处理系统大多都处于系统比较繁琐、比较复杂,还比如废水处理过程中需要添加多种破乳剂、絮凝剂,破乳剂、絮凝剂的种类、添加的剂量、添加的顺序,以及搅拌的时间,搅拌的速率都有要求,它们也直接关系到乳化油废水处理的效果。
本文介绍了鱼肝油生产废水处理实例。鱼肝油生产废水是乳化油废水在食品加工业的典型,且鱼肝油生产企业均耗水量大,由于排出的生产废水含有油、淀粉等,有机污染物浓度较高,水质随工艺时段变化较大,不稳定,易造成水体腐败进而造成局部地区的环境污染。
采用除浮油及乳化油预处理的方式对鱼肝油生产工业废水处理的新模式进行了探讨,通过实例,详细介绍了浮化油废水处理的“除浮油及乳化油预处理+厌氧+好氧”方式处理的工艺流程以及除乳化油中山大学专利技术——除油絮凝床的技术,构筑物设计参数及设备选型、运行情况和效果。结果表明其工艺流程在处理高浓度的有机废水方面具有良好的效果,并具有高效、快速、污泥量特别少、投资省、占地面积小、运转费用低、适用范围广,可作为其它含油脂废水处理的范本。
As oil and its products are applied wildly in each national economy's domain and in humanity's daily life, as well as the types and used-amount increase, so the oil waste-water become one of the most important factors in pollution. In many process industry, for example, Petrochemical Metal improvement、Cereal and oilseed processing、Leather manufacture、Textile、food and so on, the emission of waste-water had been an important cause in water pollution. The pressure of environmental carrying capacity of nature is becoming heavier. If the oil waste-water are not disposal properly, they will bring about harm to water、soil and human. As it is high in concentration in organic substance, the character in superficial is complex, and surface active agent makes emulsified oil be in stable state, The waste water which contain emulsified oil is hard to dispose.
It takes seriously to study the processing method of the emulsified oil waste water both in home and abroad. The commonly used methods are the treatment in gravity、the treatment in flocculation、the treatment in air-floatation、the treatment in electrochemistry the treatment in biology、the treatment in magnetization、the treatment in membrane and so on. They are used in many projects and also have got good effect. In other way, The system of disposing the emulsified oil waste-water is complex. For example, it needs de-emulsifier and flocculant. There are many factors which influent the effect of the disposing, such as the type of de-emulsifier and flocculant、the dose、the order、the time and the speed of the agitation.
There is an example which introduce how to disposing the waste-water of extracting Cod Liver Oil. It is a typical case in Food processing trades. Also, it is high consumption of water and issue waste-water with high concentration-organics as contain much oil、starch and so on. The quality of waste-water depends on the time bucket of the technological process, so it is variational and unstable. It is easy to cause water putrescent and environmental pollution.
It adopts pretreatment to remove the floating oil and emulsified oil, then, it uses a new model for the further disposing. The issue will introduce "pretreatment & anaerobic treatment & aerobic treatment" and Flocculation system for removing oil in detail which is a licensed technology of Zhongshan University. For example, design parameter of structure, model selection of equipment, effect of operation. The result shows that the process flow can take good effect, efficient, a little sludge, low invest, small total area, low working cost and wide application. And other waste water treatment can take it for reference.
国内外非常重视研究乳化油废水的处理方法,常用的方法有重力法、絮凝法、气浮法、电化学法、生物法、磁化法、膜分离技术等,也指导了在实际的工程中应用,在实际的乳化油废水处理系统中有的也取得了较好的处理效果,但纵观发现,这些乳化油废水处理系统大多都处于系统比较繁琐、比较复杂,还比如废水处理过程中需要添加多种破乳剂、絮凝剂,破乳剂、絮凝剂的种类、添加的剂量、添加的顺序,以及搅拌的时间,搅拌的速率都有要求,它们也直接关系到乳化油废水处理的效果。
本文介绍了鱼肝油生产废水处理实例。鱼肝油生产废水是乳化油废水在食品加工业的典型,且鱼肝油生产企业均耗水量大,由于排出的生产废水含有油、淀粉等,有机污染物浓度较高,水质随工艺时段变化较大,不稳定,易造成水体腐败进而造成局部地区的环境污染。
采用除浮油及乳化油预处理的方式对鱼肝油生产工业废水处理的新模式进行了探讨,通过实例,详细介绍了浮化油废水处理的“除浮油及乳化油预处理+厌氧+好氧”方式处理的工艺流程以及除乳化油中山大学专利技术——除油絮凝床的技术,构筑物设计参数及设备选型、运行情况和效果。结果表明其工艺流程在处理高浓度的有机废水方面具有良好的效果,并具有高效、快速、污泥量特别少、投资省、占地面积小、运转费用低、适用范围广,可作为其它含油脂废水处理的范本。
As oil and its products are applied wildly in each national economy's domain and in humanity's daily life, as well as the types and used-amount increase, so the oil waste-water become one of the most important factors in pollution. In many process industry, for example, Petrochemical Metal improvement、Cereal and oilseed processing、Leather manufacture、Textile、food and so on, the emission of waste-water had been an important cause in water pollution. The pressure of environmental carrying capacity of nature is becoming heavier. If the oil waste-water are not disposal properly, they will bring about harm to water、soil and human. As it is high in concentration in organic substance, the character in superficial is complex, and surface active agent makes emulsified oil be in stable state, The waste water which contain emulsified oil is hard to dispose.
It takes seriously to study the processing method of the emulsified oil waste water both in home and abroad. The commonly used methods are the treatment in gravity、the treatment in flocculation、the treatment in air-floatation、the treatment in electrochemistry the treatment in biology、the treatment in magnetization、the treatment in membrane and so on. They are used in many projects and also have got good effect. In other way, The system of disposing the emulsified oil waste-water is complex. For example, it needs de-emulsifier and flocculant. There are many factors which influent the effect of the disposing, such as the type of de-emulsifier and flocculant、the dose、the order、the time and the speed of the agitation.
There is an example which introduce how to disposing the waste-water of extracting Cod Liver Oil. It is a typical case in Food processing trades. Also, it is high consumption of water and issue waste-water with high concentration-organics as contain much oil、starch and so on. The quality of waste-water depends on the time bucket of the technological process, so it is variational and unstable. It is easy to cause water putrescent and environmental pollution.
It adopts pretreatment to remove the floating oil and emulsified oil, then, it uses a new model for the further disposing. The issue will introduce "pretreatment & anaerobic treatment & aerobic treatment" and Flocculation system for removing oil in detail which is a licensed technology of Zhongshan University. For example, design parameter of structure, model selection of equipment, effect of operation. The result shows that the process flow can take good effect, efficient, a little sludge, low invest, small total area, low working cost and wide application. And other waste water treatment can take it for reference.
引文
[1]雒文生,宋星原.水环境分析及预测[M].武汉：武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000.
[2]杜兵,刘寅.乳化油废水处理新技术[J].给水排水,2007,33(8)：62-64.
[3]郁宝兴.含油废水的分类及其处置[J].电力环境保护,1994,10(3)：46-50.
[4]桑义敏,张广远等.膜法处理含油废水研究进展[J].化工环保,2006,26(2)：122.
[5]周华兴等.船舶油污水处理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[6]Poulopoulos S Qetal. Stripping as a pretreatment process of industrial oily wastewater[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,117(2-3):135-139.
[7]侯士兵,玄雪梅,贾金平等.含油废水处理技术的研究与应用现状[J].上海化工,2003(9)：11-14.
[8]桑义敏,张广远等,膜法处理含油废水研究进展[J].化工环保,2006,26(2)：122.
[9]王曙光等.荧光渗透乳化油废水处理技术的研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2)：71.
[10]李正要等,乳化液废水处理方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2003,25(3)：204.
[11]吴晓弘,龚慧,含油乳化废水处理的应用研究[J].上海环境科学,2004,23(1)：28-31
[12]周华兴等.船舶油污水处理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[13]王庆生等.高效复合混凝剂净化含油废水技术试验[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(6)：34-36.
[14]杨永哲等.改进型复合碱式氯化铝在处理含油废水中的应用[J].给水排水,2001,27(12)：76-78.
[15]王国贵.含油废水处理技术的应用现状[J].环境科学与技术,997,(3)：32-38.
[16]袁惠民.含油废水处理方法[J].化工环保,1998,18(3)：34-36.
[17]Canizares Pablo, Martinez Fabiola, Lobato Justo, et al. Break-up of oil-in-water emulsions by electrochemical techniques [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,145(1-2):233-240.
[18]Ofir E, Oren Y, Adin A. Comparing pretreatment by iron of electro-flocculation and chemical flocculation[J].Desalination,2007,204(1-3):87-93.
[19]刘佳鑫,龚萍.电磁脉冲水处理技术在重钢浊环水系统的应用[J].冶金动力,2007(4)：59-61.
[20]任连锁,郑杰.电气浮处理含油废水技术研究与应用[J].小型油气藏,2006,11(1)：58-61.
[21]李恒进,田超,谢玉文.油田含油废水生化处理技术研究及应用[J].生产与环境,2006,6(8)：27-29.
[22]顾宗濂.动胶菌接触氧化法处理含油废水的工艺设计基础[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999,5(10)：1-4.
[23]金梁.石油降解菌的分离、鉴定及其降解能力的研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999,5(10)：127-129.
[24]郑学海等.廉价磁种及磁絮凝分离装置的开发与应用[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(8)：33-35.
[25]M. Cheryan, N. Rajagopalan. Membrane processing of oily streams Wastewater treatment and waste reduction [J]. Journal of Membrane Science 1998,151:13-28.
[26]张翼,于婷,等.含油废水处理方法研究进展[J].化工进展,2008(28)：11-55.
[27]孙莉英,杨昌柱.含油废水处理技术进展[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2002,19(3)：87-91.
[28]李正要等.乳化液废水处理方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,25(3)：203-206.
[29]梁丹,李春旺,田沛哲.含油废水的处理[J].现代制造工程.2003,8(增刊)：39-40.
[30]汪大晕,徐新华,宋爽.工业废水中专项污染物处理手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000：154-156.
[31]陆斌.一种含油乳化液废水处理技术的工程应用[J].环境工程.2001,19(3)：12-13.
[32]程晓如,杨开.微絮凝法处理含油废水试验研究[J].工业水处理,1996,16(6)：21.
[33]王心芳,魏复盛,等.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].中国环境科学出版社.
[34]李红莲,赖继荣.重铬酸盐法中回流时间对COD测定值影响的探讨[J].闽西职业大学学报,2004(2).
[35]杨海霞.我国COD监测方法进展及其优缺点[J].环境研究与监测,2010(2)：69-71.
[36]俞雪琴.浅谈废水中悬浮物测定[J].引进与咨询,2006(3)：40-41.
[37]宣肇菲等,水质色度测定—稀释倍数法探讨[J].干旱环境监测,2010,24(2)：126-128
[38]季林海,气浮法处理含油污水的工艺优化研究.[D],北京：中国石油大学
[39]污水综合排放标准[S](GB8978-1996).
[2]杜兵,刘寅.乳化油废水处理新技术[J].给水排水,2007,33(8)：62-64.
[3]郁宝兴.含油废水的分类及其处置[J].电力环境保护,1994,10(3)：46-50.
[4]桑义敏,张广远等.膜法处理含油废水研究进展[J].化工环保,2006,26(2)：122.
[5]周华兴等.船舶油污水处理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[6]Poulopoulos S Qetal. Stripping as a pretreatment process of industrial oily wastewater[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,117(2-3):135-139.
[7]侯士兵,玄雪梅,贾金平等.含油废水处理技术的研究与应用现状[J].上海化工,2003(9)：11-14.
[8]桑义敏,张广远等,膜法处理含油废水研究进展[J].化工环保,2006,26(2)：122.
[9]王曙光等.荧光渗透乳化油废水处理技术的研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2)：71.
[10]李正要等,乳化液废水处理方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2003,25(3)：204.
[11]吴晓弘,龚慧,含油乳化废水处理的应用研究[J].上海环境科学,2004,23(1)：28-31
[12]周华兴等.船舶油污水处理[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[13]王庆生等.高效复合混凝剂净化含油废水技术试验[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(6)：34-36.
[14]杨永哲等.改进型复合碱式氯化铝在处理含油废水中的应用[J].给水排水,2001,27(12)：76-78.
[15]王国贵.含油废水处理技术的应用现状[J].环境科学与技术,997,(3)：32-38.
[16]袁惠民.含油废水处理方法[J].化工环保,1998,18(3)：34-36.
[17]Canizares Pablo, Martinez Fabiola, Lobato Justo, et al. Break-up of oil-in-water emulsions by electrochemical techniques [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,145(1-2):233-240.
[18]Ofir E, Oren Y, Adin A. Comparing pretreatment by iron of electro-flocculation and chemical flocculation[J].Desalination,2007,204(1-3):87-93.
[19]刘佳鑫,龚萍.电磁脉冲水处理技术在重钢浊环水系统的应用[J].冶金动力,2007(4)：59-61.
[20]任连锁,郑杰.电气浮处理含油废水技术研究与应用[J].小型油气藏,2006,11(1)：58-61.
[21]李恒进,田超,谢玉文.油田含油废水生化处理技术研究及应用[J].生产与环境,2006,6(8)：27-29.
[22]顾宗濂.动胶菌接触氧化法处理含油废水的工艺设计基础[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999,5(10)：1-4.
[23]金梁.石油降解菌的分离、鉴定及其降解能力的研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999,5(10)：127-129.
[24]郑学海等.廉价磁种及磁絮凝分离装置的开发与应用[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(8)：33-35.
[25]M. Cheryan, N. Rajagopalan. Membrane processing of oily streams Wastewater treatment and waste reduction [J]. Journal of Membrane Science 1998,151:13-28.
[26]张翼,于婷,等.含油废水处理方法研究进展[J].化工进展,2008(28)：11-55.
[27]孙莉英,杨昌柱.含油废水处理技术进展[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2002,19(3)：87-91.
[28]李正要等.乳化液废水处理方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,25(3)：203-206.
[29]梁丹,李春旺,田沛哲.含油废水的处理[J].现代制造工程.2003,8(增刊)：39-40.
[30]汪大晕,徐新华,宋爽.工业废水中专项污染物处理手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000：154-156.
[31]陆斌.一种含油乳化液废水处理技术的工程应用[J].环境工程.2001,19(3)：12-13.
[32]程晓如,杨开.微絮凝法处理含油废水试验研究[J].工业水处理,1996,16(6)：21.
[33]王心芳,魏复盛,等.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].中国环境科学出版社.
[34]李红莲,赖继荣.重铬酸盐法中回流时间对COD测定值影响的探讨[J].闽西职业大学学报,2004(2).
[35]杨海霞.我国COD监测方法进展及其优缺点[J].环境研究与监测,2010(2)：69-71.
[36]俞雪琴.浅谈废水中悬浮物测定[J].引进与咨询,2006(3)：40-41.
[37]宣肇菲等,水质色度测定—稀释倍数法探讨[J].干旱环境监测,2010,24(2)：126-128
[38]季林海,气浮法处理含油污水的工艺优化研究.[D],北京：中国石油大学
[39]污水综合排放标准[S](GB8978-1996).