信息化时代的企业组织创新
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摘要
信息化时代的到来，改变了企业经营管理的环境，传统的企业管理理论和实践已经不能完全适应新经济时代发展的需要。本文拟对新环境下企业组织变革与创新问题进行系统的研究，探讨企业组织结构创新的必要性。提出信息化环境下组织结构创新的一系列发展趋势：扁平化是组织结构优化的基础；柔性化既有利于组织的创造、革新、加快反应速度，又能使组织在不断磨合中加强控制的向心力，具有适时根据可预期的变化的意外结果迅速调整的能力；网络化不仅减少了内部管理成本、实现了企业全世界范围内供应链与销售环节的整合，而且实现了企业充分授权式的管理，极大地促进了企业经济效益，实现质的飞跃；虚拟化是将有限的资源集中在附加值高的功能上，而将附加值低的功能虚拟化，以最小的代价获得最大的资源支持，从而使整个组织以最有效的方式运转，以高弹性化来适应市场的快速变化；创建学习型组织，使企业拓展了与外界进行信息交流的广度和深度，使企业立于不败之地。
组织结构的创新为企业可持续发展提供了必要条件。然而，有了好的变化趋势，却不一定能取得预期的效果。本文针对诸如以企业信息化代替企业的管理组织创新、信息化建设与企业组织结构创新协调不够、企业体制和机制的限制等影响我国企业组织结构创新顺利实现的问题，进一步探索我国企业组织创新的途径。
With the coming of informatization era, the environment of enterprise management has been changed. Traditional theory and practice of enterprise management already cannot completely adapt to the development of new economic era. The aim of this thesis is making a systemic study for enterprise organization innovation under the new environment and exploring the necessity of enterprise organization structure innovation. At the same time, a series of development trend in organization structure innovation under the information environment has been put forward: Flat model is the basis of organization structure optimization; Flexibility not only is beneficial to organization creation, innovation and accelerating reaction speed, but also strengthens organization's control centripetal force during the process of being operated continuously. It has rapid adjusting ability in time according to unexpected results of predictable change; Networking can not only decrease internal management cost and realize integration between supply chain and sale chain in worldwide, but also realize enterprise' s completely authorized managemen in order to promote substantial leap in enterprise economic benefit; Virtual model is centralizing limited resources on high additional value function and making low additional value virtual in order that the largest resource support can be
obtained in the lowest cost and the whole organization is operated in the most effective way for adapting to market' s rapid change with high elasticity; Creating learning pattern in organization makes enterprise expand the width and depth of information being exchanged with the outer so as to keep enterprise in an unassailable position. Organization structure innovation provides essential condition for enterprise sustained development. However, the predicted result may or may not be obtained in spite of good change trend. This thesis will further explore the new way of enterprise organization innovation against some factors which infulence enterprise organization innovation to realize successfully in our country.
组织结构的创新为企业可持续发展提供了必要条件。然而，有了好的变化趋势，却不一定能取得预期的效果。本文针对诸如以企业信息化代替企业的管理组织创新、信息化建设与企业组织结构创新协调不够、企业体制和机制的限制等影响我国企业组织结构创新顺利实现的问题，进一步探索我国企业组织创新的途径。
With the coming of informatization era, the environment of enterprise management has been changed. Traditional theory and practice of enterprise management already cannot completely adapt to the development of new economic era. The aim of this thesis is making a systemic study for enterprise organization innovation under the new environment and exploring the necessity of enterprise organization structure innovation. At the same time, a series of development trend in organization structure innovation under the information environment has been put forward: Flat model is the basis of organization structure optimization; Flexibility not only is beneficial to organization creation, innovation and accelerating reaction speed, but also strengthens organization's control centripetal force during the process of being operated continuously. It has rapid adjusting ability in time according to unexpected results of predictable change; Networking can not only decrease internal management cost and realize integration between supply chain and sale chain in worldwide, but also realize enterprise' s completely authorized managemen in order to promote substantial leap in enterprise economic benefit; Virtual model is centralizing limited resources on high additional value function and making low additional value virtual in order that the largest resource support can be
obtained in the lowest cost and the whole organization is operated in the most effective way for adapting to market' s rapid change with high elasticity; Creating learning pattern in organization makes enterprise expand the width and depth of information being exchanged with the outer so as to keep enterprise in an unassailable position. Organization structure innovation provides essential condition for enterprise sustained development. However, the predicted result may or may not be obtained in spite of good change trend. This thesis will further explore the new way of enterprise organization innovation against some factors which infulence enterprise organization innovation to realize successfully in our country.
引文
[1] 王众托．企业信息化与管理变革．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001
[2] 戴木才．现代企业管理创新教程．北京：中共中央党校，2002
[3] 乌家培．信息经济与知识经济．北京：经济科学出版社，1999
[4] 柳清瑞．学习型组织是企业获得竞争优势的关键．北京：经济管理出版社，2000．5
[5] 刘佩仓．中小企业信息化之路．北京：北京大学出版社，2000
[6] 陈佳贵等．企业改革与管理创新．北京：经济管理出版社，2000
[7] 芮明杰．管理创新．上海：上海译文出版社，1997
[8] 侯炳辉．企业信息化领导手册．北京：北京出版社，1999
[9] 张海峰等．知识经济与企业创新发展．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1999
[10] 何畔．跨世纪企业组织结构新变化．北京：经济管理出版社，2000．5
[11] 郑明身．企业组织创新与竞争力．经济管理．2002(11)
[12] 网络经济下的组织结构．中国经济报．2001(1354)
[13] 芮明杰，钱平凡．重构流程．杭州：浙江人民出版社，1997
[14] 汪克夷等．业务流程再造中信息技术的运用研究．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[15] 赵春明．虚拟企业．杭州：浙江人民出版社，1999
[16] 颜光华．企业再造．上海：上海财经大学出版社，1998
[17] 郭强．反思知识经济．北京：中国经济出版社，1999
[18] 赖增牧．企业信息化与管理创新的几点思考．中国软科学．1999(4)
[19] 陈佳贵．重视企业管理创新 迎接21世纪的挑战．经济管理．2000(1)
[20] 赵友宝．管理创新：国有企业脱困的必由之路．经济体制改革．2000(1)
[21] 颜爱民．知识经济时代企业管理的发展态势与启示．中国软科学．
1999(4)
[22] 杨永福．管理模式和方法创新分析及其启示．中国管理科学．1999(4)
[23] 侯炳辉．刍议企业信息化．电子展望与决策．2000(2)
[24] 武文生等．企业信息化及其管理．未来与发展．1999(3)
[25] 张新武等．企业信息化及其实旌保证体系．电子与信息化．2000(1—2)
[26] 何祚庥．马克思主义和知识经济．陕西：西安交通大学学报．1998(18)
[27] 寇纪淞，李敏强．现代组织模式变化与信息技术．中国软科学．1995(1)
[28] 汪应洛等．简捷柔制造：对管理新的挑战．管理工程学报．1995(9)
[29] H Kuhnle．学习型企业——组织的进一步发展．北京：工业与工程管理．1998(3)
[30] 马克思．剩余价值论(中译本)．北京：人民出版社，1975
[31] 阿尔温·托夫勒．第三次浪潮(中译本)．北京：三联书店，1984
[32] 达尔·尼夫．知识经济(中译本)．珠海：珠海出版社，1998
[33] 彼得·圣吉．第五项修炼(中译本)．上海：上海三联出版社，1994
[34] 丁一凡．智慧化世纪．北京：中国发展出版社，2000
[35] 党延忠．科技计划业务流程再造与信息化建设．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[36] 芮明杰．中国企业发展的战略选择．上海：复旦大学出版社，2000
[37] 方美琪．电子商务概论．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[38] Marchand, D.et al.Information Orientation: People, Technology and the Bottom line. Sloan Management Review. 2000 Summer:69-80P
[39] Mintzberg. The structuring of organization.New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1978
[40] Applying business-process reengineering to IT project development. International Journal of Project Management, 1994, 12(4):206-208P
[41] Prahalad. Michael C. Oraganizational learning as the creation of corporate competencies.Journal of Management Development, 1998
[42] Fisher.Reengineering your business process. Journal of Systems Management,1996(1-2):46-51P
[2] 戴木才．现代企业管理创新教程．北京：中共中央党校，2002
[3] 乌家培．信息经济与知识经济．北京：经济科学出版社，1999
[4] 柳清瑞．学习型组织是企业获得竞争优势的关键．北京：经济管理出版社，2000．5
[5] 刘佩仓．中小企业信息化之路．北京：北京大学出版社，2000
[6] 陈佳贵等．企业改革与管理创新．北京：经济管理出版社，2000
[7] 芮明杰．管理创新．上海：上海译文出版社，1997
[8] 侯炳辉．企业信息化领导手册．北京：北京出版社，1999
[9] 张海峰等．知识经济与企业创新发展．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1999
[10] 何畔．跨世纪企业组织结构新变化．北京：经济管理出版社，2000．5
[11] 郑明身．企业组织创新与竞争力．经济管理．2002(11)
[12] 网络经济下的组织结构．中国经济报．2001(1354)
[13] 芮明杰，钱平凡．重构流程．杭州：浙江人民出版社，1997
[14] 汪克夷等．业务流程再造中信息技术的运用研究．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[15] 赵春明．虚拟企业．杭州：浙江人民出版社，1999
[16] 颜光华．企业再造．上海：上海财经大学出版社，1998
[17] 郭强．反思知识经济．北京：中国经济出版社，1999
[18] 赖增牧．企业信息化与管理创新的几点思考．中国软科学．1999(4)
[19] 陈佳贵．重视企业管理创新 迎接21世纪的挑战．经济管理．2000(1)
[20] 赵友宝．管理创新：国有企业脱困的必由之路．经济体制改革．2000(1)
[21] 颜爱民．知识经济时代企业管理的发展态势与启示．中国软科学．
1999(4)
[22] 杨永福．管理模式和方法创新分析及其启示．中国管理科学．1999(4)
[23] 侯炳辉．刍议企业信息化．电子展望与决策．2000(2)
[24] 武文生等．企业信息化及其管理．未来与发展．1999(3)
[25] 张新武等．企业信息化及其实旌保证体系．电子与信息化．2000(1—2)
[26] 何祚庥．马克思主义和知识经济．陕西：西安交通大学学报．1998(18)
[27] 寇纪淞，李敏强．现代组织模式变化与信息技术．中国软科学．1995(1)
[28] 汪应洛等．简捷柔制造：对管理新的挑战．管理工程学报．1995(9)
[29] H Kuhnle．学习型企业——组织的进一步发展．北京：工业与工程管理．1998(3)
[30] 马克思．剩余价值论(中译本)．北京：人民出版社，1975
[31] 阿尔温·托夫勒．第三次浪潮(中译本)．北京：三联书店，1984
[32] 达尔·尼夫．知识经济(中译本)．珠海：珠海出版社，1998
[33] 彼得·圣吉．第五项修炼(中译本)．上海：上海三联出版社，1994
[34] 丁一凡．智慧化世纪．北京：中国发展出版社，2000
[35] 党延忠．科技计划业务流程再造与信息化建设．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[36] 芮明杰．中国企业发展的战略选择．上海：复旦大学出版社，2000
[37] 方美琪．电子商务概论．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[38] Marchand, D.et al.Information Orientation: People, Technology and the Bottom line. Sloan Management Review. 2000 Summer:69-80P
[39] Mintzberg. The structuring of organization.New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1978
[40] Applying business-process reengineering to IT project development. International Journal of Project Management, 1994, 12(4):206-208P
[41] Prahalad. Michael C. Oraganizational learning as the creation of corporate competencies.Journal of Management Development, 1998
[42] Fisher.Reengineering your business process. Journal of Systems Management,1996(1-2):46-51P