高精度时频分析研究及其在地震资料解释中的应用
|
摘要
时频分析的基本思想就是设计时间和频率的联合函数,用其同时描述信号在不同时间及频率的能量分布情况,使得信号的局部特征能够在时间-频率二维平面内清晰地显示出来。本文首先从傅立叶变换入手,分析其优点及其局限性;然后结合实例研究了短时傅立叶变换、小波变换以及Wigner-Ville分布,它们都是比较经典的时频分析方法,但是在实际应用中还是存在一定的问题;研究了最近兴起的希尔伯特—黄变换方法,其通过经验模态分解将信号按一定的顺序分离出来,有很好的时间和频率分辨率,但是由于其自身原因存在端点飞翼现象,使得分离出来的信号不能很好地复原。
本文重点讨论了S变换的方法原理、算法及其性质,通过引入两个可变的调节参数来改造其高斯时窗函数,得到了广义S变换,并通过模型阐述了调节参数对广义S变换时频分辨率的影响以及如何选取最佳的参数。
模型计算结果表明,广义S变换具有很好的时频聚集性能,而且能够比较准确地显示出信号的局部特征,同时可以识别薄层模型的顶底,为实际地震数据的高分辨率处理提供了依据。在实际地震资料的应用中,应用高精度时频分析方法划分沉积旋回,通过调谐频率加强法实现了针对小尺度地质目标的地震资料高分辨率处理,处理后的资料应用于地震属性分析、地震相分析以及波阻抗反演,预测结果得到了一定程度的改善,从而提高了地震资料识别和描述储层的能力。
The basic idea of time-frequency analysis is to design the joint function of time and frequency,which is used to describe the different times and frequency of the energy distribution that can make the local characteristics of the time-frequency two-dimensional plane clearly displayed.This thesis start from the Fourier transform to analyze the advantages and limitations;then with an example of a short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform and Wigner-Ville distribution, they are more classic methods of time-frequency analysis, but there are some problems in practical application;the recent emergence of Hilbert-Huang transform method,which separate the signal by a certain order through empirical mode decomposition,have a good time and frequency resolution, but due to reasons of its own ends flying wing phenomenon that makes the separation of the signal can not properly recover.
This thesis focuses on the method, the algorithm and the nature of S transform that is introduced to two variable parameters to regulate the Gaussian time window function,which is called generalized S transform, through the model the thesis expatiate the adjust parameters on the impact of time-frequency resolution and how to select the best parameters.
Through model analysis, the generalized S transform has good time-frequency performance and can accurately show the local characteristics of the signal, while the model can identify the top and bottom of the thin, as the actual seismic data processing provides high-resolution basis.In real applications, the time-frequency analysis is used to divide sedimentary cycles and achieve by tuning the frequency to strengthen law on a small-scale geological targets high-resolution seismic data processing.The processed data is used in seismic attributes analysis, seismic facies analysis, and impedance inversion, the predictions have been improved to some extent, which improve the capacity of identification and description of reservoir.
本文重点讨论了S变换的方法原理、算法及其性质,通过引入两个可变的调节参数来改造其高斯时窗函数,得到了广义S变换,并通过模型阐述了调节参数对广义S变换时频分辨率的影响以及如何选取最佳的参数。
模型计算结果表明,广义S变换具有很好的时频聚集性能,而且能够比较准确地显示出信号的局部特征,同时可以识别薄层模型的顶底,为实际地震数据的高分辨率处理提供了依据。在实际地震资料的应用中,应用高精度时频分析方法划分沉积旋回,通过调谐频率加强法实现了针对小尺度地质目标的地震资料高分辨率处理,处理后的资料应用于地震属性分析、地震相分析以及波阻抗反演,预测结果得到了一定程度的改善,从而提高了地震资料识别和描述储层的能力。
The basic idea of time-frequency analysis is to design the joint function of time and frequency,which is used to describe the different times and frequency of the energy distribution that can make the local characteristics of the time-frequency two-dimensional plane clearly displayed.This thesis start from the Fourier transform to analyze the advantages and limitations;then with an example of a short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform and Wigner-Ville distribution, they are more classic methods of time-frequency analysis, but there are some problems in practical application;the recent emergence of Hilbert-Huang transform method,which separate the signal by a certain order through empirical mode decomposition,have a good time and frequency resolution, but due to reasons of its own ends flying wing phenomenon that makes the separation of the signal can not properly recover.
This thesis focuses on the method, the algorithm and the nature of S transform that is introduced to two variable parameters to regulate the Gaussian time window function,which is called generalized S transform, through the model the thesis expatiate the adjust parameters on the impact of time-frequency resolution and how to select the best parameters.
Through model analysis, the generalized S transform has good time-frequency performance and can accurately show the local characteristics of the signal, while the model can identify the top and bottom of the thin, as the actual seismic data processing provides high-resolution basis.In real applications, the time-frequency analysis is used to divide sedimentary cycles and achieve by tuning the frequency to strengthen law on a small-scale geological targets high-resolution seismic data processing.The processed data is used in seismic attributes analysis, seismic facies analysis, and impedance inversion, the predictions have been improved to some extent, which improve the capacity of identification and description of reservoir.
引文
[1]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753
[2]刘波,文忠,曾涯编著.MATLAB信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社[M],2006.1
[3]李舜酩,李香莲著.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.11
[4]董恩清,刘贵忠,张宗平.基于离散Gabor变换迭代时变滤波实现地震信号去噪.煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(6):48-51
[5]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004,23(1):95-99
[6]陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180-1185
[7] Huang N E,Shen Z, Long S R. T. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. J Proc R SocLond A, 1998, 454:903-995
[8]王宏禹,邱天爽,陈喆编著.非平稳随机信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[9] Gao jing-huai, Wu ru-sha , Wang bao-jiang.A new type of analyzing wavelet best matching seismic wavelets and its applications for extraction of the instanta- neous spectrum bandwidth.Expanded abstracts of the technical program ,SEG 71th annual meeting,2001.
[10]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532
[11]焦叙明.时频分析及其在地震资料处理分析中的应用(硕士学位论文).中国海洋大学,20070526.
[12]吴大正主编.信号与线性系统分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.3
[13]牟永光主编.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.11
[14]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明,等.联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4)
[15]姜建国,曹建中,高玉明编著.信号与系统分析基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[16]胡广书编著.现代信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11
[17]田鑫,章成广,江万哲,等.短时傅立叶变换在阵列声波信息提取中的应用[J].国外测井技术.2005,20(6):53-55
[18] Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. Time-local Fourier analysis with a scalable phase- modulated analyzing function: the S-transform with a complex window. Signal Processing, 2004, 84:1167-1176
[19]殷晓中,于盛林.信号的时频分析理论与应用评述[J].现代电子技术,2006,21:118-120
[20]王西文,刘全新,高静怀,等.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):78-85
[21]付燕.基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002, 30(6):52-54
[22]周游,胡远来,王茂芝,等.基于离散小波变换的油气检测技术[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,26(2):98-100
[23]卫俊平,赵国庆.基于局域波分解的Wigner-Ville分布[J].电子科技,2004,3:46-49
[24]飞思科技产品研发中心编著.MATLAB7辅助信号处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.3
[25]刘洋,王典,刘财.数学变换方法在地震勘探中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(专辑):1-8
[26] Huang N E, Shen Z, Long S R. T. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. J Proc R SocLond A, 1998, 454:903-995
[27] Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. Time-local spectral analysis for non-stationary time series: the S-transform for noisy signals. Fluctuation and Noise Letters, 2003,3(3):357-364
[28]李建伟,许宝杰,韩秋实.非平稳振动信号分析中Hilbert-Huang变换的对比研究[J].机械强度,2006,28(2):165-169.
[29] Dejie Yu,Junsheng Cheng,Yu Yang. Application of EMD method and Hilbert spectrum to the fault diagnosis of roller bearings. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2005,19:259-270.
[30]郑天翔,杨力华.经验模式分解算法的探讨和改进[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(1):1-6.
[31]丁浩,黄志尧,李海青.气液两相流差压波动信号的Hilbert-Huang变换特性[J].化工学报,2005,56(12):2294-2302.
[32]武安绪,吴培稚,兰从欣,等.Hilbert-Huang变换与地震信号的时频分析[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):207-214.
[33]李书进,虞晖,瞿伟廉.基于Hilbert-Huang变换的结构损伤诊断[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(8):44-47.
[34]杨建文,贾民平.希尔伯特-黄谱的端点效应分析及处理方法研究[J].振动工程学报,2006,19(2):283-287.
[35] C Robert Pinnegar, Lalu Mansinha. The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape. Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385
[36] Stockwell R G, Mansinha L, Lowe R P. Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform. IEEE Transactions on signal processing, 1996, 44(4):998-1001
[37]陈学华,贺振华.改进的S变换即在地震信号处理中的应用[J].数据采集与处理,2005,20(4):449-453
[38]王宝江.广义S变换地震处理技术在鄂尔多斯盆地储层预测中的应用.硕士论文,西北大学,2005.
[39]刘丽娟,王山山.广义S变换窗函数的分析和改进[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):76-79
[40]徐红梅,郝志勇,贾维新,等.基于S变换的内燃机噪声信号时频特征[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(2):115-118
[41] Mansinha L,Stockwell R G,Lowe R P.Pattern analysis with two dimensional spectral localization:Application of two-dimensional S transform[J].Physical, 1997,239(3):286- 295
[42]刘喜武,年静波,刘洪.基于广义S变换的地震波能量衰减分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):20-24
[43] Pinnegar C R, Eaton D W. Application of the S transform to prestack noise attenuation filtering. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003, 108(B9):1-10
[44] Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varyingshape. Geophysics, 2003,68(1):381-385
[45]陈学华.时频分布与地震信号谱分析研究.硕士论文,成都理工大学,2006.
[46] Ta-Hsin Li,Hee-Seok Oh. Wavelet spectrum and its characterization property for random process. IEEE trans. On information theory, 2002,48(11):2922-2937
[47]刘兰锋,刘全新,雍学善.基于广义S变换的低频瞬时能量谱油气检测技术[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):238-241
[48]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532
[49]贺锡雷,黄德济,贺振华.外通频带地震信息的利用.中国科技论文在线.
[50]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451
[51]段生全.高精度时频分析及应用.硕士论文,成都理工大学,2005.
[52]邹文,陈爱萍,贺振华,等.基于S变换的地震相分析技术[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):48-51
[53]吴国忱,康仁华,印兴耀.三维时频分析方法在地震层序分析中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(1):81-84
[54]董波.时频分析在地层旋回性分析中的应用[J].华北地震科学,2004,22(4):16-19
[55]刘喜武,年静波,黄文松.利用广义S变换提取地震旋回的方法[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):129-133
[56]黄中玉,王于静,孙显义,等.分频技术在气层识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):73-79
[57]徐庆丽.地震层序界面检测中的高分辨率时频分析方法研究.硕士论文,吉林大学,2003.
[58]杜世通.层序框架下的地震高分辨率资料解释[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(4):66-77
[59]石万忠,李举子,李梦溪,等.时频分析在高分辨率层序地层学中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(3):234-237
[60]黄德济,赵宪生.时频域中主参数剖面的计算及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1994,16(3):197-203
[61]熊晓军,贺振华,黄德济,等.广义S变换在地震高分辨处理中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6):415-418
[62]夏竹,刘兰锋,任敦占,等.基于地震道时频分析的地层结构解析原理和方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):57-65
[63]白桦,李鲲鹏.基于时频分析的地层吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):642-648
[64]王永刚,乐友喜,张军华著.地震属性分析技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.1
[65]冯世民.三维地震勘探资料岩性处理技术及应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(2)
[66]姜在兴主编.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.5
[67]陆基孟主编.地震勘探原理(下) [M].东营:石油大学出版社,2006.2
[68]王永刚编著.地震资料综合解释方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.5
[69]孟宪军.复杂岩性储层约束地震反演技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社, 2005.5
[70] Gao Jinghuai,Wu Rusha,Wang Baojiang.A new type of analyzing wavelet best matching seismic wavelets and its application for extraction of the instantaneous spectrum bandwidth.Expanded abstracts of the technical program,SEG71th annual meeting,2001.
[2]刘波,文忠,曾涯编著.MATLAB信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社[M],2006.1
[3]李舜酩,李香莲著.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.11
[4]董恩清,刘贵忠,张宗平.基于离散Gabor变换迭代时变滤波实现地震信号去噪.煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(6):48-51
[5]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004,23(1):95-99
[6]陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180-1185
[7] Huang N E,Shen Z, Long S R. T. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. J Proc R SocLond A, 1998, 454:903-995
[8]王宏禹,邱天爽,陈喆编著.非平稳随机信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[9] Gao jing-huai, Wu ru-sha , Wang bao-jiang.A new type of analyzing wavelet best matching seismic wavelets and its applications for extraction of the instanta- neous spectrum bandwidth.Expanded abstracts of the technical program ,SEG 71th annual meeting,2001.
[10]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532
[11]焦叙明.时频分析及其在地震资料处理分析中的应用(硕士学位论文).中国海洋大学,20070526.
[12]吴大正主编.信号与线性系统分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.3
[13]牟永光主编.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.11
[14]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明,等.联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4)
[15]姜建国,曹建中,高玉明编著.信号与系统分析基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[16]胡广书编著.现代信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11
[17]田鑫,章成广,江万哲,等.短时傅立叶变换在阵列声波信息提取中的应用[J].国外测井技术.2005,20(6):53-55
[18] Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. Time-local Fourier analysis with a scalable phase- modulated analyzing function: the S-transform with a complex window. Signal Processing, 2004, 84:1167-1176
[19]殷晓中,于盛林.信号的时频分析理论与应用评述[J].现代电子技术,2006,21:118-120
[20]王西文,刘全新,高静怀,等.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):78-85
[21]付燕.基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002, 30(6):52-54
[22]周游,胡远来,王茂芝,等.基于离散小波变换的油气检测技术[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,26(2):98-100
[23]卫俊平,赵国庆.基于局域波分解的Wigner-Ville分布[J].电子科技,2004,3:46-49
[24]飞思科技产品研发中心编著.MATLAB7辅助信号处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.3
[25]刘洋,王典,刘财.数学变换方法在地震勘探中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(专辑):1-8
[26] Huang N E, Shen Z, Long S R. T. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. J Proc R SocLond A, 1998, 454:903-995
[27] Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. Time-local spectral analysis for non-stationary time series: the S-transform for noisy signals. Fluctuation and Noise Letters, 2003,3(3):357-364
[28]李建伟,许宝杰,韩秋实.非平稳振动信号分析中Hilbert-Huang变换的对比研究[J].机械强度,2006,28(2):165-169.
[29] Dejie Yu,Junsheng Cheng,Yu Yang. Application of EMD method and Hilbert spectrum to the fault diagnosis of roller bearings. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2005,19:259-270.
[30]郑天翔,杨力华.经验模式分解算法的探讨和改进[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(1):1-6.
[31]丁浩,黄志尧,李海青.气液两相流差压波动信号的Hilbert-Huang变换特性[J].化工学报,2005,56(12):2294-2302.
[32]武安绪,吴培稚,兰从欣,等.Hilbert-Huang变换与地震信号的时频分析[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):207-214.
[33]李书进,虞晖,瞿伟廉.基于Hilbert-Huang变换的结构损伤诊断[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(8):44-47.
[34]杨建文,贾民平.希尔伯特-黄谱的端点效应分析及处理方法研究[J].振动工程学报,2006,19(2):283-287.
[35] C Robert Pinnegar, Lalu Mansinha. The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape. Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385
[36] Stockwell R G, Mansinha L, Lowe R P. Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform. IEEE Transactions on signal processing, 1996, 44(4):998-1001
[37]陈学华,贺振华.改进的S变换即在地震信号处理中的应用[J].数据采集与处理,2005,20(4):449-453
[38]王宝江.广义S变换地震处理技术在鄂尔多斯盆地储层预测中的应用.硕士论文,西北大学,2005.
[39]刘丽娟,王山山.广义S变换窗函数的分析和改进[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):76-79
[40]徐红梅,郝志勇,贾维新,等.基于S变换的内燃机噪声信号时频特征[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(2):115-118
[41] Mansinha L,Stockwell R G,Lowe R P.Pattern analysis with two dimensional spectral localization:Application of two-dimensional S transform[J].Physical, 1997,239(3):286- 295
[42]刘喜武,年静波,刘洪.基于广义S变换的地震波能量衰减分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):20-24
[43] Pinnegar C R, Eaton D W. Application of the S transform to prestack noise attenuation filtering. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003, 108(B9):1-10
[44] Pinnegar C R, Mansinha L. The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varyingshape. Geophysics, 2003,68(1):381-385
[45]陈学华.时频分布与地震信号谱分析研究.硕士论文,成都理工大学,2006.
[46] Ta-Hsin Li,Hee-Seok Oh. Wavelet spectrum and its characterization property for random process. IEEE trans. On information theory, 2002,48(11):2922-2937
[47]刘兰锋,刘全新,雍学善.基于广义S变换的低频瞬时能量谱油气检测技术[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):238-241
[48]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532
[49]贺锡雷,黄德济,贺振华.外通频带地震信息的利用.中国科技论文在线.
[50]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451
[51]段生全.高精度时频分析及应用.硕士论文,成都理工大学,2005.
[52]邹文,陈爱萍,贺振华,等.基于S变换的地震相分析技术[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):48-51
[53]吴国忱,康仁华,印兴耀.三维时频分析方法在地震层序分析中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(1):81-84
[54]董波.时频分析在地层旋回性分析中的应用[J].华北地震科学,2004,22(4):16-19
[55]刘喜武,年静波,黄文松.利用广义S变换提取地震旋回的方法[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):129-133
[56]黄中玉,王于静,孙显义,等.分频技术在气层识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):73-79
[57]徐庆丽.地震层序界面检测中的高分辨率时频分析方法研究.硕士论文,吉林大学,2003.
[58]杜世通.层序框架下的地震高分辨率资料解释[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(4):66-77
[59]石万忠,李举子,李梦溪,等.时频分析在高分辨率层序地层学中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(3):234-237
[60]黄德济,赵宪生.时频域中主参数剖面的计算及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1994,16(3):197-203
[61]熊晓军,贺振华,黄德济,等.广义S变换在地震高分辨处理中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6):415-418
[62]夏竹,刘兰锋,任敦占,等.基于地震道时频分析的地层结构解析原理和方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):57-65
[63]白桦,李鲲鹏.基于时频分析的地层吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):642-648
[64]王永刚,乐友喜,张军华著.地震属性分析技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.1
[65]冯世民.三维地震勘探资料岩性处理技术及应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(2)
[66]姜在兴主编.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.5
[67]陆基孟主编.地震勘探原理(下) [M].东营:石油大学出版社,2006.2
[68]王永刚编著.地震资料综合解释方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.5
[69]孟宪军.复杂岩性储层约束地震反演技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社, 2005.5
[70] Gao Jinghuai,Wu Rusha,Wang Baojiang.A new type of analyzing wavelet best matching seismic wavelets and its application for extraction of the instantaneous spectrum bandwidth.Expanded abstracts of the technical program,SEG71th annual meeting,2001.