基于DSP的电能质量分析仪的硬件设计
摘要
当今社会,存在大量非线性负荷(如电弧炉等),虽然他们对生产力的提高给与了很大的帮助,但它们也在电力系统中导致了严重的电能质量恶化。另外,得益于微电子技术的发展,各种自动装置广泛应用,而这些装置对于电能质量下降极为敏感,因此在生产实践中出现了许多严重的事故,造成了巨大的损失。当今,如何提高电能质量、确保用电设备安全稳定的运行,已成了国内外广泛关注的焦点之一。
本文设计了一种基于数字信号处理器的电能质量分析装置,利用DSP芯片强大的计算功能进行电能质量在线监测,实时显示测量数据,保存超标数据,为电网电能质量的测评和电能质量的改善提供了准确的依据。本装置作为电能质量在线监测系统的现场监测终端,主要安装在中、低压配电端、大型电力用户输入端等现场。
论文首先介绍了电能质量的概念,电能质量问题的提出,电能质量的测量方法,电能质量在线监测的要求和实现方法,以及DSP处理器在电能质量测量中的应用和发展;然后详细介绍了本监测系统的数据采样和模数转换设计、DSP电路设计和一些特殊功能模块,比如瞬变监测模块,锁相环模块。
本装置利用TI公司的TMS320C6713作为系统的中央处理器,实现了对多项电能质量的实时测量。为满足实时性的要求,在硬件上采用CPLD来完成系统的逻辑控制。
实践表明,本电能质量综合测试装置具有很高的测量速度和测量精度,功能齐全,具有可扩展性,在性能和功能上优于同类产品,已经可以在配电网、工业园区等地方进行应用。
Nowadays, lots of electric inverters have got widely application. On the one hand, they have greatly enhanced the productivity undoubtedly. On the other hand, they have done great harm to power quality of the applied electric system. How to improve power quality and insure this sensitive electronic equipment's reliable operation becomes a stringent and important task, which has attracted great attentions of specialist from home and abroad.
In this article, we introduce a set of online power quality monitor who is based on DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The monitor makes full use of DSP chip's strong operation capability. It can monitor power quality online, display real-time measure data and save superscalar data, which can provide accurate data to power quality evaluation and improvement. This device can be applied to medium and low voltage distribution output side or the input side of large consumer.
Structure of paper: concept of power quality; bringing forward questions of power quality; measurements of power quality; requirements and realization of power quality's measurement; the appliance and development of DSP processor in power quality measurement. Then comes the detailed description of this monitor; A/D converting; design of DSP circuit; system commissioning and debugging.
The monitor introduces chip TMS320C6713 of TI Company as central processor. It can monitor different parameters of power quality. In order to satisfy the need of real-time requirement, CPLD is entitled for system logical control.
This monitor has powerful functions,its good performance such as accurate measurement, high measuring speed and good stability has got testified in many field application cases. The application field includes distribution grid and different industrial parks. Furthermore, its extensibility, function and performance is more competent than any other product of same category.
本文设计了一种基于数字信号处理器的电能质量分析装置,利用DSP芯片强大的计算功能进行电能质量在线监测,实时显示测量数据,保存超标数据,为电网电能质量的测评和电能质量的改善提供了准确的依据。本装置作为电能质量在线监测系统的现场监测终端,主要安装在中、低压配电端、大型电力用户输入端等现场。
论文首先介绍了电能质量的概念,电能质量问题的提出,电能质量的测量方法,电能质量在线监测的要求和实现方法,以及DSP处理器在电能质量测量中的应用和发展;然后详细介绍了本监测系统的数据采样和模数转换设计、DSP电路设计和一些特殊功能模块,比如瞬变监测模块,锁相环模块。
本装置利用TI公司的TMS320C6713作为系统的中央处理器,实现了对多项电能质量的实时测量。为满足实时性的要求,在硬件上采用CPLD来完成系统的逻辑控制。
实践表明,本电能质量综合测试装置具有很高的测量速度和测量精度,功能齐全,具有可扩展性,在性能和功能上优于同类产品,已经可以在配电网、工业园区等地方进行应用。
Nowadays, lots of electric inverters have got widely application. On the one hand, they have greatly enhanced the productivity undoubtedly. On the other hand, they have done great harm to power quality of the applied electric system. How to improve power quality and insure this sensitive electronic equipment's reliable operation becomes a stringent and important task, which has attracted great attentions of specialist from home and abroad.
In this article, we introduce a set of online power quality monitor who is based on DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The monitor makes full use of DSP chip's strong operation capability. It can monitor power quality online, display real-time measure data and save superscalar data, which can provide accurate data to power quality evaluation and improvement. This device can be applied to medium and low voltage distribution output side or the input side of large consumer.
Structure of paper: concept of power quality; bringing forward questions of power quality; measurements of power quality; requirements and realization of power quality's measurement; the appliance and development of DSP processor in power quality measurement. Then comes the detailed description of this monitor; A/D converting; design of DSP circuit; system commissioning and debugging.
The monitor introduces chip TMS320C6713 of TI Company as central processor. It can monitor different parameters of power quality. In order to satisfy the need of real-time requirement, CPLD is entitled for system logical control.
This monitor has powerful functions,its good performance such as accurate measurement, high measuring speed and good stability has got testified in many field application cases. The application field includes distribution grid and different industrial parks. Furthermore, its extensibility, function and performance is more competent than any other product of same category.
引文
[1] 胡铭, 用户电力技术在配电系统中的应用, 电力自动化技术, 1999-12
[2] 全国电压电流登记和频率标准化技术委员会编, 电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册, 中国电力出版社
[3] 蒋平等, 电能质量问题及其治理方法, 江苏机电工程, 2003.1
[4] 林雪海, 对电能质量改善的几点看法, 电网技术, 1994(7)
[5] 马竟昌, 供电系统谐波,中国电力出版社 1998
[6] IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE std 519-1992(Revision of IEEE std 519-1981), 1992
[7] IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality, IEEE std 1159-1995, 1995
[8] IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment, IEEE-STD 1100, 1992
[9] Power Quality, Bu Jone Stones and Alan Collinson, Power Engineer Journal, April 2001
[10] McGranaghan M. Treds in Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Power Engineering Review, October 2001
[11] 段成刚等, 新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计, 电网技术, 2004.1
[12] 王宝安等, 基于 DSP 技术的电能质量监测仪研制, 电力自动化设备, 2003.4
[13] McEacherm A. Roles of intelligent systems in power quality monitoring: past, present and future[C]. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2001:1103-1105
[14] 塞尔基欧.弗朗哥[美], 基于运算放大器和模拟集成电路的电路设计, 西安交通大学出版社
[15] J.Gorski-Popiel, Frequency Synthesis: Techniques and Applications. New York; IEEE Press, 1975.
[16] 美国福禄克公司, 电气测量技术基础知识与应用
[17] 吴建辉, 印刷电路板的电磁兼容性设计, 国防工业出版社, 2005
[18] 毛楠, 孙英, 电子电路抗干扰技术, 国防工业出版社, 1996
[19] 尹勇, 欧光军, 关荣峰, DSP 集成开发环境使用指南, 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003
[20] M.H.J. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2000
[21] F.J.M. de Seixas and I. Barbi, “A 12kW three-phase low THD rectifier with high frequency isolation and regulated dc output,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 2, pp, 371-377, Mar. 2004
[22] J. Ferens, H. D. Hajdinjak, and S. Phodes, “18-Pulse Rectificaiton Systeme Using a WyeConnected Auto transformer,” U.S. Patent No. 6650557 B2, Nov. 18, 2003
[23] G. Seguier, Power Electronic Converters AC/DC Conversion. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986.
[24] Ricardo Iuzzolino, High-Accuracy Methods and Measurement Procedures for Power Quality Parameters Using the Digital Synchronous Sampling Technique, IEEE trans on Instrumentation and Measurements, Vol 56, NO.2 APRIL 2007.
[25] P. Wright and P. Clarkson, Methods for calibration of Flickermeters, private communication, 2003
[26] I. Budovsky and G. Hammond, “Precision measurements of Power Harmonics and flicker, IEEE trans, Instrum. Meas., vol.54, no.2 Apr. 2005
[27] Electromagnetic Compatibiliy, Part 4-30: Testing and Measurement Techniques-Power Quality Measurements Methods, IEC std. 61000-4-30
[28] CPLD 系统设计技术入门和应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000
[29] 谭山, 熊元新, 刘珠明, 电力系统分数谐波的测量方法, 继电器, 2002(2)
[30] 靳剑锋, 翁利民, 配电网的谐波及其测量, 电力电容器, 2003(1)
[31] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP Reference Set, Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals
[32] 孙叔勤. 电压波动与闪变. 中国电力出版社,1999
[33] 王宾, 潘贞存, 基于网络用户侧电能质量监测仪设计, 继电器: 2004,32(1),
[34] 宋吉江, 锁相环技术及 CD4046 的结构和应用, 半导体技术, 2000(6)
[35] 施翌平, 基于 DSP 的电能质量监测仪, 电测与仪表, 2002(1)
[36] 李永坚, 电能质量及其研究方法, 电气时空, 2001(7)
[37] Abdul Rahim, Ahmad Zuri, Real-Time Power Quality Monitoring System Based On TMS320CV5416 DSP Prossor, IEEE PEDS 2005
[38] Dugan R.C.., Electric Power Quality, 2nd ed. Scottsdale AZ: Stars in a Circle Publicaiton, 1996.
[39]John S., “A Power Quality”, Power Engineering Journal, vol.15, No.1, April 2001.
[40]. Ananth., “A Power Quality Monitoring System.”, IEEE Power Engineering Review, July 1999.
[41]. Mitra., Digital Signal Processing, A Computer-Based Approach, McGraw Hill, 1998.
[42]. Massimo Aiello, Antonio Cataliotti, Synchronization Techniques for Power Quality Instruments, IEEE Trans, Instruments and Measurement, Vol.56, No.5, Oct. 2007.
[43]. G. Andria, F. Attivissiomo, and A. Lanzolla, Interpolation techniques for non-stationary signal analysis, Measurment, Vol.21, No.1, 1997.
[44]. F.M.Gardner, Phase-Lock Techniques. Hoboken, NJ:Wiley, 1966.
[45]. D.W.Clarke, Disigning phase-locked loops for instrumentation application, Measurement, Vol.32, no.3, Oct.2002
[46]. L.N. Arruda, S.M.Silva, and B.J.C.Filho, PLL structures for utility connected systems, 36th Annu. Meeting IEEE Ind. Appl. Conf. Rec., 2001, Vol.4.
[47]. K.Srinivasan, “Digital Measurement of voltage Flicker”, IEEE trans. On PWRD, 7(1). Oct 1991
[48]. S.Nuccio, “A Digital Instrument for Measurement of Voltage Flictker, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf., Ottawa, Canada, May 19-21, 1997.
[49]. David B.Vannoy, Mark F.Mcgranaghan, Roadmap for Power-Quality Standards Development, IEEE Trans, Industry Applications, Vol.43, No.2 Mar/Apr. 2007.
[50]. Volker Kuhlmann, Alastair Sinton, Mike Deve, Chris Arnold, Effects of Sampling Rate and ADC Width on the Accuracy of Amplitude and Phase Measurements in Power-Quality Monitoring, IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.22, No.2, 2007
[51]. Yong-June Shin, Edward J.Powers, Power Quality Indices for Transient Disturbances, IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.21, No.1, Jan.2006.
[52]. P. Daponte, M.Di Penta, Transient Meter: A Distributed Measurements System for Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.19, No.2 April.2004.
[2] 全国电压电流登记和频率标准化技术委员会编, 电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册, 中国电力出版社
[3] 蒋平等, 电能质量问题及其治理方法, 江苏机电工程, 2003.1
[4] 林雪海, 对电能质量改善的几点看法, 电网技术, 1994(7)
[5] 马竟昌, 供电系统谐波,中国电力出版社 1998
[6] IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE std 519-1992(Revision of IEEE std 519-1981), 1992
[7] IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality, IEEE std 1159-1995, 1995
[8] IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment, IEEE-STD 1100, 1992
[9] Power Quality, Bu Jone Stones and Alan Collinson, Power Engineer Journal, April 2001
[10] McGranaghan M. Treds in Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Power Engineering Review, October 2001
[11] 段成刚等, 新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计, 电网技术, 2004.1
[12] 王宝安等, 基于 DSP 技术的电能质量监测仪研制, 电力自动化设备, 2003.4
[13] McEacherm A. Roles of intelligent systems in power quality monitoring: past, present and future[C]. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2001:1103-1105
[14] 塞尔基欧.弗朗哥[美], 基于运算放大器和模拟集成电路的电路设计, 西安交通大学出版社
[15] J.Gorski-Popiel, Frequency Synthesis: Techniques and Applications. New York; IEEE Press, 1975.
[16] 美国福禄克公司, 电气测量技术基础知识与应用
[17] 吴建辉, 印刷电路板的电磁兼容性设计, 国防工业出版社, 2005
[18] 毛楠, 孙英, 电子电路抗干扰技术, 国防工业出版社, 1996
[19] 尹勇, 欧光军, 关荣峰, DSP 集成开发环境使用指南, 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003
[20] M.H.J. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2000
[21] F.J.M. de Seixas and I. Barbi, “A 12kW three-phase low THD rectifier with high frequency isolation and regulated dc output,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 2, pp, 371-377, Mar. 2004
[22] J. Ferens, H. D. Hajdinjak, and S. Phodes, “18-Pulse Rectificaiton Systeme Using a WyeConnected Auto transformer,” U.S. Patent No. 6650557 B2, Nov. 18, 2003
[23] G. Seguier, Power Electronic Converters AC/DC Conversion. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986.
[24] Ricardo Iuzzolino, High-Accuracy Methods and Measurement Procedures for Power Quality Parameters Using the Digital Synchronous Sampling Technique, IEEE trans on Instrumentation and Measurements, Vol 56, NO.2 APRIL 2007.
[25] P. Wright and P. Clarkson, Methods for calibration of Flickermeters, private communication, 2003
[26] I. Budovsky and G. Hammond, “Precision measurements of Power Harmonics and flicker, IEEE trans, Instrum. Meas., vol.54, no.2 Apr. 2005
[27] Electromagnetic Compatibiliy, Part 4-30: Testing and Measurement Techniques-Power Quality Measurements Methods, IEC std. 61000-4-30
[28] CPLD 系统设计技术入门和应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000
[29] 谭山, 熊元新, 刘珠明, 电力系统分数谐波的测量方法, 继电器, 2002(2)
[30] 靳剑锋, 翁利民, 配电网的谐波及其测量, 电力电容器, 2003(1)
[31] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP Reference Set, Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals
[32] 孙叔勤. 电压波动与闪变. 中国电力出版社,1999
[33] 王宾, 潘贞存, 基于网络用户侧电能质量监测仪设计, 继电器: 2004,32(1),
[34] 宋吉江, 锁相环技术及 CD4046 的结构和应用, 半导体技术, 2000(6)
[35] 施翌平, 基于 DSP 的电能质量监测仪, 电测与仪表, 2002(1)
[36] 李永坚, 电能质量及其研究方法, 电气时空, 2001(7)
[37] Abdul Rahim, Ahmad Zuri, Real-Time Power Quality Monitoring System Based On TMS320CV5416 DSP Prossor, IEEE PEDS 2005
[38] Dugan R.C.., Electric Power Quality, 2nd ed. Scottsdale AZ: Stars in a Circle Publicaiton, 1996.
[39]John S., “A Power Quality”, Power Engineering Journal, vol.15, No.1, April 2001.
[40]. Ananth., “A Power Quality Monitoring System.”, IEEE Power Engineering Review, July 1999.
[41]. Mitra., Digital Signal Processing, A Computer-Based Approach, McGraw Hill, 1998.
[42]. Massimo Aiello, Antonio Cataliotti, Synchronization Techniques for Power Quality Instruments, IEEE Trans, Instruments and Measurement, Vol.56, No.5, Oct. 2007.
[43]. G. Andria, F. Attivissiomo, and A. Lanzolla, Interpolation techniques for non-stationary signal analysis, Measurment, Vol.21, No.1, 1997.
[44]. F.M.Gardner, Phase-Lock Techniques. Hoboken, NJ:Wiley, 1966.
[45]. D.W.Clarke, Disigning phase-locked loops for instrumentation application, Measurement, Vol.32, no.3, Oct.2002
[46]. L.N. Arruda, S.M.Silva, and B.J.C.Filho, PLL structures for utility connected systems, 36th Annu. Meeting IEEE Ind. Appl. Conf. Rec., 2001, Vol.4.
[47]. K.Srinivasan, “Digital Measurement of voltage Flicker”, IEEE trans. On PWRD, 7(1). Oct 1991
[48]. S.Nuccio, “A Digital Instrument for Measurement of Voltage Flictker, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf., Ottawa, Canada, May 19-21, 1997.
[49]. David B.Vannoy, Mark F.Mcgranaghan, Roadmap for Power-Quality Standards Development, IEEE Trans, Industry Applications, Vol.43, No.2 Mar/Apr. 2007.
[50]. Volker Kuhlmann, Alastair Sinton, Mike Deve, Chris Arnold, Effects of Sampling Rate and ADC Width on the Accuracy of Amplitude and Phase Measurements in Power-Quality Monitoring, IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.22, No.2, 2007
[51]. Yong-June Shin, Edward J.Powers, Power Quality Indices for Transient Disturbances, IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.21, No.1, Jan.2006.
[52]. P. Daponte, M.Di Penta, Transient Meter: A Distributed Measurements System for Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Trans, Power Delivery, Vol.19, No.2 April.2004.